Volcanos

What are the three main types of volcanoes?

Shield, Cinder cone, and Composite.

Magma is a hot, liquid mixture that changes to solid rock when it cools and hardens. Which of these characteristics are physical properties?

The characteristics that are physical are its liquid mixture and solid rock.

Which has a higher viscosity, a fast-flowing liquid or a slow-flowing liquid?

A slow moving liquid

After millions of years, what landform forms from hardened magma in the pipe of an extinct volcano?

A volcanic neck.

What is a volcano?

A volcano is a weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface.

Dormant

A volcano that is not currently active, but that may become active in the future.

What features form as a result of magma hardening beneath the Earth's surface

Batholith

Magma chamber

Beneath a volcano magma collects in a pocket called a magma chamber.

As a volcano erupts, what force pushes magma out of a volcano on to the surface?

Carbon Dioxide.

What causes volcanoes to form at a divergent boundary?

Lava pours out of cracks in the ocean floor, gradually building new mountains.

What are the main parts of a volcano?

Magma chamber, Lava flow, Side vent, Pipe, Vent, Crater.

Describe the order of parts through which magma travels as it moves to the surface.

Magma chamber, side vent, pipe, vent, crater.

Dike

Magma that forces itself across rock layers hardens into

Pipe

The magma moves upward through a pipe, a long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to the Earth's surface.

Viscosity

The resistance of a liquid to flowing.

What are two ways in which mountains can form from magma hardening beneath the Earth's surface?

When an uplift pushes a batholith or smaller body of hardened magma toward the surface. And sometimes when magma fails to reach the surface it hardens in to rock. Over time, the forces that wear away Earth's surface such as flowing water, ice, or wind-may strip away the layers above the hardened magma and finally expose it.

sills

When magma squeezes between horizontal layers of rock, it forms a

crater

a bowl-shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano around the central vent

geyser

a fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground

AA

a slow-moving type of lava that is also cooler than a Pahoehoe

Island arc

a string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep-ocean trench

Composite volcano

a tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash.

Extinct

a volcano that is no longer active and is unlikely to erupt again

Volcano

a weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface

Shield volcano

a wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions

Hot spot

an area where material from deep within the mantle rises and then melts, forming magma

Chemical property

any property that produces a change in the composition of matter

Element

any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Viscosity of magma

depends upon its silica content and temperature

Pahoehoe

fast-moving, hot lava that has low viscosity

volcanic neck

forms when magma hardens in a volcano's pipe

Batholith

is a mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust.

Geothermal activity

magma a few kilometers beneath earths surface heats underground water

Pyroclastic flow

occurs when an explosive eruption hurls out a mixture of hot gases, ash, cinders, and bombs

lava flow

the area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcano's vent

Physical properties

the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance

caldera

the huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain

compound

two or more elements that are chemically combined

Ring of fire

A major belt of volcanoes that rims the pacific ocean.

What causes a hot spot volcano?

A volcano forms above a hot spot when magma erupts through the crust and reaches the surface.

Where are most volcanoes located?

Most volcanoes are located along plate boundaries.

What new features form as an oceanic plate moves across a hot spot?

New features that form as an oceanic plate moves across a hot spot are islands.