Vol 4 Ch 2

During the scene​ size-up on a call for a patient with penetrating trauma due to a stab​ wound, which of the following should you​ do? A. Check for weapons on or near the patient. B. Assume that the patient has no weapons if law enforcement is on the scene. C. Collect anything that could be used as evidence. D. Try to find out in which direction the assailant fled.

A. Check for weapons on or near the patient.

Axial loading is most likely to occur in which type of​ impact? A. Frontal with an​ up-and-over pathway B. Lateral on the side of the vehicle opposite the occupant C. Frontal with a​ down-and-under pathway D. Rear with the headrest too low

A. Frontal with an​ up-and-over pathway

Which of the following is TRUE of the temporary cavity formed by penetrating​ trauma? A. It is a space indirectly created by a projectile as tissue moves rapidly away from its path. B. It heals more slowly than the permanent cavity because of the nature of the tissue damage. C. It fills with disrupted​ tissues, some​ air, fluid, and debris. D. It is the damage that occurs when the projectile fragments.

A. It is a space indirectly created by a projectile as tissue moves rapidly away from its path.

Which of the following best describes why the occupants of a vehicle moving at 50 miles per hour will be injured when the vehicle strikes a tree but not when it brakes to a​ stop? A. The energy gradually dissipates as heat due to the friction of​ braking, rather than transferring to the vehicle and its occupants. B. Braking allows the kinetic energy to be absorbed evenly into the frame of the​ vehicle, rather than concentrating it at the point of impact. C. The inertia of the tree increases the kinetic energy transmitted to the occupants by a factor of 10. D. None of the above describes why.

A. The energy gradually dissipates as heat due to the friction of​ braking, rather than transferring to the vehicle and its occupants.

Which of the following statements about​ low-velocity penetrating trauma is​ TRUE? A. ​Knives, arrows, ice​ picks, and similar weapons cause damage only in their direct path. B. Shorter knives and ice picks may be removed if they are left in the wound. C. More injuries are sustained from arrows than from knives. D. There is no pressure shock wave with a knife wound as there is with an arrow wound.

A. ​Knives, arrows, ice​ picks, and similar weapons cause damage only in their direct path.

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the permanent cavity created by penetrating​ trauma? A. It is filled with disrupted​ tissues, some​ air, fluid, and debris. B. It is a potential​ space, not an actual space. C. It is the damage done when the projectile fragments penetrate. D. It is a space created by a projectile as tissue moves rapidly away in its path.

A. It is filled with disrupted​ tissues, some​ air, fluid, and debris.

Which of the following contributes to a greater degree of injury than anticipated from vehicle damage alone in a​ lateral-impact motor vehicle​ collision? A. Lack of a crumple zone B. Taking the​ up-and-over pathway C. The force of​ side-impact air bag deployment D. Increased gravitational forces due to multiple changes in direction and velocity

A. Lack of a crumple zone

Which statement about ballistics is​ TRUE? A. In penetrating​ trauma, the mass of a projectile is more significant than its velocity when determining kinetic energy. B. Damage is less when the bullet does not exit the body. C. When a bullet​ yaws, it increases the damage. D. When a bullet​ tumbles, it decreases the damage.

C. When a bullet​ yaws, it increases the damage.

Frontal impacts in which the patient takes a​ "down-and-under" pathway typically result in which of the following injury​ patterns? A. Rupture of the diaphragm B. Rupture of hollow organs C. Hip and femur fractures D. Traumatic brain injury

C. Hip and femur fractures

Which of the following injuries is associated with the pressure wave produced by a​ blast? A. Ruptured spleen B. Pneumothorax C. Fractures D. Lacerated liver

B. Pneumothorax

Which of the following is TRUE about determining the pathway of the bullet when assessing a patient with a gunshot​ wound? A. You should try to determine the​ bullet's pathway. B. It is difficult to determine the pathway of a bullet because it may not travel in a straight​ line, possibly being deflected by structures in its path or being shifted by natural movements of the diaphragm and other organs and structures of the body. C. The purpose of determining the​ bullet's pathway is to anticipate which organs may have been​ affected, which will help to guide your priorities for​ on-scene care or rapid transport. D. All of the above

All of the above

You are called to the scene of a vehicle crash in which a car was​ rear-ended while stopped at a stop sign. Which of the following laws of physics serves as the basis for analyzing the mechanism of injury and the associated index of suspicion for​ injuries? A. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. B. A body at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force. C. The amount of energy transmitted to an object is inversely proportional to its rate of deceleration. D. A body in motion will remain in motion unless acted on by an outside force.

B. A body at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force.

Upon arriving at the scene of a​ single-vehicle collision in which the vehicle struck a utility​ pole, you note that the windshield is​ "starred," and that the driver is not restrained. Which of the following injuries is most​ likely? A. Whiplash injury of the neck muscles B. Compression injury of the cervical spine C. Ligamentous neck injury due to rotation beyond the range of motion D. Distraction injury of the cervical spine

B. Compression injury of the cervical spine

As the energy from a​ medium- or​ high-velocity projectile pushes tissue from its​ path, which of the following​ occurs? A. No vacuum is created when there are both an entrance and an exit wound. B. Negative pressure is generated inside the​ cavity, drawing debris into the wound. C. Damage depends on the net difference between pressure at the entrance wound and pressure at the exit wound. D. There is negative pressure at the entrance wound and positive pressure at the exit wound.

B. Negative pressure is generated inside the​ cavity, drawing debris into the wound.

Which of the following mechanisms in a motor vehicle collision would most likely result in a tear of the liver at the ligamentum​ teres? A. Sudden acceleration B. Sudden deceleration C. Gradual deceleration D. Gradual acceleration

B. Sudden deceleration

Which of the following is TRUE of shotgun​ ammunition? A. The shot is dispersed from the cartridge with high velocity. B. ​"Double ought" or​ #00 shot contains a large number of relatively small pellets. C. The closer the shooter is to the​ victim, the larger the area of visible damage. D. A shotgun may either fire one slug or use ammunition with multiple pellets.

D. A shotgun may either fire one slug or use ammunition with multiple pellets.

Which of the following statements about rifles is​ TRUE? A. Assault rifles have greater velocity than hunting rifles and only operate automatically. B. Hunting rifles have larger magazines and operate semiautomatically. C. Assault rifles do not accept domestic hunting ammunition and thus create a projectile profile that is smaller and causes less damage. D. Assault rifles generally increase the number of wounds the victim sustains.

D. Assault rifles generally increase the number of wounds the victim sustains.

Which of the following increases a​ bullet's profile? A. ​"Mushrooming" on impact B. The use of rifling in the barrel of the firearm C. Tumbling 180 degrees on impact D. Both A and C

D. Both A and C

When assessing a patient with a crush​ injury, which of the following findings would indicate that toxins have entered the central​ circulation? A. Central hyperventilation syndrome B. Increased urine output C. ​Hot, red skin D. Cardiac arrhythmia

D. Cardiac arrhythmia

Which of the following statements about entrance and exit wounds is​ TRUE? A. Entrance wounds most often appear as stellate. B. Exit wounds are usually the size of the​ bullet's profile. C. Cavitational wave energy is greatest at a​ bullet's point of entrance. D. Only a thorough forensic examination by a qualified expert can determine with certainty whether a given wound is an entrance wound or an exit wound.

D. Only a thorough forensic examination by a qualified expert can determine with certainty whether a given wound is an entrance wound or an exit wound.

The primary assessment of a patient with a gunshot wound to the chest should focus on detecting which of the​ following? A. Peritonitis B. Cardiac contusion C. Pancreatitis D. Tension pneumothorax

D. Tension pneumothorax

When the​ driver's chest strikes the steering wheel during a motor vehicle​ collision, what produces the next​ injury? A. The air bag deploys a second time. B. Unsecured objects in the vehicle become projectiles. C. The steering column shears​ off, causing penetrating trauma. D. The heart continues its forward motion until it strikes the chest wall.

D. The heart continues its forward motion until it strikes the chest wall.

A penetrating injury to which of the following organs is LEAST likely to result in severe​ hemorrhage? A. Liver B. Kidney C. Spleen D. Ureter

D. Ureter

Which two of the following factors proportionately affect the kinetic energy of a bullet fired from a​ gun? A. Mass and friction B. Friction and distance C. Friction and velocity D. Velocity and mass

D. Velocity and mass

The study of the characteristics of projectiles in motion and their effects on the objects they impact is​ called: A. forensics. B. trajectory. C. cavitation. D. ballistics.

D. ballistics.