VTNE Dental
How many upper incisors does a goat have? One Two Six Zero Four
Zero - Goats have no upper front teeth (incisors); their upper front mouth is one big gumline. In the back on their mouth they do have both upper and lower teeth. Goats are born with teeth which are replaced by permanent teeth as they age. The dental formula for permanent teeth in the goat is: 2 ( I 0/3 C 0/1 P 3/3 M 3/3) = 32
Which of the following is the correct dental formula for guinea pigs and chinchillas? 2(I2/2 C0/0 PM 0/0 M 3/3) =20 2(I1/1 C0/0 PM1/1 M3/3) = 20 2(I3/3 C1/1 PM1/1 M2/2) = 28 2(I1/1 C1/1 PM1/1 M2/2) =20
2(I 1/1; c 0/0; P 1/1; M 3/3)=20 ~~The formula is designated as fractions to indicate the upper and lower dental arcades. The 2 at the beginning of the formula is for the left and right upper and lower dental arcades.
Which material is used to record impressions or imprints of the teeth for orthodontic evaluation? Alginate Plaster of Paris Casting gel Gel foam
Alginate
What is the maximum time that an ultrasonic scaler can be used on a tooth surface? 60 seconds 10-15 seconds 3-5 seconds [ Your answer ] 30 seconds
10-15 seconds - The scaler must be kept in constant motion on the tooth surface and should not be on a tooth for more than 10 to 15 seconds. This is because heat can buildup and cause thermal damage to the tooth. The water from the scaler also helps to prevent heat buildup. The scaler should be held in a modified pen grasp during the procedure.
How many 3-rooted permanent maxillary teeth are in the mouth of a dog? 8 6 2 4
6 - The correct answer is 6. The 3-rooted permanent teeth in the maxilla of a dog are P4, M1, and M2 (so 3 on each side of the upper jaw). There are no 3-rooted permanent mandibular teeth in the dog.
This 6-year-old Friesian cow has developed a mass on the left jaw region (see image). The farmer reports that it developed over the last several weeks. The mass is firm, immobile, and painful on manipulation. While assisting the veterinarian, you notice a thick granular discharge coming from the mass. The veterinarian suspects "lumpy jaw", which is caused by which of the following agents? Moraxella bovis Actinomyces bovis Mycobacterium bovis Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Actinomyces Bovis - "Lumpy jaw" is caused by Actinomyces bovis. It is most often diagnosed by palpating a firm mass that is immobile over the mandible. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis causes caseous lymphadenitis. It results in an onion appearance in abscesses found most commonly in the neck region and abdomen Mycobacterium bovis causes bovine tuberculosis and is a zoonotic disease. It most often causes coughing and other respiratory symptoms. Moraxella bovis causes pinkeye in cattle.
Which of the following is the correct term for dental decay, causing demineralization of the hard tissues of the tooth? Odontoclastic resorptive lesions Stomatitis Caries Enamel hypoplasia
Caries - Dental caries is the condition where trapped food is fermented by bacteria, forming acids that demineralize the hard tissue of the tooth. Odontoclastic resorptive lesions are a process where the cementum of the tooth is resorbed and replaced with bone-like material. Enamel hypoplasia, is the absence of enamel formation on the tooth crown during tooth development. Stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucosal surfaces.
A 10 year old male neutered West Highland White Terrier with a history of 1st degree AV block is admitted to the clinic for a routine dentistry. All of his pre-anesthetic lab work has come back normal. Which of the following anesthetic drugs would be most contraindicated in this case? Acepromazine Diazepam Dexmedetomidine Butorphanol
Dexmedetomidine - Dexmedetomidine (Dexdomitor) is an alpha 2 agonist of which the major side effect is bradycardia. Patients with 1st degree AV block are often already bradycardic, and the AV block could be made worse by giving an alpha 2 agonist. While diazepam, butorphanol, and acepromazine all cause different degrees of sedation, they do not cause significant changes in heart rate or contractility. Acepromazine causes vasodilation, which can lead to hypotension, but it is anti-arrhythmic and can actually help stabilize the heart.
The tooth crown is covered with which of the following? Dentin Pulp Cementum Enamel
Enamel - Enamel is the hard mineralized surface of the tooth. It is made up of hydroxyapatite, or calcium phosphate. The cementum is the thin calcified layer of tissue that covers the dentin of the tooth root. The tooth itself is made up mostly of dentin. The dentin is covered by the enamel on the crown and by cementum on the roots. The pulp is the center part of a tooth that is made up of living connective tissue and is the softest part containing nerve fibers.
In dogs, which of the following are all permanent teeth with 2 roots? Maxillary molars 1 and 2 Mandibular premolars 2, 3, and 4, and molar Mandibular premolar 1 and molars 2 and 3 Maxillary premolars 2, 3, and 4, and molar 1
Mandibular premolars 2, 3 and 4 and molar - While exceptions do occur, the following are generally accepted and true. In dogs, all of the permanent incisors and canine teeth have 1 root. In the mandible, premolar (PM) 1 has one root. PM 2, 3, and 4 all have two roots. M 1 and 2 have two roots. M3 can have one or two roots. In the maxilla, PM 1 has one root. PM 2 and 3 have two roots, although PM 3 can sometimes have 3 roots. PM 4 and M1 and 2 all have 3 roots.
The 4th upper premolars are connected with which structure in dogs? Pharynx Maxillary Sinus Frontal Sinus Nasal cavity
Maxillary Sinus - The 4th upper premolars (carnassial teeth) communicate directly with the maxillary sinus. In the case of a carnassial tooth that becomes infected, an abscess builds up around the affected root just under the skin below and in front of the eye.
When referring to teeth, which of the following terms describes the portion of the tooth that is in line with the dental arcade and closest to the rostral midline of the dental arch? Buccal Apical Lingual Distal Mesial
Mesial ~~Rostral - Any structure closer to the front of the head relative to another structure Caudal - Any structure closer to the back of the head relative to another structure Buccal - The tooth surface that faces the cheek Labial- The tooth surface that faces the lips Vestibular- surface of a tooth that is directed outward toward the vestibule of the mouth which includes the buccal (cheek) and labial (lip) surfaces Facial - The surface of the tooth visible from the front (same as the vestibular surface but applies mainly to the incisor teeth) Lingual - The surface of the mandibular teeth that is adjacent to the tongue Palatal - The surface of the maxillary teeth that is adjacent to the palate Mesial - The portion of the tooth that is in line with the dental arcade and closest to the rostral midline of the dental arch Distal - The portion of the tooth that is in line with the dental arcade and closest to the most caudal aspect of the dental arch (the opposite side of mesial) Apical - The portion of the tooth closer to the tip of the root relative to another structure Coronal - The portion of the tooth closer to the crown relative to another structure
Accumulations of desquamated cells, food particles, and bacteria along the teeth are known as which of the following? Calculus Tartar Plaque Caries
Plaque - A plaque is an accumulation of desquamated cells, food particles, and bacteria. Bacterial toxins damage the gingiva and oral mucosa. Dental calculus or tartar is mineralized plaque and can lead to persistent inflammation. Dental caries, also known as cavities or decay, are incidents of demineralization of the teeth.
Which of the following species has a double row of incisors? Ferret Rat Chinchilla Rabbit Guinea Pig Hamster
Rabbits - Rabbits have a second row of incisors distal to the proximal incisors. When malocclusion occurs, it is important to trim both sets of teeth to maintain proper dentition.
A dog is having his teeth cleaned and has a discolored upper right third premolar. The doctor would like you to take an x-ray of this tooth. Which patient position would make the radiograph easiest to take? Dorsal recumbency Left lateral recumbency Sternal recumbency Right lateral recumbency
Sternal recumbency - Sternal recumbency is best for the maxilla (upper jaws). Dorsal recumbency is easiest for the anterior mandible. Lateral is best for the premolars and molars of the mandible.
What is the dental formula for the adult horse (i.e. incisor-canine-premolar-molar)? Upper: 4-1-2-3 Lower: 4-1-2-3 Upper: 3-1-2-3 Lower: 3-1-2-3 Upper: 4-1-3-3 Lower: 3-1-3-3 Upper: 3-1-4-3 Lower: 3-1-3-3
Upper: 3-1-4-3 Lower: 3-1-3-3 - The upper quadrant of the horse's dental arcade has 3 incisors, 1 canine (primarily male horses), 4 premolars (including "wolf" tooth) and 3 molars; the lower arcade has 3 incisions, 1 canine, 3 premolars and 3 molars. Not all horses have the 1st upper premolar, the so-called wolf tooth. Generally, females do not have canine teeth.