VTNE Practice questions
What cells are chiefly concerned with production and secretion of antibodies?
B lymphocytes
the anesthetized patient may respond to surgical stimulation if the anesthetic depth is inadequate. Response o a painful stimulus may be indicated by all of the following except?
a decrease in lacrimation and salivation
If the percent dry matter on the label reads protein 45.7% and fat 30.5% what patient shouldn't eat this food?
a dog with pancratitis- high fat and protein diets are contraindicated
high kVp produces?
a long scale of contrast
brachygnathism is a genetic defect best characterized as?
a maxilla that is longer than the mandible
knuckling is?
a neurologic abnormality
A client brings in a dog for a parvovirus vaccine, the only canine parvovirus vaccine in the clinic has an expiration date that indicated it expired 2 months earlier. What should be done?
a new appointment should be made for a date after a shipment of new vaccine has arrived
greasy foul-smelling feces usually indicates?
a problem with fat absorption
Incorrect regarding pyometra?
a purulent vaginal discharge is always present
perineal
a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the middle line of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle; pertaining to the perineum
Tularemia
a severe infectious bacterial disease of animals that is transmissible to humans; characterized by ulcers at the site of infection, fever, and weight loss
Low kVp produces?
a short scale of contrast
pyoderma
a skin infection that involves pus
when a sodium ion is rushing into a nerve cell, the cell is unable to produce another action potential regardless of how strong a stimulus is applied. This time is called the?
absolute refractory period
presence of a myelin sheath on an axon tends to?
accelerate all impulses
Drug not given to gerbils?
acepromazine
acetylcysteine(Mucomyst) is an antidote for what type of drug toxicity?
acetaminophen
drug does not cause the adverse GI effects associated with most NSAIDs?
acetaminophen
what drug does not cause the adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with most NSAIDs?
acetaminophen
a cat is given a drug (methionine) to alter the pH of his urine in an effort to dissolve his struvite stones. the drug has which of the following intended effects?
acidification of the urine
a cat is given a drug(methionine) to alter the pH of his urine in an effort to dissolve his struvite stones. The drug has which of the following intended effects?
acidification of the urine
not a potential toxic effect of commonly used local anesthetics?
acidosis
useful for dissolving urine scale from rabbit pans?
acids
what cranial nerve carries impulses from the ear to the brain?
acoustic(V3)
Butorphanol is an opioid that is often used for its analgesic properties but is also used in other clinical scenarios as?
an antitussive agent
Alkalosis
an excessively alkaline condition of the body fluids or tissues that may cause weakness or cramps
an overdose of a barbiturate anesthetic can be appropriately treated with all of the following except?
an increase in the concentration of isoflurane
which of these bandages should not be used on wounds with exudate?
an occlusive bandage
a blast cell is not a characteristic of?
an old, degenerating cell
Which of the following isn't considered a contaminated surgery?
anal sac removal
not considered a contaminated surgery?
anal sac removal
Neuromuscular blocking agents are used for all of the following except?
analgesia
FALSE about transdermal use of fentanyl?
analgesic effect is immediate on placement of the patch
false regarding transdermal use of fentanyl?
analgesic effect is immediate on placement of the patch.
antimicrobial drugs that work against bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have the potential for causing birth defects or other problems in the host animal if they also alter mammalian DNA. One group of antimicrobial agents known for this tendency is?
antifungals
stimulates antibody production?
antigen
NSAIDS are also called?
antiprostaglandins
antimicrobial (antibiotic) drugs are classified according to the type of organisms they affect, which type of antimicrobial drug would be effective against organisms like giardia or eimeria?
antiprotozoal
which type of antimicrobial drug would be effective against organisms like giardia or eimeria?
antiprotozoal
Butorphanol tartrate is an example of a drug that functions on more than one body system. it is both an?
antitussive and narcotic analgesic
butorphanol tartrate is an example of a drug that functions on more than one body system. It is both an?
antitussive and narcotic analgesic
directional term for "toward the root"?
apical
Nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth through the?
apical delta
nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth through the?
apical delta
fatal reaction to chloramphenicol has been reported in cats and people?
aplastic anemia
vet tech may observe what side effect in an animal given Ketamine as an anesthetic induction agent?
apneustic breathing
spike the dog ingested his owner's cardiac medication about 1/2 an hour ago. The vet instructs you to give him an emetic that may be administered into the conjunctival sac, then flush as necessary. The name of the drug is?
apomorphine
Tendons that are flat and usually attach to flat muscles are known as?
aponeuroses
a focal film distance that is too short causes the radiograph image to?
appear too dark
perioceutics refer to?
application of time released antibiotics directly within the oral cavity
perioceutics refer to which of the following?
application of time-released antibiotics directly within the oral cavity
as part of effective aseptic technique, surgical gowns?
are commonly made of cloth or paper
Absorbable gelatin sponges?
are typically soaked or sutured into a bleeding site
instrument is not a self retaining tissue retractor?
army navy
otodectes cynotis is a?
arthropod
Not a use of anticholinergic drugs?
as an agent to increase intestinal peristalsis
Not an appropriate uses of anticholinergic drugs?
as an agent to increase intestinal peristalsis
ducks and geese that eat moldy feed frequently succumb to?
aspergillosis
what NSAID is administered to cats with a dosing interval of 2 days or more?
aspirin
How can you help prevent strike through during surgery?
assist in keeping the surgical drapes and gown from getting wet during surgery
lateral thoracic radiographs are taken?
at peak inspiration
when "tail jacking" a cow, grasp the tail?
at the base and elevate it dorsally and directly in the midline
when using a gas flowmeter with a spherical (floating ball) indicator, the flow should be read?
at the center of the indicator
taurine and L-carnitine have been found to aid?
cardiac muscle function
Multiple parameters measured to determine a category of shock that an animal may be experiencing. Central venous pressure is high in which type of shock?
cardiogenic
multiple parameters are measured to determine a category of shock that an animal may be experiencing. The central venous pressure is high in which of the following types of shock?
cardiogenic
diazepam is considered to be a good choice in patients when which body system is compromised?
cardiovascular
all adult amphibians are?
carnivores
species that clears NSAIDs most slowly is?
cat
the test that uses an enzyme that causes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hydrogen and oxygen when a bacterial colony is placed in the hydrogen peroxide is?
catalase
another term for a laxative is?
cathartic
another term for laxative is?
cathartic
statement regarding catheterization in female dogs is false?
catheterization is often better tolerated by the dog than cystocentesis
with the heel effect, the x-ray beam intensity is greater toward the?
cathode
regarding the production of x-rays in the x-ray tube, the?
cathode includes the filament and the focusing cup
During an exposure, electrons in the x-ray tube travel from the?
cathode to anode
during an exposure, electrons in the x-ray tube travel from the?
cathode to the anode
Fleet (sodium phosphate) enemas are contraindicated in what species?
cats
Heinz bodies may be a normal finding in up to 5% of the erythrocytes in what species?
cats
fat droplets in urine samples are most commonly seen in?
cats
for which of the following species is ketamine use approved?
cats
occult heartworm infections occur in approximately 90% of?
cats
species is ketamine use approved?
cats
the use of fluoroquinolones as antiinfective agents should be done with great caution or not at all in?
cats
what type of animals are carnivores?
cats, lions, tigers, seals, and weasels
incorrect statement regarding bovine anesthesia?
cattle should be placed in lateral recumbency during recovery
terminal part of the spinal cord is called the?
cauda equina
plantar surface is the?
caudal aspect of rear limb, distal to the tarsocrural joint
if a cat is eating grass, then you know that the?
cause is unknown
cholinergic agents do all of the following except?
cause peripheral vasodilatiion
Cholinergic agents do all of the following except?
cause peripheral vasodilation
drugs classified as ACE inhibitors have what effect on the body?
cause vasodilation
which label statement indicates a prescription product?
caution: federal law restricts this drug for use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian
In what species are the young precocious?
cavia porcellus
The huge, comma-shaped section of the large intestine of the horse that occupies much of the right side of the abdomen is the?
cecum
horses and rabbits are?
cecum fermenters
which of these combinations of digestive structures is lined entirely by simple columnar epithelium?
cecum,colon,jejunum, stomach
contrast study best demonstrates a diaphragmatic hernia?
celiography
root of a tooth is normally covered by?
cementum
dentin is covered by?
cementum and enamel
thoracic vertebral radiographic series should be?
centered and measured at the caudal border of the scapula
what system contains the brain and spinal cord?
central nervous system
A patient is experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest the least effective rout of drug administration is?
cephalic
a patient is experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. The least effective route of drug administration is?
cephalic
an animal that demonstrates an allergic response to penicillin administration should not be given which antibiotics?
cephalosporins
What structure in located at the caudal part of the brain and contains over half of the brain's nerves and whose latin name means "little brain"?
cerebellum
rapid fluid replacement is contraindicated in conditions of?
cerebral edema
Glands that are found in the external ear canal are called?
ceruminous glands
glands found in the external ear canal are called?
ceruminous glands
for what bovine surgical procedure are obstetric(OB) chains used?
cesarean section
dipylidium caninum is a?
cestode
NOT an ape?
baboon
What is not considered an ape?
baboon
what is the morphology of Vibrio sp. bacteria?
bacillus
Your asked to perform a positive contrast study on a pit bull who consumed 4 sewing needles and is presenting with depression, anorexia, and abdominal tenderness and the vet suspects that she has an intestinal perforation. What contrast agent is contraindicated in this case?
barium sulfate
a pit bull is presented to the clinic for a GI study, because she consumed four sewing needles. Given her depression, anorexia, and abdominal tenderness. You are asked to perform that she has an intestinal perforation. You are asked to perform a positive contract study. Which of the following contrast agents is contraindicated in this circumstance?
barium sulfate
positive contrast compound that does not influence the movement of fluid through the intestinal wall is?
barium sulfate preparation
The breed of dog that is considered naturally barkless is the?
basenji
Good client communication skills require that you?
be skillful in the use of words and observe appropriate body language
eating raw or rare meat from which wild animal can cause trichinosis in people?
bear
prescrotal
before the scrotum or testicles
cattle have a visual blind spot located?
behind their rear
Drug to stimulate appetite in cats?
benzodiazepines
behavioral drug group that may be used to stimulate appetite in cats is?
benzodiazepines
mask induction of anesthesia using inhalation agents is?
best accomplished using a volatile anesthetic that is relatively insoluble in body fluids, such as isoflurane
Mask induction of anesthesia using inhalation agents is?
best accomplished using volatile anesthetic that is relatively insoluble in body fluids such as isoflurane
neonatal animals are less tolerant of some drugs than older animals because in neonates the drugs are?
biotransformed more slowly
what is the predominant method of transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus in cats?
bite wounds
a crease in the film after exposure but before processing will likely appear as a?
black crescent mark
cattle add large quantities of saliva to their feed during chewing and also regurgitate during rumination. The most important effect of this is to?
buffer the acids produced in the rumen
Enlargement of what structure is responsible for prolonged retention of the penis within the vagina during coitus in canines?
bulbus glandis
Psyllium and Metamucil are examples of?
bulk laxatives
local anesthetic agent that has the longest duration of action?
bupivacaine
what structure is inflamed in a keratitis?
cornea
in what order does light pass through ocular structures on its way to the retina?
cornea, pupil,lens
typical sources of fiber in dog food would include all of the following, except?
cornstarch
junction where the ribs join the cartilage from the sternum is?
costochondral
What animal has a very short estrus with ovulation occurring in metestrus?
cow (12hours)
Q fever in sheep is caused by?
coxiella burnetti
best view of the elbow is?
craniocaudal
A by-product of muscle metabolism that is commonly used to evaluate glomerular filtration in a blood chemistry profile is?
creatinine
which of the following substances is a by-product of muscle metabolism, produced at a constant rate, and filtered out by the renal glomeruli?
creatinine
Which forceps shouldn't be used to hold the edges of the incision open?
crile
Glycopyrrolate is an anticholinergic with all of the following advantages over atropine except?
crossed placental barrier
term used to describe treatment using ultracold liquids?
cryotherapy
what is a large, thick walled yeast surrounded by a wide nonstaining gelatinous capsule?
cryptococcus
parasite that is a protozoan is?
cryptosporidium species
In what condition should dietary ash be reduced and 5g of Nacl per pound of food be added to stimulate water intake and thus achieve moderate diuresis?
crystalluria
after placing, lubricating, and inflating the cuff of the endotracheal tube, you note a sudden decrease in heart rate. the most likely cause is?
cuff may be overinflated, producing vagal-induced bradycardia
Not effective form of surgical hemostasis?
curettage
not an effective form of surgical hemostasis?
curettage
instrument used for root planning?
curette
term identifies instrument used for root planning?
curette
statement regarding tetracyclines is true?
currently many bacteria are resistant to them
which statement regarding tetracyclines is true?
currently many bacteria are resistant to them
When suturing skin, the needle of choice is?
cutting
Purpose of premolar teeth?
cutting and breaking
In cattle, epidural block is performed by inserting the needle between?
cy1 and cy2
Nymphomania is caused by?
cystic ovaries
nymphomania is caused by?
cystic ovaries
inflammation of urinary bladder?
cystitis
squamous epithelial cells are not normally seen in urine samples obtained by?
cystocentesis
Papanicolaou stains are specialized stains used in which of the following procedures?
cytologic evaluation
occlusal surface of a caudal tooth is?
chewing surface of the tooth
Occlusal surface of a caudal tooth is defined as?
chewing surface of tooth
Gallus domesticus is scientific name for the?
chicken
gallus domesticus is the scientific name for the?
chicken
Which of the following is a zoonotic disease associated with birds?
chlamydiosis
which of the following is a zoonotic disease associated with birds?
chlamydiosis
what antimicrobial is banned from use in any food animal because of the risk to human health?
chlorampheicol
This drug causes aplastic anemia in humans?
chloramphenicol
What drug readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier and achieves therapeutic concentrations of antibiotic in the central nervous system?
chloramphenicol
the antiinfective drug that should be avoided in all food-producing animals is?
chloramphenicol
What drug readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier and achieves therapeutic concentrations of antibiotic in the CNS?
chloramphericol
what type of surgical scrub solution is most effective in reducing numbers of bacteria on the skin?
chlorhexidine gluconate
a common sign of giardiasis is?
chronic diarrhea
True about canine toy breeds?
chronic impaction of incisor teeth with hair and debris often results in a chronic osteomyelitis
decrease in albumin may occur in?
chronic liver disease
Heaves in horses is called?
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
heaves in horses is also called?
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Example of an antibiotic that is considered to be a B lactamase inhibitor is?
clavamix
example of an antibiotic that is considered to be a B-lactamase inhibitor?
clavamox
what is added to amoxicillin to make it resistant to the penicillin destroying B lactamaseenzymes produces by some bacteria?
clavulanic acid
preferred method for gloving is?
closed
in a lateral pelvic projection, the affected limb should be?
closest to the film and pulled slightly cranially
gram positive bacterium example
clostridium
causative agent of Tyzzer disease?
clostridium piliforme
second heart sound is produced by?
closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
Secondary hemostasis refers to?
coagulation cascade
a target cell is also called a?
codocyte
breed of dog that has a blood brain barrier that allows ivermectin to reach toxic concentrations within the brain more readily than in other breeds?
collie
dog breed sensitive to ivermectin?
collie
Extremely popular during the past few years what may be the greatest cost saving feature ever developed for the filing and retrieval of records?
color coding
an acute disease is one that?
comes on quickly
a small south American primate often used as a lab animal?
common marmoset
most important skill that a successful hospital manager can have is the ability to?
communicate well with others
elbow joint is classified by which of the following terms?
compound hinge joint, synovial joint, flexion and extension
which separate financial record consists of a chronologic listing of every daily transaction?
daybook
Last muscles to become paralyzed from neuromuscular blocking agent are?
diaphragm
NOT a potential side effect of the phenothiazine antiemetics?
diarrhea
because of their high fiber content and bulky nature, dry dog food should not be fed to dogs with?
diarrhea
Not an opioid drug?
diazepam
if using a regular disposable-type syringe, which of the following drugs should not be preloaded and left for a time?
diazepam
which drug is used for its sedative, antiseizure, and appetite stimulant effects?
diazepam (valium)
incorrect statement
diazepam is a potent sedative
name the stage of estrus that exhibits the following changes on the vaginal smear; epithelial cell type changes quickly to the noncornified cell, red blood cells disappear completely, and white blood cells appear in great numbers.
diestrus
dysphagia
difficult ingesting or swallowing food
Dyschezia
difficulty defecating
___ is a concern when recovering a patient from anesthesia if nitrous oxide has been used.
diffusion hypoxia
a deficiency in the essential amino acid taurine in a feline diet can result in?
dilated cardiomyopathy
signs of organophosphate toxicity include all of the following except?
dilated pupils
which reaction is the result of sympathetic nervous system stimulation?
dilated pupils
for cats diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a calcium channel blocker is often prescribed to relax the heart in an attempt to improve cardiac output. which of the following drugs falls in this category?
diltiazem
a drop of_______added to the urine sediment lyses RBCs but not fat droplets.
dilute acetic acid
what can you do if the specific gravity of a urine sample is greater than 1.065?
dilute it 1:2 with distilled water
What anti-inflammatory drugs is sometimes applied topically. Care must be taken to clean the area where it is applied because it readily penetrates the skin and can carry bacterial toxins or other chemicals with it into the body. What drug is this?
dimethyl sulfoxide
one of the following anti-inflammatory drugs is sometimes applied topically. Care must be taken to clean the area where it is applied because it readily penetrates the skin and can carry bacterial toxins or other chemicals with it into the body. what drug is this?
dimethyl sulfoxide
nonpathogenic gram-positive rods found on skin are?
diphtheroids
Spherical bacterium found grouped in pairs is?
diplococcus
spherical bacterium found grouped in pairs is?
diplococcus
you noticed that there is a clear line at the top of the shorter edge of a radiograph that you have manually processed. This is due to the area not being?
developed
after you manually process a film, you notice that there is a green area of about 1/2 inch along one narrow edge of the film. This is due to the area not being?
developed or fixed
A dog in shock may have fluid replacement provided by all of the following. The least desirable is?
dextrose
A dog that experiences shock may have fluid replacement provided by all of the following. The least desirable is?
dextrose
Dog that experiences shock may have fluid replacement provided by all of the following. The least desirable is?
dextrose
All are blood borne parasites but which one does not belong in same classification group as other 3?
dirofilaria species
What type of floor is most difficult to disinfect?
dirt
Common cause of streaks and stains on the film from an automatic film processor?
dirty rollers
a common cause for streaks and stains on the film from an automatic film processor?
dirty rollers
you have just completed filling the cuff on the endotracheal tube. The pressure relief valve is stuck in the closed position. Your best option is to?
disconnect the patient from the anesthesia machine
What morphine-like substance found in the thalamus and hypothalamus acts as a natural analgesic?
endorphin
what morphine like substance found in the thalamus and hypothalamus acts as a natural analgesic?
endorphin
lining epithelium of blood vessels is called?
endothelium
a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone causes?
diabetes insipidus
overfeeding of the nutrient class___ to ruminants or horses predispose them to laminitis, or founder.
energy
What blood cell has a multilobed nucleus?
eosinophil
the leukocyte most commonly associated with parasitic and allergic conditions is the?
eosinophil
Most useful preventive measures against kennel cough in a shelter would be?
ensuring that air circulation is good
term that refers to surgically creating a new opening in the intestines and connecting it to the outside of the body or to another hollow organ is?
enterostomy
Not considered an elective procedure?
enucleation of a proptosed eye
A 6 year old mongrel is brought to your hospital with anisocoria, loss of consciousness, and involuntary urination. What is the likely cause of these signs?
epileptic seizure
adrenal medulla secretes?
epinephrine
common benign soft tissue tumor of the oral cavity is?
epulide tumor
most common benign soft tissue tumor of the oral cavity is?
epulide tumor
when taking a lateral thoracic radiograph, you should make sure the spin and sternum are?
equidistant from the table
CSF may be checked for antibodies to help diagnose what disease?
equine protozoal meningitis
most critical factor to expedient healing of decubital sores is?
exposure to air so that the area remains dry
which contrast study listed is used to evaluate the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder?
excretory urography
Which of the following would cause the image on a processed x-ray film to be fogged?
film stored in an area of high room temperature
what condition will not affect the accuracy of a blood chemistry kinetic enzymatic assay?
final color change of the sample
what is not a type of coccidian?
giardia
exocrine glands are?
glands whose secretory products are transported via ducts
Proventriculus
glandular portion of the stomach in birds
Part of the nephron where filtration of the blood takes place is the?
glomerulus
where is the main filtration mechanism in the kidney?
glomerulus
renal corpuscle is composed of the?
glomerulus and bowman capsule
example of a soluble carbohydrate?
glucose
A dog received intramuscularly the correct dose of xylazine. Second degree heart block and bradycardia developed. Based on the most common cause of this adverse reaction, what would be the best therapy?
glycopyrrolate
type of drug that would be most helpful for a patient with a productive cough is?
expectorant
method of urine sample collection would not be associated with traumatic hematuria?
free catch
prevalent
frequent
Measures that help decrease waste anesthetic gas exposure include all except?
frequent changing of soda lime canister
Instrument used to detect subgingival (below gums) calculus?
explorer
what species has ventral midline sebaceous glands that are more prominent in the male?
gerbil
species is least likely to require frequent cage cleaning?
gerbils
what species can have a seizure if handled too harshly?
gerbils
what species is least likely to require frequent cage cleaning?
gerbils
what type of patient's should xylazine be avoided in?
geriatric patients
term for the time from fertilization of the ovum until birth of the fetus?
gestation
a dog got IM the correct dose of xylazine. Second degree heart block and bradycardia developed. Based on the most common cause of this adverse reaction, what would be the best therapy?
glycopyrrolate
oxygen flow rate necessary to prevent rebreathing of exhaled gases with an ayre's T piece is?
greater than 1.5 times the minute ventilation
fiber serves as a major energy source for?
herbivorous animals
What zoonotic disease of primates causes ulcers on mm and tongue?
herpes B
which of the following agents has been associated with causing neurologic disorders in cats?
hexachlorophene
best method to encourage a goat to stand still?
hold up a front leg
washing your hands immediately after completing a procedure is most important in which of the following situations?
holding an animal that may have Microsporus canis infection
Ruminant ova such as Haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus, and cooperia resemble canine.
hookworms
statement concerning zoonotic disease is true?
histoplasmosis is seldom transmitted from dogs to people
fly responsible for greatest economic losses in U.S.
horn fly
Species that doesn't possess a gall bladder?
horse
Detomidine is approved for use in?
horses
in which of the following species is rouleaux formation common?
horses
in what 2 species is cryptorchidism most prevalent?
horses and pigs
Which of the following isn't considered a legal reason for maintaining medical records?
hospital-employed accountants and attorneys require them
not a legal reason for maintaining medical records?
hospital-employed accountants and attorneys require them
You have an instrument in your hand that has 2 sharp sides a rounded back and a rounded point?
universal curette
you have an instrument in your hand that has 2 sharp sides, a rounded back, and a rounded point. You are holding a?
universal curette
Pigs naturally pull back when pressure is applied around their?
upper jaw
carnassial tooth in the cat is also known as?
upper last premolar
The Azostix strip is a rapid quantitative test for blood levels of?
urea of nitrogen
a cat that is too deeply anesthetized, all of the following may be present except?
voluntary movement
Which of the following is/are not a side effect of oral glucocorticoid administration in dogs?
vomiting
disorder common in female rabbits older than 5 years?
uterine adenocarcinoma
what type of preparation is a biologic?
vaccine
A sinus arrhythmia occurs when the pulse?
varies in a regular manner with every breath
Captopril is an example of?
vasodilator
Cardiac disease often associated with severe dental disease?
vegetative endocarditis
vessel normally carries carbon dioxide rich blood?
vena cava
vessel normally carries carbon dioxide-rich blood?
vena cava
NOT a common surgical site for correction of a left-displaced abomasum in cattle?
ventral midline
in what type of abdominal incision can the muscle wall be most effectively closed with one layer of sutures?
ventral midline
most life threatening condition example?
ventricular fibrillation
On an electrocardiogram the T wave is most closely associated with?
ventricular repolarization
T wave on ECG is associated with?
ventricular repolarization
T wave on an ECG is associated with?
ventricular repolarization
lidocaine is used to control which abnormality?
ventricular tachyarrhythmias
in avian species, the gizzard is also referred to as the?
ventriculus
How should a pack be placed in an autoclave for sterilization?
vertical
on a deep skin scraping, sarcoptic mange mites are?
very difficult to find because very few are often on the patient
The original medical record, along with x-ray film and lab reports or electrodiagnostics tests, is the property of the?
vet hospital and client
most difficult to find antimicrobials for?
viruses
____pain originates from internal organs.
visceral
A person who ingests Toxocara canis ova is most likely to develop?
visceral larva migrans
serosa that covers the organs of the abdominal cavity is called the?
visceral peritoneum
What vitamin is also known as thiamine?
vitamin B1
NOT a fat soluble vitamin?
vitamin C
A young inactive, ruffled-looking guinea pig with piloerection and dull eyes is brought into the clinic the client reports that it has not eaten for a few days, is showing a shuffling gait, and is sore when touched at the joints. You notice it is dehydrated as well. The likely cause is?
vitamin C deficiency
the vitamin that is very important in reproduction, is a biologic antioxidant, and is considered necessary for several bodily functions is?
vitamin E
vitamin that is very important in reproduction, is a biologic antioxidant, and is considered necessary for several bodily functions is?
vitamin E
What nutrient is not required for normal horn and hoof formation?
vitamin K
what nutrient is not required for normal horn and hoof formation?
vitamin K
Least dangerous if consumed in excessive amounts over requirements would be?
vitamin b12
tricuspid valve prevents blood from flowing back into the?
right atrium
what cardiac chamber receives blood from the systemic veins?
right atrium
first concern when dealing with any animal should be the?
safety of the handlers
counterstain in the Gram stain is?
safranin
plane parallel to the median plane is?
sagittal
when preparing a direct smear from feces, what liquid should be mixed with the feces?
saline
fluid contributes least to the process of digestion?
saliva
which bacterium that is pathogenic to humans is contracted from chickens, horses, and reptiles?
salmonella
combining form related to the oviducts is?
salpingo-
A horse with cardiac disease may not require a major dietary change. The only change may be to restrict intake of?
salt
what ectoparasite is zoonotic?
sarcoptes
TRUE about scabies?
scabies is transmissible between dogs and humans
True about scabies?
scabies is transmissible between dogs and humans
a curette is used to?
scale calculus from the tooth surface located in the gingival sulcus
FALSE statement regarding scatter radiation?
scatter radiation is composed of high-energy x-ray photons that have undergone a change in direction after interacting with structures in the patient's body
records for what schedule of drugs must be kept separate from all other controlled substance records?
schedule 2
breed of dog born with no tail is the?
schipperke
breed of dog born with no tail is?
schipperke
the condition in which the skin hardens and is replaced with connective tissue is?
scleroderma
If you suspect that your machine is not producing x-radiation what would be the easiest and fastest test you could perform to confirm this?
screen florescence
what is the cutaneous sac that contains the testes?
scrotum
when a cat is to be castrated, the vet tech should prepare the surgical site. the incision is most commonly made in what location?
scrotum
during busy days in surgery, the area in the suite most likely to need decontamination is the?
scrub sink floor and walls
oil glands of the skin are called?
sebaceous glands
abscesses are generally allowed to heal open to provide continuous drainage. This type of wound healing is considered?
second intention
what types of hair make up the undercoat of mammals and are also called wool hairs?
secondary
with regard to the behavior of guinea pigs,
secretions from the anal and supracaudal gland are used to mark territory
Common side effect of diphenhydramine?
sedation
oversupplementation of which of the following can be detrimental?
selenium
after being cited for a first-time residue violation, a feedlot must?
send 5 head of cattle to be slaughtered and tested for residues before sending the next load of cattle to slaughter
Screen type film
sensitive to light produced by intensifying screen
what term is used to describe the ability of a test to determine true positives?
sensitivity
afferent neurons are part of what system?
sensory
A cage of mice is in front of you in which some mice have facial hair missing around the nose. You are best to?
separate the mouse that does not have any missing hair
Hypoglycemia may result from?
serum remaining on the RBCs too long
cheyne-stokes respiration signifies a?
severe cortical injury
type of adverse reaction is most commonly observed when penicillins are administered to rabbits?
severe diarrhea
all are traits of sevoflurane except?
severe heart depression
sialodacryoadenitis
severe inflammation of the salivary and lacrimal glands in rats; caused by a coronavirus
what gas anesthesia demands the greatest degree of patient monitoring, because anesthetic depth changes occur most rapidly?
sevoflurane(sevoflo)
Breed of dog frequently affected by entropion is?
shar pei
a vet expresses concern when trying to decide whether to perform a double contrast study of a cat's bladder. because of the presence of hematuria, she decides not to perform the study. What would be the most probable factor to influence her decision?
she is concerned about vascular integrity and resultant air embolism with the negative contrast agent
if a milk progesterone test from a cow is positive, it indicates?
she is not in heat
animal that has the strongest instinct to remain in a group when threatened?
sheep
easiest large domestic animal to handle is the?
sheep
mad cow disease is thought to have originated in what species?
sheep
Brachy
short
when radiographing a distal extremity, a ___ scale of contrast is best.
short
when radiographing a distal extremity, a ___scale of contrast is best.
short
the femur articulates distally with the tibia, forming the?
stifle joint
A VD view of the pelvis for hip dysplasia evaluation should not show?
stifles rotated laterally
Epogen function with renal failure?
stimulate RBC production and release
concerning physical stimulation of the recovering anesthetized patient, which statement is least accurate?
stimulation should not include rubbing the chest because it may interfere with respiration
into what structure is the drug given when using a gavage needle in a rat?
stomach
location of smooth muscle?
stomach
inflammation of all or any of the mucous membranes of the mouth is?
stomatitis
inflammation of all or any of the mucous membranes of the mouth?
stomatitis
You could observe a Right shift on a stained blood smear of blood?
stored at room temperature for a week
you could observe a right shift on a stained blood smear of blood?
stored at room temperature for a week
dipsticks for urine chemistry analysis should always be?
stored in the refrigerator
the epidermis of the skin is composed of what kind of epithelium?
stratified squamous, keratinized
which of the following is not a consideration when choosing a needle for use in a surgical procedure?
strength of suture material
Fluoride acts to accomplish all but which of the following?
strengthen the periodontal ligament
dosage form must be shaken before administration to an animal?
suspension
joint type is found mainly in the skull?
suture
a surgical anastomosis can be best described as?
suturing together 2 separate structures
A surgical anastomosis can be best described as?
suturing together of 2 separate structures
A 16yr old,3 kg poodle cyanotic with agonal respirations and frothy fluid coming from the nose and mouth comes to your clinic. You should?
swing the patient to remove as much fluid as possible from the airway then initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Not a contraindication for fluid therapy?
swollen soft tissue from bruising caused by trauma
not a contraindication for fluid therapy?
swollen soft tissue from bruising caused by trauma
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for fluid therapy?
swollen soft tissues from bruising caused by trauma
the space between the nerve end and the sarcolemma of the muscle is called the?
synaptic cleft
not a function of the integument?
synthesis of vitamin E
drug most commonly used in treating animals with hypothyroidism is?
synthetic levothyroxine(T4)
after infection is eliminated, the immune response is reduced by?
t suppressor cells
what parasite ova have radial striations?
taenia species
a common problem that results from incorrect restraint of a gerbil is?
tail slip
gravid proglottid would be found in a?
tapeworm
The patient is in an excessively deep plane of anesthesia. Which answer would not be an explanation?
the ET tube is kinked
chylothorax
the accumulation of lymph fluid around the lungs
What isn't a consideration in choosing a suture material?
the age of the animal on which it will be used
one of the main disadvantages to using wire mesh floor cages is that?
the animal cannot create a microenvironment
first dental exam should occur when?
the animal is 6-8 weeks old
First dental exam should occur?
the animal is 6-8wk old
A contaminated wound differs from one that is infected in that?
the bacterial count is lower in a contaminated wound
describe a DPaMLO of the carpus in a radiograph view.
the beam enters the dorsal/medial surface of the carpus and exits the palmar/lateral surface
False statement about pyometra
the bitch that goes to surgery will have only her uterus removed
most common source of contamination in a surgical wound is?
the patient's skin or internal organs
False about eruption of permanent teeth?
the permanent lower canines erupt buccal to the deciduous canines
false about eruption of permanent teeth?
the permanent lower canines erupt buccal to the deciduous canines
statement about eruption of permanent teeth is false?
the permanent lower canines erupt buccal to the deciduous canines
therapeutic range of a drug refers to which of the following?
the plasma concentration at which therapeutic benefits should be observed
therapeutic range of a drug refers to?
the plasma concentration at which therapeutic benefits should be observed
what happens when the film is placed in the developer?
the sensitized silver halide crystals are changed into black metallic silver
furcation is best described as?
the space between two roots where they meet the crown
before making an impression smear from a specimen collected during surgery or necropsy,
the specimen should be blotted with clean absorbent material
hydrophilia
the tendency of blood and tissues to absorb fluid
Translocation can be defined as?
the breakage of 2 chromosomes resulting in repair in an abnormal arrangement
you want to do monogamous, nonintensive, timed breeding on mice. Which of the following statements is false?
the breeding pair should be left together until after postpartum estrus
What is the most significant advantage of using a swaged-on needle as opposed to a closed-eye needle?
tissue is subjected to less trauma, because a single strand is pulled through the tissue
perivascular injection of a barbiturate solution, such as thiopental, can cause?
tissue slough
if the rectum of a patient is covered by a surgical drape or is otherwise inaccressible to the anesthetist, a rough estimate of body temperature can be obtained by?
touching the patients feet or ears
Medial describes a location?
toward the median plane
instrument would be considered sterile on Aug. 19, 2012?
the instrument wrapped in a peal pouch dated aug. 20, 2011
True about dirofilaria infection in the cat?
the life span of heartworm in cats is shorter than in dogs
why is chloramphenicol used with extreme caution in cats and neonates?
the liver is unable to metabolize chloramphenicol effectively in these animals
Base-narrow mandibular canines
the lower (mandibular) canine teeth (fangs) are positioned in such a way that causes them to impact upon the soft tissues of the palate, rather than lying between the upper canines and incisor teeth (which is their normal position)
Sterile water is?
hypotonic
a trauma patient has had a primary survey performed. During the second survey, it is noted that in lateral recumbency the patient demonstrates a jugular vein with normal distention time but protracted relaxation time. This may indicate all of the following except?
hypovolemia
a trauma patient has had a primary survey performed. During the secondary survey it is noted that in lateral recumbency the patient demonstrates a jugular vein with normal distention time but protracted relaxation time. This may indicate all of the following except?
hypovolemia
a trauma patient has had a primary survey performed. During the secondary survey, it is noted that in lateral recumbency the patient demonstrates a jugular vein with normal distention time but protracted relaxation time. This may indicate all of the following except?
hypovolemia
a trauma patient has had a primary survey performed. during the secondary survey, it is noted that in lateral recumbency the patient demonstrates a jugular vein with normal distention time but protracted relaxation time. This may indicate all of the following except?
hypovolemia
red blood cell production is stimulated by?
hypoxia and erythropoietin
high mountain or brisket disease of cattle is caused by?
hypoxia from low oxygen pressure
a healthy rat recovers____ from an episode of sialodacryoadenitis.
in approximately 1 week
Contaminated gloves and gauze are disposed of?
in biohazard waste disposal
pet food labels list ingredients?
in descending order by weight
the vet suspects a perforation of the small bowel in a lethargic German Shepherd and wishes to confirm her diagnosis via a special positive contrast study. What positive contrast media would you use because it is the least irritating to the peritoneum?
triiodinated compound
parasite diagnosed by vaginal washing is?
tritrichomona species
which of the following protozoan parasites of cattle causes abortion or fetal resorption?
tritrichomonas
which protozoan parasites of cattle causes abortion or fetal resorption?
tritrichomonas
Dobutamine is used in emergency anesthetic and clinical situations to?
increase cardiac output
to get more density on a film, you should do what to the kVp and mAs?
increase either or both
metaplasia refers to a/an?
increase in cell growth and multiplication that is not dependent on a stimulus
patients in shock have?
increase in heart rate that then decreases as the patient nears death
if a film is too light, but the image shows adequate penetration, you should?
increase mAs 30% to 50%
in regard to wound healing, it is better to?
increase the number of sutures rather than the size of the suture material
In a healthy animal, diminished water intake or loss of water would result in ___ urine specific gravity.
increased
which of the following does not cause an increase in respiratory rate in an anesthetized animal?
increased PaO2
Acidosis
increased acidity in the blood and other body tissues
halothane concentrations of 1-2% may produce any of the following except?
increased cardiac output
glaucoma is
increased pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye
Which of the following would be least likely to induce diarrhea in a cat?
increased salt content in the diet
how are diseases caused by prions thought to be transmitted?
ingestion
mask inductions are?
more appropriately used in calm dogs and cats
a dog is lying in left lateral recumbency for a pelvis radiograph. The right femur will be?
more magnified because of decrease focal-film distance and increased object-film distance
a grid with a ratio of 10:1 absorbs
more scatter radiation and requires greater exposure factors than a 5:1 grid
a grid with a ratio of 10:1 absorbs?
more scatter radiation and requires greater exposure factors than a 5:1 grid
Polydontia
more teeth than normal
what measure would be on no use in monitoring patients given succinylcholine?
jaw muscle tone
longest portion of the small intestine, where most absorption of nutrients occurs, is the?
jejunum
breed of dairy cow whose milk contains the highest percentage of butterfat is the?
jersey
disease of sheep is not zoonotic?
johne's
height of nipple watering device mus be adjusted according to the size of the pigs in the pen. It should be set at a level that is?
just above the shoulder of the pigs
Sante's rule is used to calculate?
kVp
the exposure factor that is responsible for accelerating the electrons from the cathode to the anode is?
kVp
primary objective of first aid for a critically injured animal?
keep the animal alive
Vomiting should not be induced in patients that have ingested?
kerosene
Agent excreted largely intact by cat kidney?
ketamine
Apneustic breathing patterns are frequently seen in cats with use of?
ketamine
Dissociative anesthetic?
ketamine
Example of a Cyclohexamine is?
ketamine
what anesthetic agent may provide some analgesia in the postoperative period?
ketamine
which anesthetic agent may provide some analgesia in the postoperative period?
ketamine
the colloquial term for acetonemia in cattle is?
ketosis
what occurs in an animal with pregnancy toxemia?
ketosis
nephrotoxic affects the?
kidneys
A benzoyl-peroxide shampoo is used to?
kill bacteria and flush the hair follicles
The acceleration of the electrons and their ultimate striking energy is determined by the?
kilovoltage (kVp)
term for parturition in the rabbit is?
kindling
the rate of an enzymatic reaction is measured while it is in progress during what type of reactions?
kinetic
ferret young are called?
kits
The medulla oblongata contains reflex centers for all of the following except?
knee jerk
surface of tooth towards the lips?
labial
osteocytes are located in small cavities in bone called?
lacunae
Breed of goat with almost no external ears is the?
lamancha
surgically opening the abdominal cavity is called?
laparotomy
high speed film has
larger silver halide crystals than slow speed film, which decreases the detail on the finished radiographic film
Mus musculus is the scientific name of the?
mouse
most commonly used species in research?
mouse
Common subclinical contagious coronavirus seen in mice used in research?
mouse hepatitis virus
aspiculuris
mouse pinworm
Wound contraction is produced by
movement of the whole thickness of skin
wound contraction is produced by?
movement of the whole thickness of skin
wound contrast is produced by?
movement of the whole thickness of skin
Guaifenesin is used in horses and cattle to provide?
muscle relaxation
a dog has had a cast on its leg for 5 weeks. when the cast is removed, the muscles on the affected leg are smaller than on the other leg. what is the term used to describe this condition?
muscular atrophy
an autoclave?
must not be overloaded because this decreases its effectiveness
acid-fast stains are used to identify?
mycobacteria
major causative agent of chronic respiratory disease in rats is?
mycoplasma
Which cell is found in the red bone marrow?
myelocyte
cell that is normally found in the red bone marrow?
myelocyte
the underlying disease for most cases of feline aortic thromboembolism is?
myocardial disease
underlying disease for most causes of feline aortic thromboembolism is?
myocardial disease
The surgical procedure that involves cutting the eardrum to drain exudate?
myringotomy
surgical procedure that involves cutting the eardrum to drain exudate is a?
myringotomy
drug is a narcotic antagonist?
naloxone
narcotic antagonist example?
naloxone
The mitral valve prevents blood from flowing back into the?
left atrium
blood enters the heart from the pulmonary veins in the?
left atrium
incision is the most appropriate for a rumenotomy in a standing cow?
left flank
where do you prep for a rumenotomy?
left paralumbar fossa
An increased number of bands in the peripheral blood indicate?
left shift
The heart chamber that pumps blood through the aorta is the?
left ventricle
the heart chamber that pumps blood through the aorta is the?
left ventricle
which chamber of the heart is surrounded by the largest amount of cardiac muscle?
left ventricle
the breed of chicken known for its white eggs is the?
leghorn
when setting a sheep up on its haunches, you should never?
lift the head over the neck
______should not be used as part of the anesthetic plan if the patient has an intestinal obstruction.
nitrous oxide
associated with diffusion hypoxia?
nitrous oxide
in wet chemistry technology, the amount of chemical substances in the blood is determined by measuring the?
light passing through or absorbed by the final sample
Successful strategies for preventing diarrhea in unweaned dairy calves include all of the following, except?
limiting amount of milk fed
Surface of tooth toward tongue?
lingual
surface of a tooth closest to the tongue is?
lingual
surface of the tooth toward the tongue is?
lingual
drawing a blood sample from an animal that has recently eaten may result in a sample that is?
lipemic
term refers to a benign fatty tumor?
lipoma
inhalant anesthetic drug is biotransformed to the greatest extent in the animal body?
nitrous oxide
anesthetic least desirable in a patient having their diaphragmatic hernia repaired?
nitrous oxide and halothane
how can a drug like neomycin, which has severe risk of nephrotoxicity when administered by injection, have little risk when administered topically or orally?
little of the drug is absorbed through the skin
why is it an accepted practice for cats receiving aspirin therapy to be dosed on a 2 day interval schedule only?
liver metabolism of salicylates occurs at a very slow rate in comparison to other species, thereby making cats extremely susceptible to overdose in comparison to dogs.
in what species would you expect to find a hemipenis?
lizard
you are looking at a radiograph that appears gray overall. This is best described as a?
low-contrast film with many steps but few changes between each step
In isolation unit where sick animals are housed the air pressure in the unit compared with that in the quarters housing healthy animals must be?
lower
compared with blood entering the alveolar capillaries, air drawn into the alveoli of the lungs has?
lower Pco2 and higher Po2
positioning the lateral pelvis should include the?
lower leg perpendicular to the body and the upper leg positioned caudally
which is considered sterile?
lower respiratory tract
PCV of the abdominal fluid of an animal with urologic injury is?
lower than the peripheral PCV
The PCV of the abdominal fluid of an animal with urologic injury is?
lower than the peripheral PCV
extensive aponeurosis that covers the lower back to join the superficial muscles in that area is called the?
lumbodorsal fascia
the extensive aponeurosis that covers the lower back to joint the superficial muscles in that area is called the?
lumbodorsal fascia
the ANA test is the best test to diagnose what disorder?
lupus erythematosus
Bone marrow isn't a major site of production for what cell type?
lymphocytes
the bone marrow is not a major site of production for what cell type?
lymphocytes
what viral disease carried by mice and other rodents is zoonotic?
lymphocytic choriomeningitis
quality control sera used in most labs are supplied in what form?
lyophilized
If mA=100 and s= 1/10, what is the mAs of the x-ray exposure technique?
mA x time(in seconds)= mAs; 10
what unit of measure is most commonly used for serum potassium?
mEq
pole and collar restraint is used for what species?
macaca mulatta (monkey)
which compound is not found in lactated ringers solution?
magnesium chloride
when the object-to-film distance is increases, the image is?
magnified
normal response to progesterone?
maintenance of a pregnancy
what can be done to prevent processed x-ray film from turning yellow over time?
make sure the film is fixed properly
when a male dog is presented to the hospital for a castration procedure, the tech should do all of the following except?
make sure the he is not in heat
Which sex of rat, mouse, hamster, and gerbil has the longest anogenital distance?
male
an adenocarcinoma is best described as a?
malignant tumor derived from glandular tissue
brucellosis vaccination tags are what color and are applied to which ear of cattle?
orange, right
surgical removal of a retained testicle is called?
orchidectomy
in taxonomy wat does the term "rodentia" refer to?
order
the main disadvantage of quaternary ammonium compounds is that?
organic compounds interfere with their activity
which of the following can activate the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system?
painful stimuli
Dysuria
painful urination
one clinical sign of shock?
pale mucous membranes
what reflex may still be present under a light surgical plane of anesthesia?
palpebral
the organ that has endocrine functions and also produces many digestive enzymes is the?
pancreas
parvovirus causes what disease in cats?
panleukopenia
Cats fed only fish would be most at risk for?
pansteatitis
goose-stepping in swine (excessive lifting of the rear legs during walking) is most likely to be caused by a deficiency of?
pantothenic acid
Not a major function of the macrophages or a result of macrophage activity?
peroxidase production
pinpoint hemorrhage of the mucous membranes and skin is termed?
petechiation
if neutrophils are the predominant cell type seen in an aspirated sample, what else of significance should you look for in the sample?
phagocytized microorganisms
common passageway of the respiratory and digestive systems is the?
pharynx
what drug is in the same class as thiopental?
phenobarbital
disinfectant shouldn't be used around cats or other felines?
phenolics
what disinfectant should not be used around cats or other felines?
phenolics
Used to prevent motion sickness in dogs and cats?
phenothiazines
which drug is most commonly used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs?
phenylpropanolamine
What enzyme is necessary for deposition of calcium salts in osteoid tissue to form true bone?
phosphatase
what enzyme is necessary for deposition of calcium salts in osteoid tissue to form true bone?
phosphatase
principal intracellular cation that is commonly measured in a blood chemistry profile is?
potassium
what ion is responsible for repolarization of a neuron during an action potential?
potassium
not a fecal flotation medium?
potassium hydroxide
In most areas of the world, rats are the reservoir host of the plague organism. However in the western US the most common species harboring this organism is?
prairie dogs
ability to obtain the same results, time after time, on the same sample is?
precision
highly volatile anesthetics are best suited for?
precision vaporizers
To reduce intracranial pressure that results from trauma, ____may be administered every 4 to 8 hrs?
mannitol
to reduce intracranial pressure that results from trauma,___ may be administered every 4-8 hours.
mannitol
Breed of cat known for its normally stubby tail is?
manx
large, round, lateral cheek muscle used primarily for elevation of the mandible to aid in chewing is the?
masseter
powerful muscle of the head that contributes to the act of chewing by closing the mouth?
masseter
basophils share characteristics with what tissue cell?
mast cell
a 10 year old Labrador has a soft swelling 10cm in diameter on its rear leg. You obtain a fine needle aspirate, make a smear, stain it with new methylene blue, and observe it microscopically. there are cells with numerous, dark basophilic granules in the cytoplasm and a smudged appearance. Your cytology report should indicate the presence of what type of cells?
mast cells
when taking radiographs, the vet tech should?
maximize distance between herself or himself and x-ray sources
overinflation of the lungs during artificial ventilation?
may cause emphysema
loop diuretics such as furosemide?
may cause hypokalemia with chronic use
true about tetracyclines?
may lead to bone or teeth problems if given to young animals
Statement concerning administration of activated charcoal via stomach tube is least accurate?
measure the tube from tip of nose to area of thoracic inlet
nonhuman primates are routinely tested for in lab setting?
tuberculosis
what disease are nonhuman primates routinely tested for in the laboratory setting?
tuberculosis
Metabolizable energy differs from gross calorie content by?
measuring the usable energy in a food
metabolizable energy differs from gross calorie content by?
measuring the usable energy in a food
in avian species, intraosseous fluid administration is performed by using the?
proximal tibia
Where is popliteal lymph node located?
proximal to stifle at caudal aspect of leg
true about psittacosis(chlamydiosis)?
psittacosis in birds is controlled by adding antibiotics to bird feed
what causes a proliferative otitis externa in rabbits?
psoroptes cuniculi
which of the following causes a proliferative otitis externa in rabbits?
psoroptes cuniculi
artery that carries deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary
what artery carries deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary
In trauma cases, fluid therapy should be used with caution in which of the following scenarios?
pulmonary contusions
in trauma cases fluid therapy should be used with caution in which of the following scenarios?
pulmonary contusions
what 2 valves comprise the semilunar valves?
pulmonic valve, aortic valve
an inappropriate use of a puppy crate is for?
punishing
which of these signs is not an indication of dystocia?
pup or kitten in the birth canal for 5 minutes
to be moved across most state lines or into Canada, dogs must be vaccinated against?
rabies
To sanitize large piece of equipment such as a sheep transport cage you would use?
rack cage washer
Filament of the x-ray tube is the?
tungsten coil that emits electrons when heated
in an x-ray tube, x-rays are formed on the?
tungsten target on the anode
Cholesterol would be found in the highest concentration in?
turkey breast without skin
cholesterol would be found in the highest concentration in?
turkey breast without the skin
value that represent the center of a set of values is?
median
Which leukocyte has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
metamyelocyte
cell that shouldn't be found in the peripheral blood of a healthy adult pig?
metarubricyte
term dorsomedial plantarolateral oblique is in reference to the?
metatarsus
the luteal phase of the estrous cycle includes?
metestrus and diestrus
which of the following comprises the major gaseous energy loss as a result of fermentation in the rumen?
methane
the barbiturate anesthetic drug that can be used in sight hounds for its ability to produce faster anesthetic recovery is?
methohexital
regarding the anatomy of mice and rats?
mice have 5 pairs of mammary glands and rats have six pairs
Spherocytes are_____ when viewed on a perphieral blood smear.
microcytic erythrocytes
an attenuated vaccine is one in which?
microorganisms are weekened but still alive
what fungus can cause ringworm in people?
microsporum
What nutrient is not an energy producing nutrient?
minerals
nutrient that is not an energy-producing nutrient?
minerals
In radiographs, an apical abscess appears as a?
radiolucent area around the apex of the tooth
in radiographs, an apical abscess appears as a?
radiolucent area around the apex of the tooth
positive contrast media are considered to be?
radiopaque, which means it will be white on a processed film
in regard to quality control in blood chemistry, what is not a source of a detectable error?
random sampling errors
false about fast film?
requires more exposure by x-rays
Which of the following is a component of a Bain anesthetic circuit?
reservoir bag
which of the following is a component of a Bain anesthetic circuit?
reservoir bag
If a drug has been identified as a carcinogen what would you expect the residue tolerance to be?
residues detected at any level would not be tolerated
if a drug has been identified as a carcinogen, what would you expect the residue tolerance to be?
residues detected at any level would not be tolerated
if the hindquarters are elevated in a dog with a severe diaphragmatic hernia, what effect does this have on respiration?
respiration becomes more labored
unlike other large animals, horses usually?
respond to voice commands
most reliable sign of inadequate anesthetic depth?
responsive movement
selection of a disinfectant ideally depends on the?
result required
A recently reported side effect of fluoroquinolone administration(Baytril) in cats given SID dosing at a higher dosing schedule is?
retinal damage
a herd of cattle must be moved from the holding pen in a well lit barn into a trailer sitting outside at night. the cattle are reluctant to leave the pen and move into the trailer. how can you most easily move the cattle?
turn on a light in the trailer that does not shine in the cattle's faces
how often should splints be adjusted on foals?
twice a day
An 11yr old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was accidently overhydrated with IV fluids you would expect her urine specific gravity to be?
1.002
which urine specific gravity would you expect to see in a dehydrated dog?
1.060
common equivalent is NOT correct?
1.2 gr =64mg because 1gr=64mg so 1/2gr=32mg
For a given inhalation anesthetic agent, a vaporizer setting of ____ times MAC will produce a surgical depth of anesthesia?
1.5
For a given inhalation anesthetic agent, a vaporizer setting of____ times MAC will produce a surgical depth of anesthesia.
1.5
How many tablets would you dispense for a 30day supply of a drug with a dose of 1 and ½ tablets 3x daily?
1.5 tablets/dose x 3 doses/day x 30days =135 tablets
you are taking the heart rate of a cat. If you count 10 beats in 5 seconds, what is the rate in beats per minute?
10beats/5 sec x 60sec/min=120bpm
you are taking the heart rate of a cat. If you count 10 beats in 5 seconds, what is the rate in bpm?
10beats/5sec x 60 sec/min=120bpm
each French unit of a urinary catheter is equivalent to 1/3mm. What is the diameter of a 12 French catheter in mm?
12 divided by 3=4mm
Diphenhydramine elixir is prescribed at 12.5mg po q8h. The drug is available in 30ml bottles that contain 25mg/5ml. How long will one bottle last?
12.5mg x 5ml/25mg=2.5ml per dose=7.5ml per day; 30ml/7.5=4 days
Each French unit on a urinary catheter is equivalent to 1/3mm. what is the diameter of a 12 french catheter in mm?
12/3=4mm
to prepare 128oz of a 1:7 dilution of iodine and alcohol, you would use?
128 x 30ml/oz=3840ml/8=480ml iodine; 3840ml total volume-480ml of iodine=3360ml of alcohol
given a PCV of 42%, which of the following is the estimated hemoglobin value?
14 g/dl PCV /3= estimated hemoglobin value
Minimum number of air changes per hour required for adequate ventilation in a surgical suite?
15
health records issued for small animal interstate travel are valid for how many days?
15 days
what should be the maximum intensity of the bulb in a safelight in developing rooms?
15 watts
normal average length of gestation in goats?
150 days
Volume of 1:25 dilution that can be prepared from 150ml of stock solution?
150 x25=3750ml
A cat with a gastrotomy tube must receive 300kcal dialy. A 15oz can of the prescribed diet has 1500kcal. The prescribed diet must be diluted 50:50 with water to flow through the tube, and a maximum of 45ml can be given at one feeding. Approximately how many feedings does this cat need daily?
1500kcal/15oz / 15=100kcal/oz; 300kcal needed/ 100kcal/oz=3 oz needed; 3oz x 30ml/oz=90ml x 2(dilution)=180ml; 180ml/ 45ml/feeding=4 feedings
tidal volume for a dog is 15ml/kg. If a 10kg dog is taking 10 bpm, what is his minute volume?
15ml/breaths x 10kg= 150ml/breath x 10bpm=1500ml/min
a 0.25 gr (grain) of phenobarbital is how many mg?
16.2 64.8mg /4 =16.2mg
Recommended temperature to kill most organisms is?
180 degrees
commercial poultry diet contains 18g of calcium per pound of feed on an as-fed basis. If calcium carbonate, the sole calcium source, is 60% elemental calcium, how much calcium carbonate is in 1 ton of feed?
18g x 60%= 10.8g/lb x 2000lb/ton=21600g/ton / 1000g/kg=21.6kg/ton
a stock solution was diluted 1:5 then 1:3 then 1:2 and finally 1:6 to produce a final concentration of 0.4mg/ml. the original concentration of the stock solution was?
1:5 x 1:3 x 1:2 x 1:6= 1:180 x 0.4mg/ml=72mg/ml=7.2%
1 cm is?
1cm=10mm=10,000u(microns) =greater than both 1 mm and 1u
1 cm is
1cm=10mm=10,000u(microns) greater than both 1mm and 1u
A 20 dr vial of digitalis contains approximately?
1dr(dram)=1/8oz =2.5oz
a 20dr vial of digitalis contains?
1dr(dram)=1/8oz=2.5oz
The MCV for a particular blood sample is calculated to be 66.5 femtoliter (fl). This is equal to?
1fl=10^-15L 66.5fl=66.5x10^-15L
6.2g equals?
1g= 1,000,000ug 6.2g=6,200,000ug
A 6.2g sample contains?
1g=1,000,000ug
which equivalent is not correct?
1gr(grain)= "1 gram"=30ml
Solution of 45gr/30ml contains approximately?
1gr= 65mg (100mg/ml)
50g is equal to?
1kg=1000g (0.05kg)
Dosage of 1 tbs daily requires?
1tbs=1/2oz 7oz for a 14 day supply
what volume of distilled water must be added to a 5g vial of thiopental sodium to create a 2.5% solution?
2.5%= 2.5g/100ml=5g/200ml
a growth in the skin is 2 inches in diameter. What is the diameter of the growth in centimeters?
2.5cm/in x 2in.=5cm
a growth in the skin is 2 inches in diameter. what is the diameter of the growth in centimeters?
2.5cm/in x 2in.=5cm
What is the minimum aluminum filter equivalent for x-ray machines with an output greater than 70kvp?
2.5mm
average frequency of ruminations for ruminants?
2/minute
a minimum of how many generations of brother sister matings is necessary to create an inbred strain?
20
a 20kg dog is brought to the clinic because of anorexia and lethargy. Dehydration is estimated at 8%. The maintenance requirement of fluids is 66 ml/kg/day. What is the hourly rate of fluid infusion to provide 2 times the daily maintenance requirements?
20 x 132 (66 x 2)= 2640/24=110ml/hr
a 20kg dog is brought to the clinic because of anorexia and lethargy. Dehydration is estimated at 8%. The maintenance requirement of fluids is 66ml/kg/day. What is the hourly rate of fluid infusion to provide 2 times the daily maintenance requirements?
20 x 132= 2640/24=110ml/hr
Small breed of dog examined in the vet clinic, the pulse rate can often exceed?
200 beats/min
which of the following techniques produces the image with the most radiographic density?
200 mA, 1/10sec
What is the max effective length for a scavenger hose used with a passive system?
20ft
maximum effective length for a scavenger hose used with a passive system?
20ft
how much drug does 100ml of a 10% solution contains?
% means grams per 100 ML =10g
50ML of a solution of 50% dextrose is added to a liter of 0.45% NaCL with 2.5% dextrose to yield a solution with a final dextrose concentration of what percent?
(500mg/ml x 50ml) + (25mg/ml x 1000ml) =(50,000mg)/1050L =47.6mg/ml=4.76%=4.8%
If you measure an animal and set the x-ray machine at 70kVp and 1/60 second and the resulting radiograph is 20% too light, what should the new kVp be increased to?
(70 x 20/100)=14 70+14=84
DILUTION: how much 50% ddextrose must be added to 1 L of LRS to make a solution that contains 5% dextrose?
(what you want/what you have x how much you need)=c1v1=c2v2; 50 x X= 5 x (1000 + X); solve for X; =110ml
A normal CVP range is?
0-10cm H2O
normal central venous pressure readings for dogs are?
0-5cm
450ug sample is how many grams?
0.00045 g
the maximum permissible dose(MPD) for whole body radiation per year in Sieverts is?
0.05
to prepare a dose of 0.2mg of atropine using a solution that contains 400ug/ml, how much do you draw into the syringe?
0.2mg=200ug; 200ug/400ug/ml=0.5ml
a 0.5g/ml sample contains
0.5g/ml=50g/100 cc=50g/100ml
Minimum lead equivalence for protective radiographic aprons and gloves is?
0.5mm
how long does an instrument that is sterilized and wrapped in paper remain sterile?
1 year
the unopette system for counting WBCs used what diluent?
1% ammonium oxalate
when the newborn lamb receives no nutrition at all in the cold environmental conditions, fat reserves last about?
1-2days only
Normal urine output in cats and dogs is?
1-2ml/kg/hr
needle used for a fine-needle aspirate?
22 gauge
Solutions of bleach mixed with water are useful for disinfection for up to?
24 hours
vitamin C levels in guinea pig food decline after how many months of storage?
3 months
For accuracy of a central venous pressure reading, it should be taken at least?
3 times
An anesthesia machine is set to deliver 1 L/min oxygen and 3% isoflurane. Approximately how many ML of isoflurane will be used for a 1hr procedure?
3%= (30ml/1000ml) x 1000ml/min x 60min/hr =1800ml/hr
an anesthesia machine is set to deliver 1L/min oxygen and 3% isoflurane. Approximately how many milliliters of isoflurane will be used for a 1 hour procedure?
3%=(30ml/1000ml) x 1000ml/min x 60min/hr=1800ml/hr
generally 1 fluid oz is equal to approximately how many ML of liquid?
30
A cat on IV fluids must receive 30ml/hr normal saline. If this cat has a drip set that provides 60drops/ml, what should the drip rate be?
30 x 60 ÷3600sec/hr =0.5drops/sec or 1 drop/2 sec
effect of IV administration of any anesthetic drug is usually detected in?
30-60 seconds
If the potassium is labeled 5 mEq/5ml how many mEq of potassium are delivered in 2ml?
5/5=1 mEq/ml; 2ml x concentration (1 mEq/ml)=2 mEq
minimum relative humidity in a neonatal puppy housing unit should be?
50%
you are asked to infuse IV 500ml of fluids over 6hrs. The administration set is calibrated at 20drops/ml. After 4hrs you observe that only 150ml have been given. What should the adjusted drip rate be?
500-150=350ml remain; 6-4=2hr remain; 350ml/2hr x 1hr/60min x 20drops/ml =58drops/min
A dog consumes 5 bowls of water in a 24hr period. Each bowl contained exactly 100ml. If you collect 475ml of urine over the same 24hr period, approx. how many ml constitute insensible loss?
500-475ml= 25ml
what is the fluid deficit for a 50lb dog estimated to be approximately 8% dehydrated?
55lb/2.2 x 1L/1kg x 0.08 (1kg= 1L; 8%=0.08) =2L
total WBC count of a normal dog is?
6000-17000/ul
How long will it take to give a whole blood transfusion of 60ml at a rate of 2ml/min?
60ml/ 2ml/min / 60min/hr=0.5hr
Average gestation length for dog?
63 days
average gestation length for a dog?
63 days
You regularly order six 10ml vials per month of a drug that has a concentration of 50mg/ml. now that same drug is available in only 20ml vials of 10mg/ml. how many vials should you order this month to get the same total amount of drug?
6vials x 10ml x 50mg/ml =3000mg 20ml x 10mg/ml=200mg 3000 ÷ 200=15 vials
how many cervical vertebrae do mammals have?
7
most bacteria grow best at pH?
7
you are asked to infuse fluids intravenously at 60 drops/min. the drip rate is currently at 7 drops/15sec. what adjustment in the drip rate is necessary?
7 drops/15sec= x drops/60sec=28 drops/60 sec =double the flow rate
medical records must be maintained for a certain amount of time. Although this caries from state to state, the generally accepted minimum storage time is?
7 years
the approximate volume of oxygen in an H cylinder is?
7,000 L
total serum protein is 7.3g/dl and the albumin is 3.5g/dl. What are the globulin value and the A/G ratio, respectively?
7.3-3.5=3.8g/dl A/G ratio would be 3.5 divided by 3.8= 0.92
no more than____ nitrous oxide should be delivered to an anesthetized patient.
70%
a 20kg dog is brought to the clinic because of anorexia and lethargy. Dehydration is estimated at 8%. The maintenance requirement of fluids is 66ml/kg/day. To correct this dog's dehydration, how much fluid should it receive over the first 24hrs?
8% x 20 x 1000=1600ml 20 x 66=1320ml 1600 +1320=2920ml
a rabbit needs 300ug/kg of a 1% ivermectin solution. If the rabbit weighs 8lb, how many ML of ivermectin should be given?
8/2.2 x 300/ 1000ug/mg / 10mg/ml=0.1ml
considered the minimal percentage of motile sperm in a normal canine ejaculate?
80%
at what rate should cardiac compressions be administered to a small dog in CPA?
80-120/min
A dog that weighs 10kg would have approx. how much blood?
800ml
A cockatiel needs 100mg/kg piperacillin via intramuscular injection. If the bird weighs 80g, and the concentration of piperacillin is 100mg/ml, how many ML should be given?
80g/1000g/kg x 100mg/kg/ 100mg/ml=0.08ml
a rabbit needs 300ug/kg of a 1% ivermectin solution. If the rabbit weighs 8lb. How many ML of ivermectin should be given?
8lb/ 2.2lb/kg x 300ug/kg / 1000ug/mg / 10mg/ml=0.1ml
A rabbit needs 300ug/kg of a 1% ivermectin solution. If rabbit weighs 8lb how many ML of ivermectin should be given?
8lb/ 2.2lb/kg x 300ug/kg /1000ug/mg/ 10mg/ml =0.1ml
what is a newborn piglet's lower critical temperature?
90-95 degree F
normal body temperature of a kitten during the first 2 weeks of its life?
95 degree F
which metric conversion is not correct?
950ug= 9.5mg 1 mg= 10^3ug
which metric conversion is not correct?
950ug=9.5mg 1mg=10^3ug
a dog in an appropriate plan of anesthesia under isoflurane would be expected to have a pulse oximeter reading of?
97
Average estrous cycle of the dog lasts?
9days
lack of what vitamin can cause deafness, tissue malfunction, and large coarse skin lesions in dogs?
A
The guide for the care and use of laboratory animals is used by what organization in its voluntary accreditation of lab animal facilities?
AAALAC
organization that certifies lab technicians and includes researchers and technicians in its membership?
AALAS
kidney function can be assessed by the following preanesthetic screening tests except?
ALT
What class of animals includes Anura (frogs & toads), Caudata or Urodela (newts & salamanders), and Gymnophiona or Apoda (caecilians)?
Amphibians
which nematodes are characterized by an ovoid egg with a thin shell and a morulated embryo?
Ancylostoma caninum
AAFCO
Association of American Feed Control Officials substantiates nutrition claims by implementing procedures for animal feeding tests
which agent in the table above has the SHORTEST induction and recovery time?
B MAC 1.2 Solubility 1.4 Vapor pressure 30%
Severe combined immunodeficient(SCID) mice lack?
B and T cells
what would not be on a urine dipstick?
BUN
species of this genus are common contaimnants and the causative agent of anthax?
Bacillus
in which of these would you expect to find a predominance of lymphocytes on the differential WBC count?
Billy goat gruff
Bang method is a serum test used to detect?
Brucella abortus
Chocolate agar is used predominantly to grow?
Brucella abortus
a drug that has extreme potential for abuse and no approved medicinal purpose in the United States is classified as?
C1
which agent in the table above has the longest induction and recovery time?
C: MAC 0.16 Solubility 13 Vapor Pressure 4%
TRUE about CVP-central venous pressure?
CVP measures fluid pressure in the R atrium
Ratio compromised by feeding a diet high in bran to horses?
Ca/P
term that refers to an anima infected with yeast of the family Candida is?
Candidiasis
the species that generally clears NSAIDs most slowly is?
Cat
Chronic administration of high dose of glucocorticoids can cause iatrogenic?
Cushing's disease
Blood group of canines that is synonymous with the term universal donor?
DEA 1.1negative
What drugs are considered fluoroquinolones?
Danofloxacin, enrofloxacin
parasite that matures in the lungs is?
Dictyocaulus species
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing
What species has ventral midline sebaceous glands that are more prominent in the male?
Gerbil
Species of reptile that is venomous?
Gila monster
cell component is primarily responsible for concentration and packaging of secretory products?
Golgi apparatus
What drug is used with ketamine or thiopental in adult horses?
Guaifenesin
good cholesterol is a lipoprotein that is called?
HDL
sucking louse of cattle is?
Haematopinus species
lymphocytic choriomeningitis, a viral disease with zoonotic potential, is associated with which of the following species?
Hamster
dairy breed with the highest average milk yield is the?
Holstein
Potassium solution can be administered to dogs and cats without causing severe pain by what routes?
IV and subQ
potassium solution can be administered to dogs and cats without causing severe pain by what routes?
IV and subQ
what immunoglobulin is usually present in greatest quantity?
IgG
What immunoglobulin is the first antibody produced in a primary immune response?
IgM
which immunoglobulin is the first antibody produced in a primary immune response?
IgM-represents 20% of the serum antibodies
pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat
Animals that do not develop a spine are called?
Invertebrates Example(s): insects, starfish, crabs, clams, octopuses
what organ conserves nutrients, removes waste products, maintains blood pH and controls blood pressure?
Kidney
breed of goat with no external ears is?
LaMancha
ANA test is the best test to diagnose what disorder?
Lupus erythematosus
which of the following involves no ionizing radiation to create the image?
MRI
Mammary glands are found in?
Male and Female
A progestin, often used in the past for the treatment of inappropriate elimination in cats, that has now fallen out of favor because of serious potential side effects, including mammary hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma, is?
Megestrol Acetate (Ovaban)
dental directional terms
Mesial: surface directed toward the first incisor Distal: surface directed away from first incisor Lingual/Palatal: surface of a tooth facing the tongue Vestibular/Labial: surface of tooth facing lips Buccal: surface of tooth facing cheek
Word part that means "middle"?
Meso
genus and species name of hamster?
Mesocricetus auratus
fungus can cause ringworm in people?
Microsporum
What cell component is primarily responsible for energy supply for various cell processes?
Mitochondria
parasite ova have 3 pairs of hooklets?
Moniezia species
murine respiratory mycoplasmosis is caused by?
Mycoplasma pulmonis
Principal cation in extracellular fluid is?
Na+
size scalpel blade fits on a Number 3 scalpel handle?
Number 10
the employees' "right to know" is part of?
OSHA guidelines
What type of animals are monogastric mammals?
Omnivores, carnivores, herbivores
Tularemia is most commonly associated with what species?
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Dental formula for permanent teeth in the dog is 2 (I 3/3 C 1/1) plus?
P 4/4 and M 2/3=42
Phase of ECG represents the depolarization of the atria?
P wave
whole blood should be given in which of the following presurgical situations?
PCV 14%
what term refers to an infestation with lice?
Pediculosis
primary difference between an OFA and a PennHIP evaluation is that?
PennHIP focuses on the degree of joint laxity using three views
Mr. Williams just adopted a mixed breed puppy from the local shelter and it was suggested that he bring it to a vet to treat the worms noticed in its feces. Mr. Williams wanted to save money and went to the local pet shop to buy a dewormer. The product that he purchased was most likely?
Piperazine (Pipa-tabs)
Which species is prone to developing malignant hyperthermia?
Porcine (pigs)
all of the following drugs are controlled substances and their use must be logged except?
Propofol(PropoFlo)
lagomorph
Rabbit
all of the following are induced ovulators except?
Rat
in the healthy heart, the heartbeat is initiated by?
SA node
Controlled substances with no accepted medical use are classified as?
Schedule 1
what splint is used on simple, closed fractures of the radius and ulna or tibia and fibula in young dogs and occasionally on large animals (mostly the rear limbs of cattle)?
Schroeder-thomas
location of lymph nodes on a dog
Submandibular : located under jaw Prescapular: located in front of shoulders Axillary: located beneath the armpits Inguinal: located in groin area of back legs Popliteal: located on back side of hind legs behind knees
The following general anesthetic agents can be delivered to effect except?
Telazole given IM
Fungassay test medium is selective for what organism?
Trichophyton
surface area of the small intestinal lining is increased by?
Villi
Lack of what nutrient is associated with prolonged clotting times?
Vitamin K
Vitamin that is synthesized in the intestinal tract of dogs and other animals under normal conditions?
Vitamin K
the fecal solution most likely to be successful in detecting Giardia cysts is?
Zinc sulfate
combination drug Telazol contains?
Zolazepam and tiletamine
parasite ova that has a single operculum?
alaria species
Rubber and plastic articles should be disinfected with?
aldehydes
a diet high in vegetable protein will cause the animal to produce ____urine?
alkaline
which squares of the Neubauer hemocytometer are used to count platelets?
all 25 small squares of the central primary square
endoscope is an instrument used to?
allow direct observation of internal organs, such as the stomach
people infected with dirofilaria imitis via a mosquito could develop lesions in the?
alveoli of the lungs
people infected with dirofilaria immit via a mosquito could develop lesions in the?
alveoli of the lungs
Cats shouldn't be given dog food because?
amino acid content is too low
Infarct
area of dead tissue
otitis
inflammation of ear
parturition in rabbit?
kindling
Hysterectomy
surgical removal of uterus
sterile
without microbes or living spores
Not a characteristic of first intention wound healing?
wound edges not approximated
Basic considerations in planning the physical arrangement of a vet hospital include all of the following except?
•advent-garden design
subQ fluids are usually absorbed in?
5-8 hours
elective procedure
a surgery that is scheduled in advance because it doesn't provide a medical emergency
animals that are free of absolutely all microorganisms and parasites are called?
axenic
Area between thorax and front leg is called?
axilla
Not considered a contaminated surgery?
anal sac removal
an x-ray film exposed to visible light and developed would appear?
black
if cracks are present in protective apparel, they appear____ when radiographed.
black
All adult amphibians are?
carnivores
If a cat is eating grass, then you know that the?
cause is unknown
on what animal would you expect to find wattles?
chicken
the renal corpuscle is located in the?
cortex
Digoxin, a positive inotrope and negative chronotrope?
increases the force of and decreases the heart rate
not an antibiotic?
furosemide
an example of a cyclohexamine agent?
ketamine
apneustic breathing patterns are frequently seen in cats with use of?
ketamine
apneustic breathing patterns are frequently seen in cats with use?
ketamine
which compound can be safely given via IV?
penicillin sodium succinate (antibiotic)
all are old world monkeys, except the?
squirrel
How much drug does 100ml of a 10% solution contain?
% means grams per 100ML =10g
you need to deworm 100 herd of cattle with a pour on product that is applied at a rate of 1ml/100lb and is sold in 250ml bottles. The cattle weigh 825-1050lb each. Approximately how many bottles of dewormer should you purchase?
(1050lb +825lb)/2=938lb x 100 head of cattle=93,800lb/ 100lb/ml=938ml/ 250ml/bottle=3.75bottles=4
tidal volume for a dog is 15 ml/kg. If a 10kg dog is taking 10 bpm, what is his minute volume?
(15ml/breath) x 10kg= (150ml/breath) x 10bpm=1500ml/min
Sante's rule states that when setting up a technique chart, you should use what base kVp for the abdomen?
(2 x thickness [cm]) + 40
nocturnal species
gerbil
absorbs the most x-rays?
metal
xylazine
provides some analgesia
Which of these drugs is available over the counter as an antitussive?
dextromethorphan
most pharmaceutical agents that are measured in grains have how many mg per grain?
60
what breed is usually worked in stanchions or headlocks?
Holstein cow
Anophthalmia
absence of one or both eyes
What device offers technicians the least protection from x-radiation?
dosimeter badge
which drug doesn't have an immunosuppressive effect?
ivermectin
how often are radiation-monitoring film badge reports usually submitted?
monthly
Slobbers or moist dermatitis occurs in?
rabbits
The major source of tularemia exposure in people is?
rabbits
dutch and new Zealand are types of?
rabbits
major source of tularemia exposure in people is?
rabbits
slobbers or moist dermatitis is a condition that occurs in?
rabbits
if stabling horses on clay floors, you should__ once a year.
replace the slay surface
Not a sign of RBC regeneration?
spherocytes
Abomasopexy
surgical fixation of the true stomach compartment of a cow
orchiectomy
surgical procedure in which 1 or both testicles are removed
urethrostomy
surgically creating a new opening into urethra
nude mice are used in research because they lack what structure?
thymus gland
a pharyngostomy tube is used when a patient is?
anorexic
term for red blood cell formation?
erythropoiesis
blepharospasm is a spasm or twitching of the?
eyelids
hormone secreted by kidneys?
renin
You have just administered one tablet of 64.8mg of phenobarbital how many grains of drug did you deliver?
1gr=64.8mg = 1
a 1/120 gr tablet contains approximately?
1gr=65mg =0.5mg
485km is equal to
1km=10^3m or 10^6mm; so 485km=4.85 x 10^8mm
a dosage of 2 tbs bid requires?
1tbs=1/2oz; 16oz=1pt; 32oz=1qt =1qt for a 16 day supply
A dosage of 1 tbs every other day requires approximately?
1tbs=15ml 105ml for a 2wk supply
a 75lb dog must be dewormed. If the daily dose of the dewormer is 1 tsp/25lb of body weight for 3 days, approximately how much should be given each day?
1tbs=3tsp =1tbs
a 20kg springer spaniel is brought to the clinic because of anorexia and lethargy. Dehydration is estimated at 8%. the maintenance requirement of fluids is 66ml/kg/day. To correct this dog's dehydration, how much fluid should it receive over the first 24 hours?
0.08 x 20 x 1000=1600ml 20 x 66=1320ml (1600ml + 1320ml=2920ml)
A 0.5g/ml sample contains?
0.5=50g/100cc =50g/100ml
rank the following greatest tensile strength to least.
1 chromic gut, 00 gut, 3-0 Vicryl, 6-0 silk
to prepare 1 cup of instrument milk using the suggested 1:6 dilution ratio, you would use?
1 cup= 8oz x 30ml/oz= 240 ml divided by 7 total parts= 34.4 ml milk; 240ml total-34.3m milk=205.7ml water
How long does a MLV vaccine remain effective after it is mixed, if it is left at room temperature?
1 hour
how long does a modified live vaccine remain effective after it is mixed if it is left at room temperature?
1 hour
10inches equal to
1 inch= 2.5cm =25cm
A dosage of 2 tbs bid requires approximately?
1 tbs=1/2oz 16oz=1pt 32oz=1qt =1qt for a 16 day supply
a dosage of 1 tbs every other day requires approximately?
1 tbs=15ml =105ml for a 2 week supply
one metric ton of livestock feed is equal to?
1 ton=1,000kg; 1kg=2,204 lb
young of altricial rodent s generally have their hair and open their eyes about?
1 week of age for hair and 2 weeks of age for eyes
a dog's ideal weight is 20kg and its actual weight is 30kg. if each day you fed the dog 200kcal less than what it would take for the dog to maintain its ideal weight, how long would it take for the animal to reach its ideal weight?
1 year
normal urine output in cats and dogs is?
1-2ml/kg/hr
when monitoring patients on fluids and/or patients that undergo diuresis, urine output is an important consideration. The normal urine production for a healthy dog or cat is approximately?
1-2ml/kg/hr
for suturing a uterine incision in a cow, the proper suture size is?
2
blood urea nitrogen of a normal dog is?
10-28mg/dl
when a spinning-top test is performed on a full-wave rectified machine, how many dots should you see in 1/60 seconds?
2
for a given inhalation anesthetic agent, a vaporizer setting of____times MAC will produce a surgical depth of anesthesia?
1.5
up to how much blood could you safely take from your 360g rat when doing venipuncture?
1.8-3.5ml
exposure of personnel to radiation should be monitored if there is a reasonable possibility that individuals will be exposed to what fraction of the MPD?
1/4
If a dog that receives parenteral fluids is pyrexic, how much additional fluid should be added to the maintenance fluid dose?
10%
hospitalized patients that require nutritional support are those that have lost____ of their body weight.
10%
if a dog that receives parenteral fluids is pyrexic, how much additional fluid should be added to the maintenance fluid dose?
10%
if an entire cattle herd is tested negative for brucellosis on 2 occasions,___ months apart, itmay qualify as a certified brucellosis free herd.
10-14
evidence has shown a return rate increase of what percentage range with follow up contact with clients via reminder cards or calls?
10-20%
puppies are expected to gain?
10-20% of their birth weight in the first week of life
Blood urea nitrogen of a normal dog is?
10-28mg/dl
Potassium gluconate is administered 1/4tsp per 4.5kg po bid how many ML will you deliver in 1 day to a 10lb cat?
10/2.2=4.5 1/4tsp=1.25ml (1tsp=5ml) per dose x 2 =2.5ml/day
potassium gluconate is administered 1/4tsp per 4.5kg po bid. How many ML will you deliver in 1 day to a 10lb cat?
10/2.2=4.5kg 1/4tsp=1.25ml(1tsp=5ml) per dose x 2=2.5ml/day
Using the modified triadan system, R maxillary teeth would be in the ____ series.
100
For a disinfectant cleaner to be registered by EPA as hospital strength, it must be effective at its recommended dilution in killing___ of the targeted pathogens?
100%
you are asked to infuse IV 1L of fluids at 25drops/min over 10hrs. After 5 hours you observe that 650ml have been given. What adjustment in the drip rate is necessary?
1000-650=350ml remain 10-5=5hr reamin 350ml/5hr x 1hr/60min x 15 drops/ml=17.5drops/min rate must be slowed from 25drops/ to 18 drops/min to complete the infusion as ordered
your asked to infuse IV 1L of fluids at 25gtt/min over 10hrs. After 5hrs you observe that 650ml have been given. What adjustment in the drip rate is necessary?
1000-650=350ml remain; 10-5=5 hr remain; 350ml/5hr x 1hr/60min x 15gtt/ml=17.5gtt/min (rate must be slowed from 25gtt/min to 18gtt/min to complete the infusion as ordered)
the normal dentition for the hamster is?
1003/1003
it is cause for concern if an anesthetized cat's heart rate falls below?
100bpm
a struggling sheep rapidly becomes hyperthermic in hot weather, because its normal body temp. is?
103 degree F(39.4 degree C)
to mix a 4% solution in a bottle that contains 5g of drug powder, how much water should you add?
4%=4g/100ml=5g/x. so x=125ml
Your taking HR of cat, if you count 10 beats in 5 seconds, what is the rate in bpm?
10beats/5secondsX 60sec/min=120bpm
A 10g dog with a ventricular arrhythmia is treated with an IV lidocaine drip at 50ug/kg/min. How many drops per minute from a minidrip infusion set (60gtt/ml) are necessary if the concentration of the lidocaine is 1mg/ml?
10kg x 50ug/kg/min =500ug/min 500ug=0.5mg=0.5ml=30drops/min
suggested oxygen flow rate for a circle rebreathing system is 25-50ml/kg/min and 130-300ml/kg/min for a nonrebreathing system. What is the most appropriate flow setting for a 10lb cat?
10lb/ 2.2lb/kg x (130-300ml/kg/min)=(590-1364ml)= 900ml
to intubate a 45lb dog, you should select an endotracheal tube with an internal diameter of___mm.
11
A 20kg spaniel is brought to clinic because of anorexia and lethargy. Dehydration is estimated at 8% the maintenance requirement of fluids is 6ml/kg/day. What is the hourly rate of fluid infusion to provide 2x the daily maintenance requirements?
20 x 132 =2640/24 =110ml/hr
a new in house test has been developed with 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity. What does this mean?
20% will be false negative
In a feed that has 20lb of corn, 5lb of beet pulp, 1 lb bone meal, and 2lb of whey, approx. what % is corn?
20+5+1+2=28 total lb; 20lb /28lb total = 71.4%
when does ovulation occur in the cow?
12 hours after standing heat
volume of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is in 275ml of a 12% volume/volume(v/v) solution?
12% v/v/ solution= 12ml/100ml= x ml/275ml; 100x=12 x 275; 12 x 275=3300/100=33ml
blood smear of a normal dog should have what percentage of lymphocytes?
12-30%
Assuming 15psi, the minimum conditions that must be met to ensure that a pack has been adequately sterilized by autoclaving are?
121 degree C for 15minutes
plaster of paris-type casting material can bear weight in approximately?
12hours
6 12oz puppies need deworming medication. If the dose is 1ml/lb, how many ML do you dispense?
12oz/ 16oz/lb x 1 ml/lb x 6 puppies=4.5ml
Six 12oz puppies need deworming medication. If the dose is 1 ml/lb, how many ML do you dispense?
12oz/16oz/lb x 1ml/lb x 6 puppies=4.5ml
six 12oz puppies need deworming medication. If the dose is 1ml/lb, how many ML do you dispense?
12oz/16oz/lb x 1ml/lb x 6 puppies=4.5ml
Number of thoracic nerves dog has?
13
ratio grids requires the highest mAs to obtain the desired density on a finished radiographic film?
12:1
Most efficient ratio grid is?
12:1 with 113lines/inch
Permanent canine and premolar teeth in dogs generally erupt at about what age?
4-6months
permanent canine and premolar teeth in dogs generally erupt at about what age?
4-6months
usual life span of mice, rats, and hamsters?
3 years
When a product is labeled as flavored it must contain at least what percentage of said ingredient?
3%
Minimum # of air changes per hour required for adequate ventilation in a surgical suite?
15
Health records issued for small animal interstate travel are valid for how many days?
15 days
A cat with a gastrotomy tube must receive 300kcal daily. A 15oz can of the prescribed diet has 1500kcal. The prescribed diet must be diluted 50:50 with water to flow through the tube, and a maximum of 45ml can be given at one feeding. Approximately how many feedings does this cat need daily?
1500kcal/15oz / 15=100kcal/oz 300kcal needed/100kcal/oz=3oz needed 3oz x 30ml/oz=90ml x 2(dilution)=180ml 180ml/45ml/feeding=4 feedings
a cat with a gastotomy tube must receive 300kcal daily. A 15 oz can of the prescribed diet has 1500kcal. The prescribed diet must be diluted 50:50 with water to flow through the tube, and a maximum of 45ml can be given at one feeding. Approximately how many feedings does this cat need daily?
1500kcal/15oz / 15=100kcal/oz; 300kcal needed/100kcal/oz=3oz needed; 3oz x 30ml/oz=90ml x 2(dilution)=180ml; 180ml/45 ml/feeding=4 feedings
A cat with a gastrostomy tube must receive 300kcal daily. A 15oz can of the prescribed diet has 1500kcal. The prescribed diet must be diluted 50:50 with water to flow through the tube, and a max of 45ml can be given at one feeding. Approx. how many feedings does this cat need daily?
1500kcal/15oz ÷ 15 =100kcal/oz; 300kcal needed ÷ 100kcal/oz =3oz needed; 3oz x 30ml/oz = 90ml x 2(dilution) =180ml =180ml ÷ 45 ml/feeding = 4 feedings
Film-focal distance for a dental radiograph machine is _____ inches?
16
film focal distance for a dental radiograph machine is ____inches.
16
When taking body temperature via ear or axilla the temp. obtained is usually assumed to be?
2 degrees lower than the rectal temperature
a commercial poultry diet contains 18g of calcium per pound of feed on an as fed basis. If calcium carbonate, the sole calcium source, is 60% elemental calcium, how much calcium carbonate is in 1 ton of feed?
18g x 60/100(60%)=10.8g/lb x 2000lb/ton=21600g/ton/ 1000g/kg=21.6kg/ton
a 30% stock solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was diluted four times as follows: 0.1ml of stock was added to 0.4ml of distilled water; 4.5ml of distilled water was added; the resulting solution was diluted 1:3; the resulting solution was again diluted to 0.06L. The final concentration of the solution was?
1:5 x 1:10 x 1:3 x 1:4= 1:600 x 30%=0.05%
A 20dr vial of digitalis contains approximately?
1dr(dram)=1/8oz, 20dr=2.5oz
number of nipple watering devices in a group pen varies according to the size and number of animals involved. A pen of 20 pigs should have a minimum of?
2 nipples per pen
number of nipple watering devices in group pens varies according to the size and number of animals involved. A pen of 20 pigs should have a minimum of?
2 nipples per pen
maximum recommended level of exposure of people to volatile anesthetic agents in the environment is?
2 ppm
to minimize waste anesthetic exposure in the surgical suite, a realistic goal is to have the level of halothane no higher than?
2 ppm
Cell membrane that surrounds tissue cells is made up of?
2 protein layers that surround a lipid layer
the blood smear of a normal dog should have what percentage of eosinophils?
2% to 10%
dental formula for adult dog is?
2( I 3/3 C 1/1 P 4/4 M2/3)=42
dental formula for adult cat?
2(I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2 M 1/1)=30
a delayed hemolytic reaction is indicated by a drop in the PCV how many days post transfusion?
2-20 days
you are to give a mouse fluids on recovery from anesthesia. the maximum amount of the warmed fluids that you should be giving IP at one dose is?
2-3ML
A normal growth rate for puppies (per kilogram of anticipated adult weight) is?
2-4g/day
if you were going to decrease the focal film distance from 100cm to 50cm, what should your new mAs be if the old mAs was 16?
4.0mAs
Your asked to prepare a solution that contains potassium chloride at 20mEq/L. How much of a 2 mEq/ml solution of KCI should be added to a 500ml bag of fluids to comply with this order?
20mEq/L x 1ml/2 mEq= 10mEq/L; thus, add 5ml per 500ml bag
if a 0.75% solution results from the addition of 380ml of water to 20ml of stock solution, the concentration of the stock solution is?
20ml + 380ml=400ml; dilution =20:400=1:20 0.75% x 20=15%
doctor order an IV infusion to run at 20ml/hr. Calculate the flow rate using an administration set that delivers 60drops/ml.
20ml/hr x 1hr/60min x 60drops/ml=20drops/min
Mice, rats, and hamsters are weaned at____ days.
21
preferred temp. for most lab rodents is?
21 degree C
Diphenhydramine elixir, 25mg po is ordered for a 12 yr old 12.5kg beagle. The solution contains 12.5mg/5ml. What volume should you give?
25mg x 5ml/12.5mg=10ml
diphenhydramine elixir, 25 mg po, is ordered for a 12 year old, 12.5kg beagle. The solution contains 12.5mg/5ml. What volume should you give to this patient?
25mg x 5ml/12.5mg=10ml
The amount of glucose to be weighed out to produce 500ml of a 4.5% solution is?
4.5% solution=4.5g/100ml 4.5 x 5= 22.5g/500ml= 22.5g
The amount of glucose to be weighed out to produce 500ml of a 4.5%solution is?
4.5%=4.5g/100ml; 4.5 x 5=22.5g/500ml
to flash sterilize an instrument, the autoclave settings should be?
270 degrees F, 30lb pressure, 4 min., fast exhaust
You are asked to draw up 2ml of 50% dextrose in water to give to a hypoglycemic kitten. What volume should you draw into the syringe?
2ml
a 300g bird must be tube fed 2ml liquid formula per 100g body weight 3 times daily. 1 gram of powdered formula will yield 15ml of liquid formula after reconstitution, which is good for 24 hours only. How many grams of powdered formula should you measure out for a 24 hour period, assuming no waste?
2ml/100g x 300g x 3=18ml/ 15ml/g=1.2g
according to the national institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH), the maximum recommended level of exposure of people to volatile anesthetic agents in the environment is?
2ppm
how many compartments does a llama's stomach have?
3
cat has which of the following numbers of maxillary and mandibular premolars in 1/2 of the mouth?
3 and 2
suture materials is most appropriate to close the muscle layers of a cow following a left-displaced abomasum surgery?
3 chromic catgut
weaning in mice, rats, and hamsters usually occurs at what age?
3 weeks
life span of a gerbil is?
3 years
amount of glucose to be weighed out to produce 500ml of a 4.5% solution is?
4.5g/100ml 4.5 x 5=22.5g/500ml =22.5g
the effect of IV administration of any anesthetic drug is usually detected in?
30-60 seconds
you are asked to infuse IV 3 liters of 0.9% saline during 24 hours. The administration set is calibrated at 15 drops/ml. How fast should you set the drip rate?
3000ml/24hours=125ml/hour x 1 hour/60minutes=2ml/minute x 15 drops/ml= 31 drops/minute
a 20kg dog with a PCV of 40% has 300ml of blood collected. The RBCs are separated from the serum. What volume of saline would you add to the RBCs to male a PCV of 50%?
300ml x 40%=120ml divided by 50%=240ml-120ml cells=120ml saline
a 20kg dog with a PCV of 40% has 300ml of blood collected. The RBCs are separated from the serum. What volume of saline would you add to the red cells to make a PCV of 50%?
300ml x 40/100(40%)=120ml dived by 0.5950%)=240ml-120ml cells=120ml saline
a 20kg dog with a PCV of 40% has 300ml of blood collected. The red blood cells are separated from the serum. What volume of saline would you add to the red cells to make a PCV of 50%?
300ml x 40/100(40%)=120ml/0.5(50%)=240ml-120ml cells=120ml slaine
to make a solution with a concentration of 15mg/ml, how many ML of sterile water should be added to 30g of powdered drug?
30g x 1000mg/g / 15mg/ml=2000ml
average weight do you expect your male adult mice and rats to be respectively?
30g-500g
Red-top vacutainer should sit at room temperature for ____ before centrifugation, allowing the clot to form.
30min
a cat on IV fluids must receive 30ml/hr normal saline. If this cat has a drip set that provides 60drops/ml what should the drip rate be?
30ml/hr x 60dr/sec divided by 3600sec/hr = 0.5drop/sec or 1drop/2sec
How much urine does an average dog normally produce in 24 hours?
30ml/kg
a radiographic film is underexposed. It doesn't appear to be properly penetrated. The technique used to make the film was 5 mAs and 60 kVp. Which of the following techniques might be chosen to increase the density and penetration of the radiographic film?
5mAs and 70kVp
normal MCHX of a dog is?
32-36 g/dl
normal PCV of a horse is?
32-52%
fluid deficit in ML for a 33lb dog with 9% dehydration?
33/2.2=15kg x 0.09(deficit)=1.35kg fluid loss x 1000ml/kg of fluid =1350
What is the fluid deficit in ML for a 33lb dog with 9% dehydration?
33lb / 2.2lb/kg= 15kg x 0.09=1.35kg fluid loss x 1000ml/kg of fluid =1350
What is the fluid deficit in ML for a 33lb dog with a 9% dehydration?
33lb÷2.2lb/kg=15kg×0.09(deficit)=1.35kg fluid loss × 1000ml/kg of fluid =1350
The volume of stock solution required to prepare 3.5L of a 1:40 dilution is?
3500 ml/40=87.5ml
To mix a 4% solution in a bottle that contains 5g of drug powder, how much water should you add?
4%= 4g/100ml=5g/x x=125ml
how do 3rd generation cephalosporins differ from 1st generation cephalosporins?
3rd generation drugs have better gram-negative activity
a dosage of 1.5tsp bid requires?
3tsp/day=1tbs/day =14tbs for a 2week supply
for dental radiography of the canine tooth, you should use what size of dental film to ensure that the whole tooth is included?
4
minimum distance in feet that a safelight in the darkroom should be away from the work site?
4
what is the minimum distance in feet that a safelight in the darkroom should be away from the work site?
4
the opening of the anal sac ducts is on the rectum at the?
4 and 8 o' clock positions
a chest or abdominal bandage, when applied firmly for compression, should not remain in place on a small animal for longer than?
4 hours
avulsed incised wounds may be closed by first-intention healing
4 hours after injury
How long does double wrapping instrument extend sterility period?
4 weeks
instruments wrapped in a single linen wrap can become contaminated with microbes within 2-3days. How long does double wrapping an instrument extend the sterility period?
4 weeks
when examining a patient, you count 7 pulses in 10 seconds. how should you record this animal's pulse rate?
42 beats/min
average gestation length in a ferret?
42 days
you are asked to give a dog with head trauma 20% mannitol at 0.5g/kg by slow intravenous injection. You check the record and see that the dog weighs 44lb. what volume should you give?
44lb/2.2 x 500mg/kg (0.5g/kg)/ 200mg/ml=50ml
blood glucose level of a normal dog is?
45-70mg/dl
Ideally, the cutting edge of the scaler should be held at what angle to the tooth surface?
45-90 degrees
You need to deliver 450ml of 5% glucose. You have on hand a liter of sterile water and a 500ml bottle of 50% glucose. Which of the following is the correct preparation?
450 x 5% / 50%= 45 ml 50% glucose
you need to deliver 450ml of 5% glucose. You have on hand a liter of sterile water and a 50ml bottle of 50% glucose. which of the following is the correct preparation?
450ml x 5%/ 50%=45ml50%glucose in 405ml sterile water
16 oz bottle contains how many ML?
480 16oz x 30ml/ 1 oz=480ml
when using a direct safelight system, the distance from the workbench should be at least?
48inches
You have an injectable calcium solution that is 30mg/ml how much do you add to 1L of LRS to deliver 4mg/hr of calcium at a fluid rate of 30ml/hr?
4mg/hr at 30ml/hr =4/30=133.3mg/1000ml 133.3/30=4.4ml
How many ML are in a Tsp?
5
recommended carrier gas flow rate for chamber induction of a small animal is __L/min.
5
recommended carrier gas flow rate for chamber induction of a small animal is_____L/min.
5
annual MPD standard of radiation for anyone working with radiation is?
5 rem
A 5% dextrose solution is diluted with sterile water. The volume of the sterile water added is 40% of the volume of the 5% dextrose solution. What approximately is the new dextrose concentration?
5%=50mg/ml x 100ml=5,000mg (100ml + 40ml)=35.7 mg/ml=3.57% round up to 3.6%
usual induction vaporizer setting for sevoflurane is?
5-7%
A bird that weighs 50g needs a particular drug at 4mg/kg divided twice a day. What is the morning dose?
50g divided by 1000g/kg x 4mg/kg=0.2mg / 2= 0.1mg
your asked to infuse fluids IV at 50ml/hr. The administration set is calibrated at 60 drops/ml. How fast should you set the drip rate?
50ml/hr / 60min x 60drops/ml = 50drops/min
which bovine brucellosis ear tattoo is incorrect?
5V2
dust cover extends the sterility time of an instrument from 1 month to?
6 months
minimum age for a cat to have all of its permanent teeth?
6 months
if a prescription calls for 1 tablet to be given for 3 days bid, then 1 tablet for 5 days sid, then 1/2 tablet given every other day for 2 weeks, how many tablets should be dispensed?
6+5+(7 x0.5)=14.5 =15
If a prescription calls for one tablet to be given for 3 days bid, then 1 tablet for 5 days sid, then ½ tablet given every other day for 2 weeks, how many tablets should be dispensed?
6+5+(7X0.5)=14.5
6.2g sample contains?
6,200,000ug 1g=1,000,000ug
how many bones are found in the normal equine carpus?
6-7
for a large dog receiving CPR, compressions and respirations should be administered at?
60 compressions/minute; respirations every 3-5 seconds
a 0.25gr(grain) of phenobarbital is how many milligrams?
64.8mg/4=16.2mg
optimal temp. for housing most mammals and birds is?
65-84 degrees F
The animal weighs 65lb and is given atropine (0.02%solution) SC at 0.02mg/kg. How much atropine should be administered?
65lb/2.2 x 0.02mg/kg / 0.2mg/ml=2.95ml
ideal temp. of chemicals for manual radiograph processing is?
68 degree F
ideal temperature of the chemicals for manual radiograph processing is?
68 degrees F
approximate volume of oxygen in an E cylinder is?
700L
you are asked to infuse IV 750ml of fluids over 6hrs. The administration set is calibrated at 20 drops/ml. After 2hrs you observe that 300ml have been infused. What should the adjusted drip rate be?
750-300=450ml 6-2=4hrs 450/4 / 60min x 20drops/ml=37.5 drops/min
you are asked to infuse IV 750ml of fluids over 6 hours. The administration set is calibrated at 20 drops/ml. After 2 hours you observe that 300ml have been infused. What should the adjusted drip rate be?
750-300=450ml remains 6-2=4hr remain 450ml/4hr x 1hr/60min x 20drops/ml=37.5 drops/min
estimate blood volume in dogs?
75ml/kg
blood cells continue to utilize glucose at a rate of ___% to ___% per hour if allowed to remain in contact with the serum.
7; 10
You are asked to infuse fluids IV at 60 drops/min. the drip rate is currently at 7 drops/15sec. what adjustment in drip rate is needed?
7drops/15sec= x drops/60sec =28drops/60sec(double flow rate)
how many air sacs does a chicken have?
8
the veterinary dermatologist is having you prepare a dog for a patch test. Forty antigens need to be tested, and each antigen must be 1 cm from the next. What size patch should you shave on the dog?
8 x 5=40cm
stomach capacity of puppies and kittens is approximately?
9ml/kg
The suggested oxygen flow rate for a circle rebreathing system is 25-50ml/kg/min and 130 to 300 ml/kg/min for a nonrebreathing system. What is the most appropriate flow setting for a 10lb cat?
: 10lb÷2.2lb/kg x(130-(300ml/kg)/min )=(590-1364ml) =900ml
types of guinea pigs
Abyssinian The Abyssinian has tall round swirls of hair all over its body and come in a variety of colors as well as satin American The American is a smooth, short-haired cavy with a rounded body and comes in a variety of colors as well as satin. This is the most common and calmest of all the guinea pigs. Crested These guinea pigs are smooth and short-haired but also have a swirl of hair on the forehead. A cavy with a white swirl and the rest of the hair a different color is known as a White Crested. Peruvian The Peruvian has the longest hair of all cavies. They have hair that falls over the eyes and long hair parts down the middle of the back. They come in a variety of colors as well as satin and require a lot of grooming. Silkie The Silkie has short facial hair and very long hair that does not part down the back. They come in a variety of colors as well as satin Skinny Pig These are almost hairless guinea pigs. Other than a few short hairs they are mostly naked. Teddy The Teddy has fuzzy or frizzy hair that stands up, like a teddy bear. It comes in a variety of colors as well as satin. Texel The Texels have a long curly coat and require a lot of grooming.
parasite that causes creeping eruption in people is?
Ancylostoma species
which agent in the table above can maintain the patient under anesthesia at the lowest alveolar concentration?
C- MAC 0.16 Solubility 13 Vapor pressure 4%
controlled substance rating indicates the drug with the greatest potential for abuse?
C-2
which agent in the table above can maintain the patient under anesthesia at the LOWEST alveolar concentration?
C: MAC 0.16 Solubility 13 Vapor pressure 4%
Cattle are tested for tuberculin in what site and are examined how long after injection?
Caudal fold, 72 hours
in cattle, an epidural block is performed by inserting the needle between?
Cy1 and Cy2
Certain oxidant drugs can denature hemoglobin and cause production of round structures in erythrocytes called?
Heinz bodies
denatured hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is?
Heinz body
zoonotic disease of sheep?
Johne's
Where is most likely place for a rumenotomy incision in a dairy cow?
Left paralumbar fossa
Which of the following teeth aren't normally present in adult cat?
P^1 and P_(1 )and P_2
Ideally in a patient under anesthesia?
PaO2 should be high and PaCO2 should be low
The parasite also known as the lung fluke is?
Paragonimus species
parasite has ova found in sputum?
Paragonimus species
Direction of blood flow through the heart
Right side of heart Blood enters the heart through the inferior and superior vena cava veins and emptying oxygen-poor blood. into the right atrium of the heart. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve. When the ventricle is full the tricuspid valve closes, which prevents blood from flowing backwards into the atria while the ventricle contracts. As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve and into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated. Left side of heart Pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through the open mitral valve. When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts. As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve and goes into the aorta and to the body.
canine directional terms
Rostral: toward the nose Dorsal: toward the back Ventral: toward the belly Medial: toward the midline Lateral: away from the midline Cranial: toward the head Caudal: toward the tail Proximal: toward the torso (trunk) Distal: away from the torso (trunk) Dorsal: of, on, or relating to the upper side or back of an animal Palmar: towards the surface opposite the dorsal surface of the forefoot Plantar: towards the surface opposite the dorsal surface of the hind foot
the buffy coat in a spun hematocrit tube consists of?
WBCs and platelets
Buffy coat in a spun hematocrit tube consists of?
White Blood Cells and platelets
Which of the following statements regarding avian anesthesia is incorrect?
a cuffed tube should be used to maintain inhalant anesthesia
Which of these ratio grids is most efficient?
a 12:1 ratio grid with 113 lines per inch absorbs more scatter, producing an image with better contrast and less fogging on the finished radiographic film---12:1 with 113 lines/inch
Which statement concerning subcutaneous administration of fluids is true?
a 50% dextrose solution cannot safely be administered subcutaneously
for a sow to exit a farrowing crate, she must back up. What device works best to force her to back out of the crate?
a broom
a standard solution is defined as?
a control used to calibrate lab instruments
freemartin
a heifer calf born twinned to a bull
An oronasal fistula can often occur secondary to?
abscess of the maxillary canine tooth
oronasal fistula can often occur secondary to?
abscess of the maxillary canine tooth
Polydipsia
abnormally great thirst
hyperesthesic animals are?
abnormally sensitive to stimuli
procedure used to achieve surgical fixation of the true stomach compartment of a cow is?
abomasopexy
When calf suckles and ingests warm milk, reticular groove is stimulated to close so that milk and saliva pass directly into?
abomasum
once plaque has formed on a tooth, how long does it take to mineralize into calculus?
about 7 days
the 2 word parts that have the same meaning are?
adipo- and lipo-
placement of a urinary catheter in a male cat with a urethral obstruction usually serves all of the following purposes, except?
administration of in situ antibiotics
placement of urinary catheter in a male cat with a urethral obstruction usually serves all of the following purposes, except?
administration of in situ antibiotics
what gland is the most active producer of corticosteroids?
adrenal glands
Nerve fibers that carry information to the brain are termed?
afferent
film is most sensitive?
after exposure but before processing
not an unlawful interview question
age
Volume of blood given to patient is determined by all of following except?
age of recipient
contrast medium listed appears radiolucent on the finished radiographic film?
air
In what class of antibiotic drugs are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity potential side effects?
aminoglycosides
What class of antibiotic drugs are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity potential side effects?
aminoglycosides
antimicrobial drugs like neomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin each belong to what group of antibiotics?
aminoglycosides
in what class of antibiotic drugs are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity potential side effects?
aminoglycosides
What insecticide is effective in treating demodectic mange?
amitraz
fluid samples collected through fine-needle aspiration should be collected into?
an EDTA tube
When would a vet definitely NOT be held liable for damages?
an animal dies as a result of the client's not following written directions relating to treatment
breed of cattle is a beef breed?
angus
polydipsia
animal drinking more water than normal
abdominal radiographs are best taken when the?
animal exhales
Department within the USDA that is responsible for administering the animal welfare act is?
animal plant and health inspection service
Axenic
animals that are free of absolutely all microorganisms and parasites
the technique chart should be modified by increasing the mAs by 50% for which of the following patients?
animals with ascites
Intraosseous infusion can be used in all of the following cases except?
animals with septicemia
The tungsten plate target is located where on the x-ray machine?
anode
sex of a juvenile chinchilla is determined by?
anogenital distance
Cimetidine and ranitidine are often called H2 blockers, traditionally referred to as histamine receptors. For what effect are they used?
antacid
cimetidine and ranitidine are often call H2 blockers, traditionally referred to as histamine receptors. For what effect are they used?
antacid
works in opposition to the prime mover, relaxing as the prime mover is contracting?
antagonist
Malocclusion in which one or more of the upper incisor teeth are caudal to the lower incisors?
anterior crossbite
When one or more of the upper incisors rest caudally to the lower incisors and the rest of the occlusion is normal?
anterior crossbite
Bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient in a common over-the-counter (OTC) preparation used for some types of GI disease for what effect?
antidiarrheic
The proper site for intraperitoneal injection is?
at the level of the umbilicus to the R or L of the midline
difficult standing is?
ataxia
Antagonist of domitor?
atipamezole
The first cervical vertebra, C1 is referred to as the?
atlas
first cervical vertebra, C1, is referred to as the?
atlas
prolonged inactivity causes a decrease in muscle size, which is called?
atrophy
anticholinergic drug example?
atropine
Kidney disease leads to accumulation of metabolic waste in the blood, a condition known as?
azotemia
why is apnea sometimes prolonged after barbiturates are administered too rapidly?
barbiturates suppress the respiratory center, making it less sensitive to carbon dioxide
which contrast procedure generally uses both positive and negative contrast media?
barium enema
shepherd's crook is used around the?
back leg
best method of handling an extremely agitated cat?
back off and allow the cat to calm down
abdominal palpation in large animals is correctly termed?
ballottement
seen in degenerative left shift?
bands outnumber mature neutrophils
The least desirable anesthetic protocol for an emergency cesarean section is?
barbiturate anesthetic
least desirable anesthetic protocol for an emergency C-section is?
barbiturate anesthetic
for a DV view of the entire skull, you should center the primary beam?
between lateral canthi on sagittal crest
intercostal
between the ribs
the most common arrhythmia associated with use of thiobarbiturates in dogs during induction of anesthesia is?
bigeminy
Schiff scherrington motor posture?
bilateral extensor rigidity of forelimbs and bilaterally flaccid or paralyzed hind limbs or both
what is a useful liver test not found on most in-house panels?
bile acids
EDTA, sodium citrate, and sodium oxalate anticoagulants work by?
binding calcium
which of the following is not a normal function of the liver in an adult animal?
blood cell formation
How do you determine sex of a parrot?
blood test
ecchymosis
blood under the skin produced by ruptured blood vessels in the area
Dermis Layer contains?
blood vessels
nitrous oxide cylinders are painted what color?
blue
what is the standard color of medical nitrous oxide cylinders, and what is the pressure in a full cylinder?
blue; 750psi
male guinea pig is called a?
boar
Chemotherapy medications are dosed by?
body surface area
chemotherapy medications are dosed by?
body surface area
chlorhexidine contributes to dental prophylaxis by?
bonding to the cell membrane and inhibiting bacterial growth
storage pool of granulocytes found?
bone marrow
what breed of dog is more commonly born by cesarean section?
boston terrier
not recommended for a weak foal?
bottle feeding
disease of cattle cannot be prevented by vaccination?
botulism
A nonslip knot or hitch that is safe to place around an animal's neck is the?
bowline
a nonslip knot or hitch that is safe to place around an animal's neck is the?
bowline
knot or hitch that can be used for breeding hobbles is a?
bowline on a bight
the knot or hitch that can be used for breeding hobbles is a?
bowline on a bight
Term for abnormally short mandible?
brachy= short gnath=jaw = brachygnathism
Breed of beef cattle noted for its heat tolerance is the?
brahman
the mucous membranes of a dog in septic shock are?
brick red
birds are attracted to?
brightly colored feed
After tracheal intubation in a 3kg cat you notice extreme respiratory distress. The most likely cause is?
bronchial intubation
chocolate agar is used predominantly to grow?
brucella abortus
What disease can cause cyclic fever in people and can be contracted from cattle?
brucellosis
lab test evaluates primary hemostasis?
buccal mucosal bleeding time
heaviest calculus deposition in dogs and cats is typically located on the?
buccal surfaces of the upper cheek teeth
Proper dental term for describing a tooth surface?
buccal-facing the cheek
normal scissor occlusion is when the maxillary fourth premolars occlude?
buccally to the mandibular first molar
which structures are listed in order in which they are encountered by a blood cell?
capillaries, veins, heart, arteries
The lymphatic system is NOT involved in?
carbohydrate transport
lymphatic system not involved in?
carbohydrate transport
What nutrient represents the greatest fraction of dairy cattle diets after weaning and is essential to optimizing milk production?
carbohydrates
nutrient makes up the greatest part of most dog rations and supplies energy?
carbohydrates
what nutrient represents the greatest fraction of dairy cattle diets after weaning and is essential to optimizing milk production?
carbohydrates
Sudden ration changes would NOT cause?
cachexia
An all meat diet will cause a deficiency in?
calcium
all meat diet will cause a deficiency in?
calcium
an example of a dietary macromineral?
calcium
example of a dietary macromineral?
calcium
what ion increases with malignancy, particularly with lymphosarcoma?
calcium
minerals that make up bone?
calcium and phosphorus
what term identifies the hard, mineralized substance on the tooth surface?
calculus
causes diarrhea in dogs and humans?
campylobacter
what causes diarrhea in dogs and humans?
campylobacter
Mean arterial blood pressure of the isoflurane anesthetized horse?
can be used as an indication of anesthetic depth
a curette
can be used either supragingivally or subgingivally
pasteurellosis
can produce rhinitis, torticollis, abscesses, and vaginal discharge
pasturellosis
can produce rhinitis, torticollis, abscesses, and vaginal discharge
term that refers to an animal infected with yeast of the family Candida is
candidiasis
term that refers to an animal infected with yeast of the family Candida is?
candidiasis
what domestic species lacks the bulbourethral gland, also called "Cowper gland"?
canine
What doesn't require a valid vet-client-patient relationship for dispensing?
canine parvo vaccine
feline distemper is caused by the same type of organism as what canine disease?
canine parvovirus
Which of the following doesn't require a valid vet-client-patient relationship for dispensing?
canine parvovirus vaccine
which of the following does not require a valid vet-client-patient relationship for dispensing?
canine parvovirus vaccine
teeth not present in all common domestic animals
canines
written job descriptions?
cannot legally state that a disability would make a job candidate unacceptable
Common mite of a hedgehog?
caparinia
common mite of hedgehog is?
caparinia
What part of the eye can be used to indicate fluid overload?
conjunctiva
which of the following is not normally present in stage IV of general anesthesia?
constricted pupils
What doesn't result in glucose in the blood?
conversion of fatty acids to glucose via gluconeogenesis in the liver
which of the following does not result in glucose in the blood?
conversion of fatty acids to glucose via gluconeogenesis in the liver
the pulp of the tooth has which of the following functions?
contains blood vessels and nerves that provide nutrition and sensation to the tooth
Pulp of tooth has what functions?
contains blood vessels and nerves that provide nutrition and sensation to tooth
A wet to dry bandage is best for what type of wounds?
contaminated wounds that need to be debrided
Route of administration of amikacin or gentamicin causes the highest risk for nephrotoxicity?
continuous intravenous infusion
An animal that suffers from this condition is having difficulty ingesting or swallowing food?
dysphagia
a safelight illumination test was performed in the darkroom. On processing the film, you see various gradations of blackness on your film. The area exposed for the longest period of time is?
darkest
Higher the hematocrit and TP values the greater the degree of?
dehydration
difficult breathing
dyspnea
decreased TP can suggest all of the following, except?
dehydration
low environmental humidity puts neonatal puppies and kittens at risk for?
dehydration
breed of dog that frequently has urate crystals in its urine is the?
dalmation
A chewing louse of cattle is?
damalinia species
a chewing louse of cattle is?
damalinia species
Before its taken into the surgery room, portable equipment should be?
damp dusted with a disinfectant
anticholinergic drugs like atropine, aminopentamide(Centrine), or isopropamide(Darbazine) are expected to have what effect on the GI tract?
decrease bowel motility
opiod drugs such as paregoric and loperamide are often used as antidiarrheals. what is their main effect on the GI tract?
decrease diarrhea by increasing segmental mixing contractions
opioid drugs such as paregoric and loperamide are often used as antidiarrheals. What is their main effect on the GI tract?
decrease diarrhea by increasing segmental mixing contractions
anemia
decrease in RBCs
what do progestins do?
decrease motility of the uterine muscles
Because of the relationship between mA and mAs, as you increase the mA, you can?
decrease the length of the exposure, so that there is less chance of movement
because digoxin has a narrow therapeutic index, a vet tech and owners of animals that receive digoxin must be able to detect early signs of digoxin toxicity, such as?
decreased appetite, anorexia, diarrhea, and vomiting
most common cause of hypochromia in erythrocytes?
decreased hemoglobin
Hypoventilation that occurs in anesthetized patient is characterized by?
decreased oxygen levels and increased CO2 levels
a CRT that is over 2 seconds indicates?
decreased peripheral blood perfusion
What are the effects of parasympathetic NS stimulation on heart?
decreased rate and decreased force of contractions
within the past few years there have been reports of dogs having adverse reactions to sulfadiazine, a very commonly used sulfonamide. What reaction should clients and veterinary professionals watch for?
decreased tear production
the category of drugs classified as ACE inhibitors has which of the following effects on the body?
decreases preload and afterload on the heart
use of nitrous oxide in anesthesia?
decreases the amount of inhalation anesthetic required
How deep should you scrape skin for fungal culture?
deep scraping after surgical scrub
Goiter can be caused by?
deficiency of iodine
branchlike structures that conduct impulses toward the nerve cell body are called?
dendrites
Nonscreen film would most likely be used to take what type of radiograph?
dental
As part of normal tooth growth what part of the tooth thickens?
dentin
as part of normal tooth growth, what part of the tooth thickens?
dentin
bulk of a tooth is composed of?
dentin
bulk of tooth is composed of?
dentin
If the lower incisors seem to be excessively loose in a brachycephalic or miniature breed dog?
depth of the gingival sulcus should be tested
which of the following is not a factor influencing the formation of exuberant granulation tissue?
depth of the wound
if swine are derived of water for an extended period, they may?
develop sodium chloride toxicity
you notice that there is a clear line at the top of the shorter edge of a radiograph that you have manually processed. This is due to the area not being?
developed
pathogenic?
disease causing
a product that destroys 100% of bacteria is classified as a?
disinfectant
Proptosis
displacement or bulging of the eye
Whole blood is indicated over packed RBC in what case?
disseminated intravascular coagulation
whole blood is indicated over packed red blood cells in what case?
disseminated intravascular coagulation
foot is ________ relative to the knee.
distal
only radiographic view that can be made with a true parallel technique is?
distal mandibular view
using the dissection method, which parts of the distal forelimb are removed in an onychectomy?
distal phalanx and nail
proper dental term for describing a tooth surface?
distal-farthest from midline
a client bring her new 7 week old puppy into the clinic and is curious about the ideal vaccination schedule for her pet. You tell her that the ideal schedule is?
distemper at 8,12, and 16 weeks with rabies at 12+ weeks
main reason that generic forms of drugs are less expensive than trademark name drugs is because generic brands?
do not incur the expense of developing a new drug
regeneration of cardiac muscle fibers following injury?
does not occur
the 1985 amendment to the Animal Welfare Act provided standards for the exercise of?
dogs
cheyletiella mites use___as their hosts.
dogs,cats, and rabbits
word part that means "long" is?
dolicho
FALSE statement
dopamine is an analeptic stimulant
a characteristic that distinguishes lagomorphs from rodents is?
double pair of upper incisors
characteristic that distinguishes lagomorphs form rodents is?
double pair of upper incisors
recommended dosage for intratracheal drug administration during cardiac arrest?
double the IV dosage
Drug useful in the treatment of prolonged anesthetic recoveries?
doxapram
respiratory stimulant drug?
doxapram
true about multidrug chemotherapeutic protocols?
drugs are usually selected that work in different parts of the cell cycle
Which routine has greatest capacity to reduce pain and muscle spasm?
dry heat
when doing physical therapy, which routine has the greatest capacity to reduce pain and muscle spasm?
dry heat
which of the following lists the sections of the small intestine in order from anterior to posterior?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
breed of pig that is red is the?
duroc
smallest hamster is the?
dwarf
difficult defecating is?
dyschezia
Which is the most common sign of ear mite infestation in cats?
ear flap hematomas
how can a person develop sarcocystosis?
eating contaminated beef
blood under the skin produced by ruptured blood vessels in the area is known as?
ecchymosis
Condition must be reported to department of health?
echinococcosis
what condition must be reported to the department of health?
echinococcosis
people may serve as the intermediate host of?
echinococcus granulosus
which of these tapeworms uses people as intermediate hosts and causes the disease known as hydatid disease?
echinococcus granulosus
A displaced or malpositioned organ is referred to as?
ectopic
decreased osmotic pressure in blood would cause?
edema in tissues and/or lungs
Pulmonary edema
effusion of fluid into the alveoli
pulmonary edema
effusion of fluid into the alveoli
what is pulmonary edema?
effusion of fluid into the alveoli
sling used to stabilize the coxofemoral joint?
ehmer
An intracellular parasite which appears as a structure called morula found in the cytoplasm of leukocytes is?
ehrlichia
tick borne organism found in dogs?
ehrlichia
coccidia of rabbit is?
eimeria
coccidian of the rabbit is?
eimeria
an increase in unconjucated bilirubin may be the result of?
either hepatic or prehepatic failure
A rat is hunched up In front of you with dyspnea, inactivity, ruffled hair coat, wheezy sounding lungs, and nasal and ocular discharge of slightly red color. There isn't photophobia or a swollen neck. The vet suspects?
either sendai virus or MRM
To determine whether an animal had an ununited anconeal process, the vet would want you to x-ray the?
elbow
to determine whether an animal has an ununited anconeal process, the vet would want you to x-ray the?
elbow
the periodontium includes the periodontal ligament and all of the following except?
enamel
A dog that was exposed to distemper perinatally may develop which of the following oral pathologic conditions?
enamel hypoplasia
Also called distemper teeth, the name for a condition where secretions of the tooth enamel are reduced or missing is?
enamel hypoplasia
Also called distemper teeth, the name for a condition where sections of the tooth enamel are reduced or missing is?
enamel hypoplasia
periodic elimination of excess gas from the ruminant forestomach is termed?
eructation
What part of the CBC cannot be done manually with adequate accuracy?
erythrocyte count
What marrow finding is consistent with a responsive anemia?
erythroid hyperplasia
The process or structure in a newborn ruminant animal that allows milk to bypass the rumen and reticulum and go directly to the omasum is the?
esophageal groove
reproductive hormone can cause severe (and sometimes fatal) aplastic anemia or open-cervix pyometra several weeks after it has been given?
estradiol cypionate
what reproductive hormone can cause severe(and sometimes fatal) aplastic anemia or open-cervix pyometra several weeks after it has been given?
estradiol cypionate
time period from the beginning of 1 heat cycle to the beginning of the next is called?
estrous
During or shortly after what stage of the estrous cycle does ovulation occur?
estrus
during what part of the estrous cycle is the female most receptive to the male?
estrus
agent used in gas sterilization is?
ethylene oxide
what agent, method, or device is most appropriate for sterilizing a needle holder to be used in a surgical procedure?
ethylene oxide gas
The recommended procedure for an unvaccinated dog with a known exposure to a rabid animal is?
euthanasia
recommended procedure for an unvaccinated dog with a known exposure to a rabid animal is?
euthanasia
an isoflurane anesthetized cat suddenly begins breathing 30 times a minute during a surgical procedure. Your first response should be to?
evaluate vital organ function and endotracheal tube placement and make necessary adjustments
Polyphagia
excessive hunger or increased appetite
epiphora
excessive tear flow
hyperpnea
excessively high respiratory rate
in dogs, normal doses of opioids generally produce all of the following except?
excitement
a lateral projection of a dog's shoulder is made. On the finished radiographic film, the manubrium and the trachea are superimposed over the joint space. How can the animal be repositioned to correct this?
extend the head caudodorsally and draw the contralateral limb farther caudally
Lists abdominal muscle layers in order starting with most superficial.
external oblique internal oblique transverse abdominis
A tabletop nongrid technique is used to radiograph the?
extremity
what does not enhance the healing of an open wound?
exuberant granulation tissue
epidural anesthesia could be appropriately used for all procedure except?
eye enucleation
Using ketamine as an anesthetic agent diminishes the value of what measure in assessing anesthetic depth?
eye position
Microphthalmia
eyes smaller than normal
Usual breeding season for ewes?
fall
when is the usual breeding season for ewes?
fall
parturition in the guinea pig is?
farrowing
An intensifying screen that contains large crystals of calcium tungstate produces which of the following characteristics?
fast screens less detail high grain
ingredient can be added to the diet of hogs to provide increased energy and reduce dust in the feed?
fat
in a urine sample, a red blood cell may be easily confused with a/an?
fat droplet
advantages of giving an animal in respiratory distress a high-fat diet would not include which of the following?
fat in the diet will cause an animal to breathe slower
What nutrient will provide the most calories per gram?
fats
What nutrient will provide the moth calories per gram?
fats
nutrient that will provide the most calories per gram?
fats
which of the following is not an advantage to feeding a dog with lymphosarcoma a diet high in fat?
fats are beneficial to digestion
characteristics of an ideal suture material include all of the following except?
favorable for bacterial growth
What would provide the best information on the mineral status of a horse?
feed analysis
least useful for detecting the proper placement of an endotracheal tube?
feeling air come out of the tube when pressing on the chest
Ferrets are susceptible to all diseases except?
feline distemper
severe stomatitis is a clinical sign commonly associated with which of the following feline disorders?
feline immunodeficiency virus
what is a lentivirus?
feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
what disease is not characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration?
feline infectious peritonitis
Feline cervical line lesions/ neck lesions/resorptive lesions are of great concern to vets. Which of the following statements regarding these lesions is false?
feline resorptive lesions are effectively managed with steroid administration
True statement
female ferrets that are not bred or spayed are likely to develop a life threatening anemia
Femurs in hip dysplasia view appear foreshortened. This is likely due to not having the?
femurs parallel to the cassette
the femurs in a hip dysplasia view appear foreshortened. this is likely due to not having the?
femurs parallel to the cassette
Estrogen toxicity is common problem in?
ferret
Splenic hyperplasia is commonly seen in?
ferret
Basic unit of function in a striated muscle?
fiber
What is the basic unit of function in a striated muscle?
fiber
leg bone responsible for minimal support is?
fibula
what does not occur as you change from the low-power objective to the high-power objective when using a microscope?
field becomes brighter
What would cause the image on a processed x-ray film to be fogged?
film stored in an area of high room temperature
A common complaint that clients make after their overweight dog has been switched to a high fiber diet is?
flatulence
A common complaint that clients make after their overweight dog has been switched to a high-fiber diet is?
flatulence
a common complaint that clients make after their overweight dog has been switched to a high-fiber diet is?
flatulence
Trophy
formation, development, and increase in the size of tissue and cells
free or marginal gingiva
forms the gingival sulcus around the tooth
Mitchell markers are primarily used in standing radiography of the equine head to assist in identifying?
fluid levels in paranasal sinuses
process for visualizing motion radiographic films?
fluoroscopy
in male dogs, the prepuce is?
flushed with a weak povidone-iodine and saline solution before abdominal surgery
A hair is produced by the?
follicle
main hormonal influence during proestrus?
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
name of the hole between the cardiac atria that closes at birth in the mammal is?
foramen ovale
it is important to keep cytology samples and unstained slides away from____ so the samples can later be stained properly?
formalin
seminal plasma of all species contains?
fructose
MCHC is expressed in?
g/dl
bumblefoot causes swollen feet in what species?
gallus domesticus
outside of the brain and spinal cord, nerve cell bodies are usually found in clumps or aggregations called?
ganglia
finely ground hog feed (paticle size 600-800 microns) can increase the incidence of?
gastric ulcers
Large muscle of caudal aspect of the canine lower hind leg is the?
gastrocnemius
most common side effect of NSAIDs is?
gastrointestinal ulceration
a permanent surgically created opening into the stomach through the body wall is a/an?
gastrostomy
a dog has swallowed a ball and its stuck in its stomach. What is the name of the surgical procedure performed to remove it?
gastrotomy
tooth with 1 root but 2 crowns?
gemini
the lab rat is known as Rattus norvegicus. what does Rattus refer to?
genus
otodectes
genus of ear mites
psoroptes
genus of itch or mange mites
elongation and foreshortening of anatomic structure are associated with?
geometric distortion
Species that is very susceptible to Tyzzer disease, caused by Clostridium piliforme is the?
gerbil
Which lab animal is monogamous and mates for life?
gerbil
lab animal species has ventral sebaceous glands?
gerbil
is/are not characteristic(s) of propofol?
good postanesthesia analgesia
which of the following is (are) not characteristic(s) of propofol?
good postanesthesia analgesia
in what grade of periodontal disease does early pocket formation occur without initial bone loss?
grade 3
Cystitis is caused by?
gram negative bacilli
tissue that must form in a wound that is healing by second intention before wound contraction or epithelial regeneration can occur?
granulation tissue
unit of absorbed ionizing radiation dose is?
gray(Gy)
dog breed would probably require the smallest amount of thiobarbiturate anesthetic per pound of body weight?
great pyrenees
Small filament produces an image of?
greater detail than a large filament
a small filament produces an image of?
greater detail than a large filament
oxygen flow rate necessary to prevent rebreathing of exhaled gases with an Ayre's T piece is?
greater than 1.5 times the minute ventilation
an ideal breed of dog to be kept as a blood donor is the?
greyhound
A technician notes that there are equally spaced heavy lines on a radiographic film. What is most likely to have caused this artifact?
grid out of focal range
cause of equally spaced, heavy lines on a radiographic film?
grid out of focal range
of the following, which takes priority in the use of amino acids in an animal?
growth and lactation
Arrector pili muscles are attached to?
guard hairs
Cavia porcellus
guinea pig
Gestation period similar to cats?
guinea pig
for which of the following are there no commercially available vaccines?
guinea pig
open rooted molars are seen in which of the following animals?
guinea pig
scurvy is most likely to be seen in what animal?
guinea pig
species that gives birth to large, precocious young is the?
guinea pig
the species that gives birth to large, precocious young is the?
guinea pig
which of the following is not an induced ovulator?
guinea pig
Diet rich in vitamin C must be provided to what species because they cannot synthesize their own?
guinea pigs and nonhuman primates
what disinfectant can NOT be used on surgical instruments?
halogens
which inhalant anesthetic is associated with the longest induction and recovery times?
halothane
Mesocricetus auratus
hamster
Species that does not have a fertile postpartum estrus is the?
hamster
Species that doesn't have a fertile postpartum estrus is the?
hamster
What lab animal species hibernates?
hamster
What species is not a social animal and should be housed alone?
hamster
Which species hibernates?
hamster
lab animal species that hibernates?
hamster
lab animal species with hip glands is the?
hamster
rodents has cheek pouches?
hamster
species that is not a social animal and should be housed alone?
hamster
species with shortest gestation period is?
hamster
the species that does not have a fertile postpartum estrus is?
hamster
the species with the shortest gestation period is the?
hamster
The species with the shortest gestation period?
hamster @ 16 days
Porphyrins are secreted by the___ gland in rats.
harderian
Prophyrins are secreted by the___ gland in rats.
harderian
The gland of mice and rats that secretes porphyrin in the tears is?
harderian gland
gland of mice and rats that secretes porphyrin in the tears is?
harderian gland
gland of mice and rats that secretes prophyrin in the tears is?
harderian gland
universal curette
has 2 sharp sides, a rounded back, and a rounded point
an iodophor?
has a longer action than basic iodine compounds
iodophors, such as povidone-iodine scrub,
have been replaced by newer, more effective scrubbing agents
to issue an interstate health certificate, a vet must be accredited and?
have seen the animal within the last 7 days
cryptorchidism is
having one or more ectopic testicles
sinus arrhythmia occurs when the?
heart and pulse rates increase with inspiration and decrease with expiration
eclampsia produces elevated body temperatures, resulting from?
heat produced through muscle movement
common cause of gastric ulcers in ferrets?
helicobacter mustelae
types of effector t cells include?
helper t cells
part of CBC is most accurate procedure?
hematocrit
which of the following statements is true regarding to using hemolyzed serum in a dry chemistry analyzer?
hemolyzed serum can falsely elevate some results
Function of the blood platelets?
hemostasis
The liver receives blood via what 2 different routes?
hepatic artery and the portal veins
which of the following surgeries are stay sutures not normally necessary?
hepatic biopsy
It is difficult to accurately convert drug dosage used for cats and dogs to lab animal species because they have a?
high basal metabolic rate relative to body surface area
ultrasonic cleaners work through creating?
high frequency sound waves
what x-ray intensifying screen provides the least detail on the developed film?
high speed
To keep animals germ free inside a barrier unit, the air pressure inside compared with that outside must be?
higher
to keep animals germ free inside a barrier unit, the air pressure inside compared with that outside must be?
higher
direct exposure film differs from screen-type film in that it requires a?
higher mAs
direct-exposure film differs from screen-type film in that it requires a?
higher mAs
area of the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave is called?
hilus
What type of animals are omnivores?
humans, rats, bears, and pigs
Fracture in what bone is least likely to be effectively immobilized with a splint?
humerus
articular cartilage consists of a thin layer of?
hyaline cartilage
when 2 inbred strains of mice are bred, the offspring are called?
hybrid
central venous pressure is used in monitoring?
hydration status
A dog born with a soft swollen area over the anterior cranium. The vet suspects "water on the brain". What is the correct medical term for this condition?
hydrocephalus
What glucocorticoids has the shortest duration of activity?
hydrocortisone
milk fever may have all of the following clinical signs except?
hyersalivation
What is the likely cause of vulva swelling in a spayed ferret?
hyperadrenocorticism
what condition is not associated with weight loss?
hyperadrenocorticism
if soda lime canister is exhausted, the patient may become?
hypercapnic
What electrolyte imbalance is most likely to be found in a cat with total urethral obstruction?
hyperkalemia
condition in which voluntary muscular movements overreach the intended goal is?
hypermetria
Term for overdevelopment because of an increase in the number of cells?
hyperplasia
sometimes lymph nodes enlarge because of an increase in the number of cells. what is the term for overdevelopment because of an increase in the number of cells?
hyperplasia
for what disease are methimazole and propylthiouracil used?
hyperthyroidism in cats
to supply nearly adequate nutrition via the IV route, solution used must be?
hypertonic
Not an observable skin condition?
hyphema (blood in the eye)
acepromazine maleate causes?
hypotension
A healthy adult rat recovers _____ from an episode of sialodacryoadenitis?
in approximately 1 week
in dogs that have been receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy (months to years), a sudden discontinuation of the drug may result in which of the following medical problems?
iatrogenic addisonian crisis
which of the following would not be an acceptable action if a control value is out of range?
ignore the result; it is a simple outlier (sporadic result)
the bisecting angle principle states that the plane of an x-ray beam should be 90 degrees to the?
imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the tooth's long axis and the film plane
you are monitoring a cat during an exploratory surgery and notice the pupils are central and dilated. The cat is?
impossible to determine without more information
Where is a hemipenis found?
in lizards
which statement concerning eye position, pupil size, and responsiveness to light as indicators of anesthetic depth is least accurate?
in stage 3, plane 3 of anesthesia, the eyes are usually central to slightly eccentric with normal pupils that are responsive to light
contaminated gloves and gauze are disposed of?
in the biohazard waste disposal
although the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of hypovolemic shock is controversial, it is generally agreed that their administration is most beneficial?
in the early stages after initial fluid administration
where would you expect to find DNA within the cell?
in the nucleus
obturator foramen is found?
in the pelvis
rabies vaccines licensed to be administered only intramuscularly are to be injected?
in the thigh
edema would most likely develop during or after what?
inactivity
most common mistake made in treating periodontal disease is?
inadequate root planning
When discerning the possible source of artifacts on film, a vet tech might attribute a yellowing of radiographic films to?
incomplete washing of processing chemicals
grid cutoff can be described as?
incorrect use of the grid so that the grid, absorbs more radiation than it should
• As wavelength of x-ray photons shorten the energy of the x-ray beam will?
increase
thyroid medication, corticosteroids, and anabolic steroids?
increase appetite
During lactation the feed intake of queens typically?
increases 2-3 times
during lactation, the feed intake of queens typically?
increases about 2-3times
postrenal azotemia
increases in BUN resulting from an inability to urinate
which of the following is not an advantage of using an endotracheal tube?
increases the chances of airway obstruction
treatment for hypotension during anesthesia includes?
increasing the drip rate of the IV fluids
Which of these techniques causes a major increase in scatter radiation?
increasing the kVp
How does miliamperage affect the electrons in an x-ray beam?
increasing the miliamperage increases the number of electrons produced and increases the number of x-rays produced per unit of time
How do milliamperage affect the electrons in an x-ray beam?
increasing the milliamperage increases the number of electrons produced and increases the number of x-rays produced per unit of time
not included in first-aid procedure for acute gastric dilation-volvulus?
induce emesis
Client calls clinic and tells you that his puppy has just eaten rat poison that contains an anticoagulant. You recommend?
induce emesis then immediately bring pet to clinic for exam and treatment
What kind of ovulators are rabbits?
induced ovulator
What kind of ovulators are Rabbits?
induced ovulators
rabbits are
induced ovulators
how are people commonly exposed to giardia from wild or domestic animals?
infected water supplies
the values of the PCV/TP may indicate that all of the following are present except?
infection
glucocorticoids are often used in vet medicine for treatment of all of the following conditions except?
infections
if a drug that is very irritating to tissues is accidentally given outside of the cephalic vein(perivascularly), you should immediately?
infiltrate the area with sterile saline or other sterile isotonic fluid
Ophthalmitis
inflammation of the eye
nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys
Stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth's soft tissue
cystitis
inflammation of the urinary bladder
What is the correct order for the processes of wound healing?
inflammation, debridement, repair, maturation
what information can a barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) study provide?
information about gastric transit time
Function of interferon?
inhibits viruses
Failure to use adequate padding in bandages on limbs can produce any of the following except?
instability
liquid chemical sterilization is used primarily for?
instruments with sharp edges
hormone that lowers the level of glucose in the blood by aiding the passage of glucose into cells is?
insulin
common use of technetium-99 a form of nuclear scintigraphy include all but which of the following types of studies?
insulin regulation for a diabetic dog
it is essential for vet tech to educate clients expected to treat their pets with insulin. Which of the following statements is true?
insulin should be given with a meal
where is the bundle of his located in the heart?
interventricular septum
tricuspid valve controls the flow of blood?
into the right ventricle
best route for rapid fluid administration of large amounts of fluids to patients with poor venous access is?
intraosseus
If IV access is difficult emergency drugs can be administered safely and effectively by the ___route.
intratracheal
what is involved with a fracture reduction?
involves apposing fractured bone ends
a prodromal period?
involves early signs and symptoms
Electrolytes are commonly measured by what method?
ion-specific electrodes
What is the pigmented sphincter structure of the eye that controls the amount of light entering the posterior eye?
iris
chlorhexidine gluconate surgical scrub?
is effective against Pseudomonas species
chlorhexidine gluconate surgical scrub
is effective against pseudomonas species
protein that is not used by the body is converted to energy, and the waste?
is excreted by the kidneys
after polishing with a prophylactic paste that contains fluoride, rinsing with diluted chlorhexidine?
is less effective, because the fluoride interferes with bonding of chlorhexidine to tissues
enamel, which is the hardest body substance?
is relatively nonporous and impervious
Not true of an aural hematoma?
is repaired by trimming back the pinna
chemical cauterization
is traumatic to adjacent tissues and therefore is not used in surgical cases
smallest ova to largest ova.
isospora, Ancylostoma, uncinaria, toxocara
fluid-therapy solutions administered subQ are?
isotonic
for subcutaneous administration of fluids, the fluids are preferred to be?
isotonic
most appropriate wound flushing solution?
isotonic saline
True about PCV measurement in acute blood loss
it Is an inaccurate assessment of the condition because of vasoconstriction and splenic contraction
what effect does doubling the mAs have on radiographic density?
it doubles it
a biopsy report confirms that an oral mass is an acanthomatous epulis; what can be said about this growth?
it is a nonmalignant tumor
statement about PCV measurement in acute blood loss is true?
it is an inaccurate assessment of the condition because of vasoconstriction and splenic contraction
True about intraperitoneal fluid therapy?
it is not routinely used because of the slow rate of absorption
statement concerning pressure manometer in an inhalant anesthetic circuit is least accurate?
it measures oxygen partial pressure
statement concerning soda lime is least accurate?
it should be changed once a month
What does phenylpropanolamine do?
it treats urinary incontinence by increasing urethral sphincter tone
what does phenylpropanolamine do to a dog?
it treats urinary incontinence by increasing urethral sphincter tone
what does phenylpropanolamine do?
it treats urinary incontinence by increasing urethral sphincter tone
FALSE about first intention wound healing?
it usually has some degree of suppuration
What is FALSE about EDTA?
it's the anticoagulant of choice for blood gas analysis
a biopsy report confirms that an oral mass is an acanthomatous epulis. What can be said about this growth?
its a nonmalignant tumor
a drug is said to have a narrow therapeutic range, it means that?
its effective and toxic doses are close to each other
Stage of tick life cycle has 6 legs?
larval
short, irregular tubular structure in the neck region that acts as a valve to control airflow to the lungs is the?
larynx
ties of the many-tailed spider bandage are positioned on which aspect of the affected limb?
lateral
Useful venous site for blood collection without an anesthetic in mice is the?
lateral saphenous
In dogs that have been receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy(months to years), a sudden discontinuation of the drug may result in which of the following medical problems?
latrogenic addisonian crisis
Warm sterile saline is used for?
lavage a deep traumatic wound
Basophilic stippling is often associated with?
lead poisoning
Not an ingredient of the inventory control system?
ledger sheet
which of the following is not an ingredient of the inventory control system?
ledger sheet
not the formal name of a retractor?
lembert
What is the most appropriate "cloth" to use on the microscope lens?
lens paper
armadillo is one of the few animal models of what human disease?
leprosy
generally not a core vaccine for dogs?
leptospira
What organism is a spirochete?
leptospira grippotyphosa
advantages of inhalant anesthetics over injectable anesthetics include all of the following except?
less expensive
Not function of lymphatic system?
leukocyte production
which of the following terms refers to a white blood cell count below normal?
leukopenia
pediculosis is an infestation of?
lice
earliest common clinical sign seen in ferrets or rabbits that are overheating?
licking their front legs
Dolicho
long
which of the following is an outbred strain of rat?
long-evans
clinical sign associated with hyperthyroidism?
loss of weight with a normal or increased appetite
Ideal inhalant anesthetic should have all of following except?
low MAC
aluminum filters remove what part of the x-ray beam?
low energy
urea toxicity in small ruminants typically occurs within 1 hour after ingestion. What is not a sign of urea toxicity?
low packed cell volume(PCV)
Urine samples should be centrifuged at a?
low speed (1000 to 3000 rpm) for 5 min
The type of cage that is designed to separate urine and feces for specimen collection is?
metabolism
which of the following would not be seen in a peripheral blood smear from a normal dog?
megakaryocytes
What drug is used as a contraceptive in dogs and sometimes for correction of behavioral problems in cats?
megestrol acetate
a progestin, often used in the past for the treatment of inappropriate elimination in cats, that has now fallen out of favor because of serious potential side effects, including mammary hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma, is?
megestrol acetate(ovaban)
The triiodinated compound that is least irritating to the GI tissues and has less toxicity is the?
meglumine diatrizoic salt
the triiodinated compound that Is least irritating to the GI tisse and has less toxicity is the?
meglumine diatrizoic salt
benign black tumor?
melanoma
drug used as an adulticide to treat a heartworm-positive dog?
melarsomine (immiticide)
Genus and species name of gerbil?
meriones unguiculatus
genus and species name for the gerbil is?
meriones unguiculatus
genus and species name for the gerbil?
meriones unguiculatus
Connecting peritoneum that suspends the intestinal tract from the abdominal wall and contains vessels, nerves, lymphatics that supply their respective organs is the?
mesentery
Class 2 malocclusions in which the mandibular teeth are occluded mesial to their maxillary equivalents is termed?
mesioclusions
work part meaning "middle"?
meso-
genus and species name for the hamster is?
mesocricetus auratus
Cheyletiella spp. are?
mites
what cellular structure is responbile for the production of ATP for energy?
mitochondria
what cellular structure is responsible for the production of the ATP for energy?
mitochondria
Chordae tendineae are present on which valve?
mitral
The left atrioventricular valve is the?
mitral
Valve that prevents blood from flowing back into left atrium during ventricular systole is?
mitral
would delay wound healing?
moisture
what can a tech do to recognize early signs of nephrotoxicity in an animal that receives aminoglycosides?
monitor urine for casts and protein
a radiation film badge worn at the collar level?
monitors exposure of the thyroid gland and lenses of the eyes
what animal is a reservoir for infectious hepatitis A?
monkey
what animal is most likely reservoir for infectious hepatitis A for people contacting the animal's feces?
monkey
squeeze back is a desirable feature in cage housing for?
monkeys
type of antibodies are used in serology test kits?
monoclonal antibodies
which of these WBCs migrate through tissue as macrophages and function to remove and destroy bacteria, damages cells, and neoplastic cells?
monocytes
chronic infections are often associated with?
monocytosis
Which of the following is not a collection device for microbiologic samples?
needle with EDTA tube
which of the following is not a collection device for microbiologic samples?
needle with EDTA tube
largest ova to smallest ova?
nematodirus, trichostrongylus, strongyloides, eimeria
what has occurred in neonatal isoerythrolysis?
neonates ingests antibodies against its own erythrocytes in the colostrum
protozoan disease causes an ascending paralysis in young dogs and abortion in cattle?
neosporosis
"soma" is another term for?
nerve cell body
which of the following has the poorest potential for healing and return to normal function after damage and effective surgical repair?
nervous tissue
most common type of leukocyte found in the peripheral blood of dogs is the?
neutrophil
heterophils in the avian species are the equivalent of the mammalian?
neutrophils
When reconstituting the powder form of processing chemicals, what is the most important factor to remember?
never reconstitute the chemicals in the darkroom
what stain is referred to as a supravital stain?
new methylene blue
rats are primarily?
nocturnal
Oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as glipizide(Glucotrol) are used to treat?
non-insulin dependent diabetes
Oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as glipizide(glucorol) are used to treat?
non-insulin dependent diabetes
difference in appearance between small and large strongyle ova in horses is?
none; they look alike
The inguinal rings completely close in which species?
nonhuman primates
Not a symptom of hypostatic pneumonia?
nonproductive cough
Which of the following isn't a symptom of hypostatic pneumonia?
nonproductive cough
Nutraceuticals is a category of drugs with which of following characteristics?
nontoxic food components that have proven health benefits
substance is a catecholamine?
norepinephrine
what substance is a catecholamine?
norepinephrine
breed of goat with long, wide, pendulous ears and a roman nose is the?
nubian
What size scalpel blade is generally used in an arthroscopy for making the stab incision into the joint because of its pointed, rather than rounded or hooked, end?
number 11
antibacterial drugs are routinely added to hog feed to increase performance and feed efficiency. What group of animals benefits the most from this practice?
nursery and grower pigs
Posterior crossbite
one or more of the premolar lower jaw teeth overlap the upper jaw teeth
Hydrocephalus (water on the brain) causes the ceberum to become extremely thin and may impair or prevent parturition. The most frequent cause of this abnormality is?
obstruction of the interventricular foramina
if you were to grasp your hands behind your head at the base of your skull, your hands would be over which bone of the skull?
occipital
which of these is not one of the three major subdivisions of the brain?
occipital lobe
when taking a VD thoracic radiograph, you should measure at the level?
of the 12th rib
TRUE about immunizations?
older animals can have reduced immune status and may require more frequent vaccination
safest place to stand next to a horse?
on the left side
feeders in finishing hog pens should have?
one feeder space per 6-10pigs
the maximum amount that a muscle fiber can contract is about what proportion of its resting length?
one half
Wry mouth
one side of the jaw grows faster than the other causing the mouth to twist and appear in a triangular shape around the incisor area
In a pug the ET tube should be removed when?
only after the animal is fully conscious and able to maintain a free airway
meatus
opening or passage
FALSE statement regarding positioning for a lateral view of the shoulder?
opposite limb is pulled in a craniodorsal position
following is false statement regarding positioning for a lateral view of the shoulder?
opposite limb is pulled in a craniodorsal position
Not a parenteral route of drug administration?
oral
Visceral
pain which originates from internal organs
what parameter(s) does the pulse oximeter measure?
oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and heart rate
drug will not cause nephrotoxicity?
oxymorphone
what drug will not cause nephrotoxicity?
oxymorphone
equine pinworm?
oxyuris equi
carnassial teeth in dogs are?
p^4 and M_1
bill usually list all of the following except?
packing slip numbers and dates shipped
the bill usually lists all of the following except?
packing slip numbers and dates shipped
In routine processing of vet product shipments, what is the usual sequence of document handling?
packing slip, invoice, inventory record, and bill
in routine processing of vet product shipments, what is the usual sequence of document handling?
packing slip, invoice, inventory record, bill
genus and species name of rabbit?
oryctolagus cuniculus
species prone to trichobezoar formation?
oryctolagus cuniculus
tularemia is most commonly associated with what species?
oryctolagus cuniculus
the female of what species exhibits the sexually dimorphic characteristic called the dewlap?
oryctolagus cuninulus
a disorder or disease of a bone is a/an?
osteopathy
parasite found in the abomasal gastric glands of ruminants is?
ostertagia species
genus name for the spinose ear tick is?
otobius
Genus of the ferret ear mite is?
otodectes
genus of ferret ear mite is?
otodectes
What parasite completes its entire life cycle on or in its host?
otodectes species
precision vaporizers, such as those used for isoflurane, work correctly when placed?
out of the circle
Where is ovum fertilized?
oviducts
A client takes a Rottweiler to a 2-vet clinic for castration. The client indicates to the receptionist that the dog has a bad disposition and the receptionist records this information on the patient's medical record. Dr. X castrates the dog without incident. When the client returns the next day to pick up the dog, Dr. Y asks the vet tech to take the dog to the reception area, which is crowded with other clients. As the dog's leash is handed to the client, the dog jerks away and attacks another client's dog. Who is least liable for damages claimed by the second client?
owner of dog
the roundworm of horses is?
parascaris sp.
what is a Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus?
parasite of acanthocephalan parasite which lives in the intestines of pigs and other suids, and very occasionally in humans or dogs.
What are Organophosphates?
parasiticides that have a very narrow margin of safety. Numerous side effects including vomiting, tremors, hyperexcitability, salivation, and diarrhea
Queening
parturition in cats
queening
parturition in cats
Farrowing
parturition in pigs
farrowing
parturition in pigs
Kinding
parturition in rabbit
when passing surgical instruments to the surgeon, the technician should do all of the following except?
pass the instrument in the open position
Snuffles in rabbits is most commonly caused by?
pasteurella multocida
What is not an infectious disease of small animals?
patent ductus arteriosus
Arteriosclerosis
pathologic hardening of the arteries
Primary source of scatter radiation?
patient
The MAC of an anesthetic agent will change for all of the following reasons except?
patient's breed
Minimum fresh gas flow in a semiclosed system is correctly determined by the?
patient's metabolic rate
minimum fresh gas flow in a semiclosed system is correctly determined by the?
patient's metabolic rate
acepromazine should be avoided in?
patients with a history of seizures
femoral artery is cranial to what muscle?
pectineus
which of these compounds can be safely given via IV?
penicillin sodium succinate(antibiotic)
Nutritional support can be given in several ways. What is the preferred method?
per OS (by mouth)
Nutritional support can be given in several ways. What is the preferred method?
per os
nutritional support can be given in several ways. What is the preferred method?
per os
pulse oximetry monitoring devices give an estimate of?
percentage of hemoglobin saturation with oxygen in arterial blood
What type of instrument is an Adson?
periosteal elevator
the fibrous covering around the part of the bone NOT covered by articular cartilage is?
periosteum
Neuromuscular blocking agents are also called?
peripheral muscle relaxants
food is moved along the digestive tract by the process known as?
peristalsis
Information yielded with nuclear scintigraphy includes which of the following?
physiologic information about the function of the organ under study
to examine for trophhozoites, it is best to use a mixture of fresh feces and___.
physiologic saline
Normal body temp. is highest in?
pigeon
Erysipeloid of people, caused by erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is result of wound infection with contaminated material. What farm animal carries this organism?
pigs
malignant hyperthermia associated with inhalant anesthesia is most likely to be encountered in?
pigs
as you walk through the nursery section of a swine production unit, you notice that many of the pigs have rectal prolapses. What does this observation tell you about their behavior?
pigs are piling up
2 words or word parts that mean same thing?
pilo and tricho
Part of physical therapy of the respiratory tract?
pinch trachea to stimulate coughing
when monitoring the mucous membrane of an anesthetized patient with pigmented gingivae, you could use each of the following alternative sites except?
pinnae
measurement of blood levels of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) and ACTH is used to evaluate function of the?
pituitary gland
neurohypophysis is an anatomic section of the___.
pituitary gland
to take advantage of the "heel effect" a vet tech would do which of the following when positioning an animal for a study?
place the thickest part of the patient toward the cathode side of the x-ray tube
surgical instruments should be?
placed on surfaces, never dropped or thrown
Facilitation of the placement of a jugular catheter in an obese animal may be achieved by?
placing the animal in a sitting position
a client of your practice calls you up with a question about the diet that was prescribed for her cat. this client noticed on the label that the cat food contains several kinds of animal protein. The client says that because all animal protein contains cholesterol, she wondered whether the food contained good or bad cholesterol. Which of the following statements would not be included in your answer?
plant products and animal products contain cholesterol
a quick check for Dirofilaria immitis using a spun hematocrit tube involves microscopically viewing the border between the?
plasma and buffy coat
what surgical drape material prevents bacteria from penetrating the drape by capillary action when the top surface of the drape becomes wet?
plastic
clear fluid removed from thoracic cavity is known as?
pleural effusion
special study that involves use of a negative contrast media is?
pneumocystogram
Common health problem encountered in cattle that have been recently shipped is?
pneumonia
caging material with high-impact strength is transparent and can withstand high temperatures?
polycarbonate
cattle and swine display what type of estrous cycle?
polyestrous
A breeding system in which one male is placed with two or more females is?
polygamous
Breeding system in which one male is placed with 2 or more females?
polygamous
predictable short term side effects of glucocorticoid therapy of which every client should be aware of?
polyuria and polydipsia
the blood vessel that carries nutrient rich blood from the intestines to the liver is the?
portal vein
the structure by which venous blood from the intestines bypasses the liver is the?
porto-caval shunt
What consideration is most important when splitting an x-ray cassette into 2 separate images?
position the animal so that all views are facing the same direction
what consideration is most important when splitting an x-ray cassette into two separate images?
position the animal so that all views are facing the same direction
when using a mechanical ventilator, the animal's chest is under?
positive pressure
malocclusion in which the upper 4th premolar lies palatal to the first molars?
posterior crossbite
ions is a cation?
potassium
Glandular portion of stomach in birds?
proventriculus
The Bruce effect in mice is when?
pregnant females are exposed to the urine of a strange male and abort
what is a characteristic of New World monkeys?
prehensile tail
when assisting a surgeon in a gastric dilation and volvulus surgery, your immediate concern is not with which of the following?
prepare ultrasound unit to confirm gastric dilation and volvulus status of animal
Location of incision in canine orchidectomy?
prescrotal
urinary pH is not affected by the?
presence of crystals in the urine
An ovariohysterectomy may be performed for all of the following reasons except?
prevention of prostate cancer
an OVH may be performed for all of the following reasons except?
prevention of prostate cancer
which of the following medical record formats takes more time to compile?
problem oriented medical records
a radiographic film of a cat's thorax is made. when viewing the film, you not a decrease in radiographic density and a gray swirly appearance of the background. what caused this problem?
processing chemicals were too cold
The function of the anal glands is to?
produce a scented material used to mark territory
function of the anal glands is to?
produce a scented material used to mark territory
Low mAs, high kVp techniques are recommended for abdominal radiography in dogs, because they?
produce radiographs with lower contrast
low mAs, high kVp techniques are recommended for abdominal radiography in dogs, because they
produce radiographs with lower contrast
function of megakaryocyte?
produces thrombocytes
glandular portion of the stomach in birds is referred to as the?
proventriculus
False of inactivated vaccines
provides cellular and mucosal immunity
which term is defined as a vocation or occupation that requires advanced education and training and involves intellectual skills?
profession
what hormone inhibits excessive uterine motility during gestation?
progesterone
Intussusception
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of an adjacent part of the intestine
an intussusception can be described as a/an?
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of an adjacent part of the intestine
depressant anesthetic medication may have what effect on the anesthesia procedure?
prolong recovery time
Depressant preanesthetic medication may have what effect on the anesthesia procedure?
prolong the recovery time
factor not considered to be a significant contributor to development of bacterial resistance?
prolonged levels of higher than recommended dosages of antibiotics
bandaging provides all of the following except?
promoting an alkaline environment
in a normal marrow sample, what cell should be the most immature?
prorubricyte
drug is used to return a mare to proestrus from diestrus through lysis of the corpus luteum?
prostaglandin
what drug is used to return a mare to proestrus from diestrus through lysis of the corpus luteum?
prostaglandin
what organ blocks entrance of many drugs because of a barrier similar to the blood-brain barrier?
prostate gland
Kaolin and pectin (kaopectate) and bismuth aubsalicylate (PeptoBismol) are examples of?
protectants
by determining the nitrogen content of a food sample, one can estimate the amount of_____in the diet.
protein
in order for a cast to form, what must be present in the filtrate?
protein
part of the urinalysis is measured by a refractometer?
protein
a detailed description of the procedures to be used in a research project that is reviewed by an appointed committee is a?
protocol
if a drug package insert states that the drug is a coccidiostat, against what group of parasites will this drug be effective?
protozoa (eimeria, isospora)
trophozoites and cyst forms are associated with?
protozoans
most distal portion of the monogastric stomach is the?
pylorus
What condition involves pus?
pyoderma
an accumulation of purulent discharge within the uterus is called?
pyometritis
Accumulation of purulent fluid in the thorax is known as?
pyothorax
correct equivalent?
q6h=QID QD= everyday QID is 4 times a day
what muscle located cranial to the femur can be used for IM injections?
quadriceps
one disadvantage of the rare-earth intensifying screen is the resultant density variation that can occur on a uniform exposed radiographic film as a result of the fewer x-rays required. What is the name of this spotty radiographic artifact?
quantum mottle
The recommended procedure for a dog that has just bitten a person is?
quarantine and observe for 10 days
recommended procedure for a dog that has just bitten a person is?
quarantine and observe for 10 days
Disinfectant with weakest virucidal activity?
quaternary ammonium compounds at standard concentrations
disinfectant with weakest virucidal activity?
quaternary ammonium compounds at standard concentrations
Caudal paralysis, as a consequence of injury to the spinal cord from a fractured back, occurs commonly in the?
rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
rabbit
Pyrogen and Draize tests involve which of the following species?
rabbit
Pyrogen and draize tests involve which of the following species?
rabbit
Sacculus rotundus, appendix, and cecum are parts of what lab animal's GI tract?
rabbit
What lab animal is best housed singly because they often fight?
rabbit
in addition to cats, the cat bag is a useful restraint device for what animal?
rabbit
lab animal best housed singly because they often fight?
rabbit
what lab animal is bets housed singly because they often fight?
rabbit
What substantially reduces the amount of radiation needed to produce diagnostic radiographic films?
rare earth screens
what piece of equipment helps reduce exposure time?
rare earth screens
which of the following substantially reduces the amount of radiation needed to produce diagnostic radiographic films?
rare-earth screens
T killer cells function to?
recognize cancer cells as abnormal cells and eliminate them
Otoplasty
reconstruction of the ear
color do acid-fast organisms stain when stained with an acid-fast stain?
red
when performing a major crossmatch in anticipation of a canine blood transfusion?
red cells from the donor are mixed with serum from the recipient
Most of the clinical signs seen in an animal in shock from excessive blood loss are attributable to?
redistribution of blood flow
what would be considered ethical and appropriate on the part of a vet tech?
refusing to reduce the charges for professional services without the approval of the vet
ability of a method to be both accurate and precise is?
reliability
Charcoal canisters attached to the exhaust of the anesthesia machine?
remove all gas anesthetic agents except nitrous oxide
very low humidity in a colony of rats may precipitate a problem known as?
ring tail
Trichophyton mentagrophytes causes___in cats.
ringworm
tyzzer disease is seen in what animal?
rodent
Bubonic or pneumonic plague can be transmitted to people by bite of?
rodent fleas
bubonic or pneumonic plague (Yersinia pestis) can be transmitted to people by the bite of?
rodent fleas
to protect yourself when attacked by a dog, you should?
roll yourself into a ball and protect your neck and face with your arms
heavy lines on a processed radiograph are most likely due to?
roller marks from an automatic processor
primary function of a lempert?
rongeur
which of the following instruments is most suitable for the removal of bone to perform spinal surgery?
rongeurs
tissue is not part of the periodontium?
root
tissue not part of the periodontium?
root
what restraint device would you choose to safely and easily collect blood samples form crated sows?
rope snare
directional term for "toward the front of the head"?
rostral
toward the front of the head?
rostral
Ventral-dorsal view in which the x-ray beam passes from the bottom of the jaw through the teeth is the?
rostral mandibular view
To get from between the eyes to a dog's nose?
rostrally
when approaching an animal that requires emergency treatment, the recommended way is to approach?
rostrally
breed of dog particularly prone to parvoviral infection after 4 months of age is the?
rottweiler
what portion of the ruminant digestive system does most microbial fermentation take place?
rumen
clothing worn in a surgical room?
should be a scrub suit dedicated to surgery use
What should happen to fractured deciduous teeth?
should be extracted
Staff meetings should be?
should be part of every employee's compensation package
medical records
should be retained even if the client moves away
a written consent form?
should be used when a client requests that a childproof container not be used for dispensed medication
as a dentifrice for use in small animals, baking soda
should not be used as a dentifrice for animals
salivary cyst is a?
sialocele
suppression of the flow of saliva is?
sialoschesis
birds recognize feed primarily by?
sight
one of the adverse side effects of opioid administration is?
significant respiratory depression
what is a "latent" image?
silver halide crystals in the film's emulsion that have been exposed to radiant energy before processing
the epithelium lining the alveoli is?
simple squamous
sweat glands in the skin are?
simple tubular
rumen inoculation is?
siphoning ruminal contents from a healthy animal and introducing them into the rumen of a debilitated animal
prolonged undernutrition in adult horses adversely affects all of the following except?
skeletal structures
what tissue is sutures in an appositional pattern?
skin
Which of the following isn't a likely contributor to postoperative wound dehiscence?
skin sutures left in too long
Tularemia, caused by francisella tularensis, could infect people who perform which activity?
skinning rabbits
tularemia, caused by francisella tularensis could infect people who perform which activity?
skinning rabbits
when planning the appropriate nutritional treatment for a patient, the caloric intake should?
slightly exceed the metabolic requirements of the patient
skeletal muscles that are arranged circularly to constrict a body opening are termed?
sphincters
a vet is performing a radiographic study of a cat's skull to evaluate the trabecular bone in the nasal cavity for a nasal tumor (producing asymmetry). Knowing that ultra fine detail is needed, which equipment would bets allow for a diagnostic study?
slow screen and film combination
a vet is performing a radiographic survey of a cat's skull to evaluate the trabecular bone in the nasal cavity for a nasal tumor (producing asymmetry). Knowing that ultra fine detail is needed, which of the following equipment would best allow for a diagnostic study?
slow screen and film combination
Fiberglass cast materials have all of the following advantages except?
slow setting time
Oliguria
small amount of urination
Calcium oxalate crystals are?
small squares that contain an X
which muscle cells have single nuclei?
smooth and cardiac
the principal extracellular cation that is commonly measured in a blood chemistry profile is?
sodium
what happens within the neuron that allows local anesthetics to be effective?
sodium channels become blocked
what anticoagulant inhibits a glycolytic enzyme, thus acting as a preservative for glucose?
sodium fluoride
Which of the following is not a fecal flotation solution.
sodium sulfate
Retinomalacia
softening of the retina
soap for hand washing is most likely to harbor microbes if it is in?
solid bar form
what liquid form of drug is given IV?
solution
selective media grow?
some type of bacteria only
Selective media grow?
some types of bacteria only
ulcerative pododermatitis in rabbits is commonly called?
sore hocks
Furcation best described as?
space between 2 roots where they meet the crown
Not required of a well built dog house?
spacious and roomy inside
which of the following is not required of a well built doghouse?
spacious and roomy inside
third line of defense against foreign invaders in the body is?
specific immunity
term for enlarged spleen?
splenomegaly
a dog has been hit by a car and the client calls your clinic saying that the dog has a dangling leg. You recommend to the client that he?
splint the leg, if possible and immediately bring the dog to the clinic
Ultrasonic scaling
sprays the tooth with water to cool the tooth and prevent pulp damage
ultrasonic scaling
sprays the tooth with water to cool the tooth and prevent pulp damage
A spayed female ferret is called a?
sprite; "jill" is an intact female, a "hob" is an intact male, a "gib" is a neutered male
largest of the epithelial cells found in urine?
squamous epithelial cells
stage of anesthesia characterized by vocalization struggling and breath holding?
stage 2
once extubated, all animals should be placed in?
sternal recumbency with the neck extended
measure of the extent of random variation in a group of observations is?
standard deviation
although there is good serologic evidence that animals in shelters are exposed to many of the same pathogens, not all shelters experience a disease problem. The difference can best be explained by variance in the?
standards of management practice
a black "tree" pattern artifact on the film is caused by?
static electrical charge
What is the cause of a dark lightning streak across developed x-ray film?
static electrical discharge during film removal from the cassette
the cause of a dark lightning streak across developed x-ray film?
static electrical discharge during film removal from the cassette
CAMP test is specific for?
streptococcus agalactiae
statement concerning film storage and handling is least accurate?
strong chemical fumes have no effect on unexposed film
In appearance, hookworm ova resemble ___ ova.
strongyle
what parasite can cause blockage of the cranial mesenteric artery in horses?
strongylus vulgaris
acidifying diets will help prevent what type of bladder stones?
struvite
How is insulin given in cases of uncomplicated diabetes?
subcutaneous
SOAP stands for?
subjective, objective, assessment, plan
a neuromuscular blocking agent?
succinylcholine
sweat gland example
sudoriferous
which of these drugs is not an antifungal drug?
sulfadimethoxine (Albon)
Not an antifungal drug
sulfadimethoxine (albon)
Which of these drugs isn't an antifungal drug?
sulfadimethoxine (albon)
drug not an antifungal drug?
sulfadimethoxine (albon)
a very useful group of broad spectrum drugs, whose popularity has more recently declined because of numerous potential side effects, including keratoconjunctivits sicca, polyarthritis( especially in Doberman pinschers), hematuria, photosensitivity, and hypothyroidism is the?
sulfonamides
a very useful group of broad-spectrum drug, whose popularity has more recently declined because of numberous potential side effects, including keratoconjunctivitis sicca, polyarthritis ( escpecially in Doberman pinschers), hematuria, photosensitivity, and hypothyroidism, is the?
sulfonamides
polyodontia refers to?
supernumerary teeth
following general anesthetic agents can be delivered to effect except?
telazole given IM
Isn't a major criterion used to classify suture material?
tensile strength versus size
a frantic client calls to say that her horse is acting strangely; the horse does not appear to be able to eat or drink and is moving with a stiff gait, there is a pink membrane present in the medial aspect of the eye, and it seems to be very agitated by loud noises. Considering this description, the horse is apparently suffering from?
tetanus
what drug shouldn't be given to pregnant dogs because it may cause discoloration of the puppies' teeth?
tetracycline
The class of antibiotics most commonly prescribed to treat rickettsial infections, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, is?
tetracyclines
True about tetracyclines
tetracyclines may lead to bone or teeth problems if given to young animals
cranial and caudal borders for a lateral abdomen should be?
the 8th rib and femoral head
some direct-exposure film cannot be processed in an automatic processor because?
the emulsion is too thick
In accepting a check as payment for vet services, you should record or verify certain items. What isn't considered essential?
the initials of the employee who accepted the check
Flushing the external ear canal is contraindicated if?
the tympanic membrane is ruptured
An asthmatic cat may receive which of the following drugs for its bronchodilatory effect?
theophylline
Methylxanthines are often used to improve breathing in cardiac patients and patients with respiratory disease. What drugs are methylxanthines used for this purpose?
theophylline and aminophylline
what is the ratio between the toxic dose and therapeutic dose of a drug used as a measure of the relative safety of the drug for a particular treatment?
therapeutic index
FALSE regarding the ECG?
there is always a pulse beat with each QRS complex
Aminoglycoside antibiotics (amikacin and gentamicin) are powerful agents against bacteria. Unfortunately, they do not seem to work well in deep puncture wounds or in the lumen of the colon. Why?
these are anaerobic sites, and bacteria require oxygen to take up aminoglycosides
Most accurate statement pertaining to insect growth regulators?
they are insecticidal with very low risk of toxic effects in mammals
interesting morphophysiologic characteristics of guinea pigs include all of these except?
they have a glandular and aglandular divided stomach
True about glucocorticoids?
they may cause immune system suppression
true about glucocorticoids?
they may cause immune system suppression
false statement regarding nonrebreathing systems is?
they must have a CO2 absorber
Both radiographic films have identical areas of decreased radiographic density that appear to be artifacts. What could have caused this artifact on both films?
they stuck together in the developer
Fluid administration of 24hrs or more is recommended to be administered via a(n)?
through the needle catheter
fluid administration of 24 hours or more is recommended to be administered via a(n)?
through the needle catheter
what is included as a preservative in halothane?
thymol
Obesity delays elimination of what drug because of its high lipid solubility?
thiopental
how do third-generation cephalosporins differ from first-generation cephalosporins?
third-generation drugs have better gram-negative activity
why is a typical autoclave cycle set for 20 minutes on an instrument pack?
this allows time for steam penetration to the center of the pack and still provides the minimum time of steam exposure
When a stimulus is strong enough to cause complete depolarization, it has reached?
threshold
another term with the same meaning as "clot cell" is?
thrombocyte
megakaryocytes are the precursor cell to?
thrombocytes
Placement of a jugular catheter is contraindicated in which situation?
thrombocytopenia
petechial hemorrhages on the mucous membranes can indicate?
thrombocytopenia
purpose of an oblique projection?
to delineate an area that is normally superimposed over another
torse means?
to twist
Hypothermia has become significant in a 4kg anesthetized cat, the best way to restore body heat is?
to warm the air in the breathing circuit by some method
Tube saturation can occur with a?
too low kVp reading
tube saturation can occur with a?
too low kVp reading
Your looking at your dental radiograph and notice that the tooth is elongated. This happened because the beam was perpendicular to the?
tooth
your looking at your dental radiograph and notice that the tooth is elongated. This happened because the beam was perpendicular to the?
tooth
a complication that may develop if subgingival plaque is improperly removed is?
torn epithelial attachment
When used in reference to food, TDN refers to?
total digestible nutrients
A 30% stock solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was diluted four times as follows: 0.1ml of stock was added to 0.4ml of distilled water; 4.5ml of distilled water was added; the resulting solution was diluted 1:3; the resulting solution was again diluted to 0.06L. the final concentration of the solution was?
total dilution= (1:5) x(1:10) x (1:3) x (1:4) = 1:600 [F]=[o] x 1/D=30% x 1/600=0.05%
a stock solution was diluted 1:5, then 1:3, then 1:2, and finally 1:6 to produce a final concentration of 0.4mg/ml. The original concentration of the stock solution was?
total dilution=1:5 x 1:3 x 1:2 x 1:6=1:180. Total dilution factor(DF)= 180. Original concentration= final concentration x DF; 0.4mg/ml (final concentration) x 180([DF])=72 mg/ml=7.2%
An animal that results from the introduction of genetic material(DNA) from one animal into the fertilized egg of a different animal is?
transgenic
a physical property of x-rays?
travel in straight lines
Rx
treatment
The parasite whose adult resembles a whip and whose eggs have bipolar plugs is?
trichuris vulpis
The valve between the R atrium and R ventricle of the heart is the?
tricuspid
blood that has returned to the heart through the cranial and caudal venae cavae first passes through what heart valve?
tricuspid
eardrum also called?
tympanic membrane
Vaporizers may be classified according to all of the following, except the?
type of breathing circuit with which they can be used
vaporizers may be classified according to all of the following except the?
type of breathing circuit with which they can be used
drugs like flunixin meglumine, ibuprofen, and other NSAIDs often produce side effects in the GI tract with long-term use or high dosage use, especially in dogs. What are the side effects?
ulcers or gastritis from decreased mucus production
Types of insulin with longest duration of action?
ultralente insulin
imaging technique that involves a piezoelectric crystal within a transducer is?
ultrasound
what vessel brings fresh, oxygenated blood from the placenta to a developing fetus?
umbilical vein
which groupings of conditions has been triaged in the correct order?
unconsciousness, dyspnea, abscesses
A 6 year old dog with a history of chronic emesis and occasional ataxia is brought to a vet. The vet prescribes metoclopramide at 0.3mg/kg po tid. This dog's gait is occasionally?
uncoordinated
Hypodermic
under the skin
skeletal muscles are?
under voluntary control
Microcephaly
undersized brain
microcephaly?
undersized brain
What is the most common reason for getting a false positive result on the feline leukemia test that uses test wells?
underwashing
cryptorchidism
undescended testicle
which of these tubular structures conveys urine from the kidney to the bladder?
ureter
Surgically creating a new opening into the urethra?
urethrostomy
because of the manner in which they are excreted, sulfonamides are often effective against infections of?
urinary tract
sulfonamides are often effective against infections of?
urinary tract
isosthenuria is best described as?
urine with a specific gravity and osmolality similar to glomerular filtrate and plasma
when choosing a muzzle for a Boston terrier you should?
use a basket-style muzzle
a cat has significant arterial bleeding from a distal extremity. It is best to?
use a blood pressure cuff inflated to 30 mm HG above systolic pressure proximal to the bleeding
A cat has significant arterial bleeding from a distal extremity. Its best to?
use a blood pressure cuff inflated to 30mm hg above systolic pressure proximal to bleeding
in which of the following scenarios does the activity not increase the likelihood of personnel exposure to scatter radiation?
use of a fast screen/fast film combination
Between patients, it is best to use the following order for maintaining instruments?
use, wash, sharpen, and sterilize
Time necessary to disinfect surgical instruments with liquid chemicals can be shortened by?
warming the solution
throughout anesthesia, the animal's temperature should be maintained as close to normal as possible. Hypothermia can be prevented by all of the following measures except?
warming the stainless-steel V trough before using it
false regarding scavenging systems is?
waste gases can be safely vented to the floor
a dog has a history of not eating or 2 days and has lost 10% of its body weight. this weight loss is most likely due to a loss of?
water
best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a solution that contains 5% NaCl?
water moves out of the cell
which would be considered the least important physical measure evaluated during triage of a patient?
weight
common disease of juvenile hamsters?
wet tail
floors are cleaned best using a?
wet vacuum
contraindication
when a procedure or drug or something should NOT be used
Anterior crossbite
when one or more upper incisors rest caudally to lower incisors and rest of occlusion is normal
when might a vte tech's error result in the vet being found guilty of malpractice?
when the error endangers a patient or a client
a control should be run on the urine dipstick?
when there is a shift change in personnel
what adult parasite would be described as having a slender anterior end with its mouth at the tip and a thickened posterior extremity?
whipworm
When attaching an animal to an ECG, which lead is hooked up to the right foreleg?
white
the mucous membranes of patients with severe anemia and respiratory distress are?
white
Leukopenia
white blood cell count below normal
what sample is recommended for hemoglobin testing?
whole blood
What animal is covered by the animal welfare act?
wild mouse used in research
animal is covered by the Animal Welfare Act
wild mouse used in research
pigs exhibit behavior. when several unfamiliar animals are mixed in a group pen, fighting may occur. If the animals are of similar size, the aggressive behavior?
will begin shortly after the animals are introduced and will be short term
what is the disadvantage of using vacuum blood collection tubes?
withdrawal pressure is not easily controlled
people can contract tetanus, caused by Closridium tetani, by?
wound infection from fecal contaminated soil
nonscreen x-ray film is more sensitive than screen film to what form of energy?
x-ray
what is the value of X in this cow's dentition chart? I 0/3; C 0/1; PM 3/3-4; Mx/3
x=3
an alpha-2 agonist that provides sedation, muscle relaxation, and analgesia is?
xylazine
Gas cylinders that are a part of anesthetic machine are attached to it by a?
yoke
gas cylinders that are a part of the anesthetic machine are attached to it by a?
yoke
gas cylinders that are part of the anesthetic machine are attached to it by a?
yoke
