VULNERABILITY

The people of the Eastern part of Philippines are more vulnerable to typhoons because of: -High Exposure of Typhoon -Low Resistance (lack of proper management) -Low Resilience (Economic limitation)

EXAMPLE OF VULNERABILITY

ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY

Example: Wetlands, such as the Caroni Swamp, are sensitive to increasing salinity from sea water, and pollution from storm water runoff containing agricultural chemicals, eroded soils, etc.

VULNERABILITY •(WIKIPEDIA,2019).

THE INABILITY (OF A SYSTEM OR A UNIT) TO WITHSTAND THE EFFECTS OF A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT

•Physical Vulnerability •Economic Vulnerability •Social Vulnerability •Environmental Vulnerability

TYPES OR SECTORS OF VULNERABILITY

resilience

ability to recover prior state or achieve desired post-disaster state

exposure + resistance + resilience

vulnerability formula

IMPLEMENTING BUILDING CODES INSURANCE AND SOCIAL PROTECTION (RISK ) EMPHASISING ECONOMIC DIVERSITY AND RESILIENT LIVELIHOODS KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS RAISING PREPAREDNESS MEASURES

APPROACHES TO VULNERABILITY REDUCTION INCLUDE:

VULNERABILITY

CHARACTERISTICS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF A COMMUNITY, SYSTEM OR ASSET THAT MAKE IT SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF A HAZARD. THERE ARE MANY ASPECTS OF VULNERABILITY, ARISING FROM VARIOUS PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.

PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY

Meaning the potential for physical impact on the physical environment - which can be expressed as elements-at-risk (EaR). aspects such levels, as population density remoteness of a settlement, the site, design and materials used for critical infrastructure and for housing (UNISDR).

exposure

at risk property and population

vulnerability (Birkmann, 2006).

concerns the wider environmental and social conditions that limit people and communities to cope with the impact of hazard

vulnerability UNESCO/UNDRO (1982)

degree of loss to a given element or set of elements at risk resulting from the occurence of a hazardous phenomenon of a given magnitude. 0-1

hazard x vulnerability / capacity

formula of risk

Risk is a

function of threats exploiting vulnerabilities to obtain, damage or destroy assets. Thus, threats (actual, conceptual, or inherent) may exist, but if there are no vulnerabilities then there is little/no risk.

ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY

impacts of hazards on economic assets and processes (i.e. business interruption secondary effects such as increased poverty and job loss) Vulnerability of different economic sectors. The poor are usually more vulnerable to disasters because they lack the resources to build sturdy structures and put other engineering measures in place to protect themselves from being negatively impacted by disasters.

Resistance

measures taken to prevent, avoid or reduce loss

THE CHARACTERISTICS DETERMINED BY PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

•FACTORS OR PROCESSES WHICH INCREASE THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL, A COMMUNITY, ASSETS OR SYSTEMS TO THE IMPACTS OF HAZARDS.

ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES (2019) VULNERABILITY

•THE DIMINISHED CAPACITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP TO ANTICIPATE, COPE WITH, RESIST AND RECOVER FROM THE IMPACT OF A NATURAL OR MAN-MADE HAZARD.

RISK

•THE PROBABILITY THAT A COMMUNITY'S STRUCTURE OR GEOGRAPHIC AREA IS TO BE DAMAGED OR DISRUPTED BY THE IMPACT OF A PARTICULAR HAZARD, ON ACCOUNT OF THEIR NATURE, CONSTRUCTION, AND PROXIMITY TO A HAZARDOUS AREA.