Volume 1; Units 1-4

What are the three typical symptoms of manual transaxle problems?

(1) Abnormal bearing and gear noises. (2) Shifting problems. (3) Fluid leaks.

Describe three symptoms of front drive axle troubles

(1) Abnormal noises. (2) Vibration. (3) Excessive play in the universal joints.

Identify four functions of a manual transmission in proper operating condition.

(1) Be able to increase torque going to the drive wheels for quick acceleration. (2) Supply different gear ratios to match different engine load conditions. (3) Have a reverse gear for moving backwards. (4) Provide the driver with an easy means of shifting transmission gears. (5) Allow downshifting into any gear while the vehicle is moving, with all gears synchronized. (6) Operate quietly, with minimum power loss.

List four points to consider when diagnosing bearing failures

(1) Check the general condition of all parts during disassembly, not just the most badly worn or damaged parts. (2) Compare the failure to any information in the service manual and your knowledge of component operation. (3) Determine the cause of the part failure. This helps ensure that the problem does not reoccur. (4) Make all repairs following manufacturer's recommendations and specifications.

Name five general rules to remember when servicing a transaxle

(1) Do not dent or nick the gasket ceiling surfaces during disassembly or cleaning. (2)Keep all parts organized so that using parts can be returned to their original positions. (3) Clean all parts and closely inspect them for damage. Replace any parts showing wear. (4)Replace all gaskets and seals. (5) Use special tools when needed. (6) During reassembly, measure all gears, shafts, bearings, and other critical components as described in a shop manual. (7) Measure bearing preload as described in the service manual. (8) Make sure all snap rings, shims, and other parts are installed correctly. (9) Torque all bolts to specifications.

Describe the two major types of transmission shift linkages

(1) On an external shift rod, rods fit into levers on the shift mechanism and fork assembly. Spring clips hold the rods in the levers. One end of each linkage rod is threaded so that the linkage can be adjusted. (2) With an internal shift rail, the bottom of the shift lever catches in one of the gates when the driver shifts gears. Each gate is mounted on a shift rail. Since the fork is located on the rail, it is also moved when changing gears.

List six possible advantages of a front-wheel-drive vehicle with a transaxle over a rear-wheel-drive vehicle with a transaxle

(1) Reduced drive train weight and improved efficiency. (2) Improved traction on slippery pavement. (3) Increased passenger compartment space. (4) Smoother ride because of less unsprung weight. (5) Quieter operation because engine and drive train noise is centrally located in the engine compartment. (6) Improved safety because of increased mass in front of passengers.

What are four functions of the drive shaft?

(1) Sends turning power from the transmission to the rear axle assembly. (2) Flexes and allows vertical (up and down) movement of the rear axle assembly. (3) Provides a sliding action to adjust for changes in driveline length. (4) Provides smooth power transfer.

What are the three typical symptoms of automatic transaxle problems?

(1) Slipping in gear. (2) Abnormal noises. (3) Fluid leaks.

Explain how a continuously variable transaxle can increase fuel economy

A CVT possesses an infinite number of driving ratios, rather than three, four, or five forward speeds. The CVT uses spring-loaded, two-piece pulleys that have variable diameters. The variable diameters and driving ratios maintain the vehicle's road speed without changing the engine or motor-generator speed, creating the ability to keep the engine at its most efficient operation. This may result in up to a 25% increase in fuel economy.

What is the difference between a fixed transmission solenoid and a variable transmission solenoid?

A fixed transmission solenoid can produce only fully "on" or "off' locations for the spool valve to open or close the fluid flow control valve. A variable transmission solenoid can adjust the distance of spool valve opening by conducting different ECM duty cycles or signal frequencies.

Explain the difference between a hunting gearset and a nonhunting gearset

A hunting gearset does not mesh the same gear teeth during each revolution of the ring gear. A nonhunting gearset meshes the same gear teeth over and over during gearset operation.

The _____ must be capable of providing torque to both axles when turning corners

Differential.

The term _________ generally refers to the parts that transfer power from the transmission to the drive wheels

Driveline.

Define the term clutch pedal "free play"

The distance the clutch pedal or clutch fork moves before the throw-out bearing acts on the pressure plate.

What are the symptoms of clutch slippage?

The engine races without an increase in the vehicle's road speed.

What is gear backlash?

It is the small clearance between the meshing gear teeth. Backlash allows lubricating oil to enter the high- friction area between the gear teeth and allows the gears to expand during operation without binding or damage.

What should you do if the drive shaft is within recommended runout limits but still vibrates?

It may need to be balanced by a machine shop that has specialized drive-shaft balancing equipment.

What is the function of an automatic clutch adjuster?

It removes play from the clutch cable as components wear

______ _____ often require a special type of gear fluid with friction additives intended for the wet clutch packs in modern differentials

Limited-slip differentials.

A drive chain is sometimes used to send crankshaft power to the transaxle with a(n) _____ mounted engine

Longitudinally.

How do you measure axle end play?

Mount the indicator so that the indicator plunger is parallel with the axle centerline. Set the indicator needle on zero. Pull the axle in and out while watching the indicator. Compare the readings to factory specifications.

What components are normally included in a CV joint kit?

New joint components, grease, a boot, and boot straps

Drive shaft problems can normally be classified into two categories: drive shaft _____ and drive shaft _____

Noise, vibration.

________ tests are used to determine whether fluid pressure in the various circuits is normal

Pressure.

Rear axle ratio is determined by comparing the number of teeth on the _____ gear to the number of teeth on the _____ gear

Ring, pinion.

The ________ usually has an exploded view of the transmission, showing how each part is located in relation to the others

Service manual.

How do you check for clutch slippage?

Set the emergency brake and start the engine. Place the transmission or transaxle in high gear. Then, try to drive the vehicle forward by slowly releasing the clutch pedal.

The _______ _______ or _______ _______ is splined to the transmission output shaft

Slip yoke, slip joint

A(n) ______ is a listening device that can be used to isolate differentialand axle noises

Stethoscope.

Define the term "gear ratio"

The number of revolutions a drive gear must turn before the driven gear completes one revolution.

If a transmission is only nosiy in second gear, what does that tell you about the problem?

The problem is due to components related to that gear.

What is the common cause of a pulsating clutch pedal?

The runout (wobble or vibration) of one of the rotating components of the clutch assembly.

Why should you use an alignment tool or pilot shaft when installing a clutch?

To center the disc.

How is a dummy shaft used during transmission disassembly?

To drive out the countershaft and reverse idler shaft.

What is the purpose of shifting the transmission into high gear before installation?

To help position the input shaft into the clutch disc during transmission installation.

What is the main purpose of the pressure plate cover?

To hold parts of the pressure plate assembly together

Why is an overdrive ratio used?

To increase fuel economy.

Describe some causes of a dragging clutch?

Too much pedal free travel, a warped or bent friction disc, oil or grease or corrosion on the friction surfaces, rusted or damaged transmission input shaft splines, or other problems inside the clutch housing.

A(n) ________ is a fluid clutch that provides a means of coupling and uncoupling the engine from the transmission

Torque converter.

Clutch disc __________ springs help absorb some of the vibration and shock produced by clutch engagement.

Torsions or damping

How do you check for worn universal joints?

Wiggle and rotate each universal joint back and forth while watching for side movement. Try to detect any play between the cross and yoke.

How does a constant velocity universal joint(double-cardan joint) work?

With two universal joints operating together on one end of the drive shaft, the output shaft speed fluctuations are counteracted, The action of the second joint cancels the shaft speed changes produced by the first joint.

What is a servo?

an apply piston that operates the automatic transmission bands.

Explain the basic operation of a transfer case

sends power to both the front and rear axle assemblies in a four-wheel-drive vehicle.

What major problem is a differential designed to prevent?

tires from sliding, squealing, and wear whenever the vehicle is turned.

When is the center support bearing needed and why?

to hold the middle of a two-piece drive shaft. Pickup trucks commonly use a center support bearing because of the long distance between the transmission and rear axle.

How do the shift valves work?

use control pressure (oil pressure from regulator, solenoid valves, throttle valve, and manual valve) to operate the bands, servos, and gearsets.

What is a stall test?

uses a tachometer to detect transmission slippage or a malfunctioning torque converter.

Explain the two methods commonly used to hold a rear drive axle in its housing

A retainer plate type axle is commonly used with a removable carrier placed on the outside of the housing. A C-clip type axle is frequently used with an integral carrier, and the C-clips are placed on the inner ends of the axles.

What is a transaxle?

A transmission and a differential combined in a single assembly.

What is the benefit of a wet clutch?

A wet clutch does not slip, as a fluid coupling or toque converter may, and is more energy efficient

A(n) _________ is used to apply circuit of a band or clutch to cushion initial application of oil pressure

Accumulator.

What is the potential danger of spinning a bearing with compressed air?

Air pressure can make the bearing whirl at tremendously high speed. The bearing can explode and fly apart with lethal force.

What is used to check driveline angle?

An angle gauge that reads in degrees.

List three common causes of drive shaft vibration

Any problem affecting drive shaft balance, runout, and angle of shaft.

Clutch disc lining may contain _________, which is a known cancer-causing substance.

Asbestos.

Where do automatic transmission fluid leaks commonly occur?

At the rear seal, front seal, oil pan gasket, extension housing gasket, and shift lever shaft seal.

What are the two types of lubricant commonly used in manual transaxles?

Automatic transmission fluid and manual transmission gear oil

What are the four main components of automatic transmission construction?

Bell housing, case, pan, and extension housing.

A(n) ________ switch signals the main control module when the driver begins to slow or stop the vehicle

Brake pedal.

An automotive _____________ connects and disconnects the engine and manual transmission or transaxle.

Clutch

During clutch engagement, oil pressure is routed into the __________

Clutch drum.

The teeth on ___________ gears are machined at an angle to the centerline of the gear shaft

Helical.

A(n) _________ uses a simple hydraulic circuit to transfer clutch pedal action to the clutch fork.

Hydraulic clutch release mechanism

The ______ drive shaft is the center shaft that fits between the two CV joints

Interconnecting.

What is the purpose of using a compound planetary gearset?

It can provide more forward gear ratios than a simple planetary gearset.

What is normally the cause of burned transmission oil?

band and clutch friction material failure. It means serious damage has occurred, and the transmission will need major repairs.