Water, Homeostasis, & Thermoregulation

Buffers are substances that help resist shifts in pH by

-donating H to a solution when they have been depleted. -accepting H when the are in excess.

Carbon dioxide (CO) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO + HO HCO. Carbonic acid (HCO) is a weak acid. Cells performing cell respiration release CO. What prediction can we make about the pH of blood as that blood first comes in contact with respiring cells?

Blood pH will decrease slightly.

Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because

The bonds are polar covalent

Which common event most closely resembles negative feedback?

The water shuts off when the float rises in the tank of a toilet.

Water's high specific heat is mainly a consequence of the

absorption and release of heat when hydrogen bonds break and form.

An example of effectors' roles in homeostatic responses is observable when

an increase in body temperature results from shivering.

Panting observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipates excess heat by

evaporation.

Panting by an overheated dog is an example of

evaporative cooling.

a) the role of water as a universal solvent serving as a medium for the metabolic processes of cells b) the ability of water to moderate the temperature of living organisms

explain each of the following in terms of the properties of water: in other words, discuss water's polarity to explain how hydrophilic substances dissolve in it; water is able to moderate the temp of living organisms through high specific heat, and evaporative cooling. since water has a high specific heat, it is able to absorb large amounts of heat without having a drastic change in temperature. This is caused by the multitude of hydrogen bonds in water, which must first be broken, before the water can begin to heat up.

The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the

hypothalamus.

An overheated and sick dog has an impaired thermoregulatory response if it

increases its body temperature to match the environmental temperature.

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has

less surface area per unit of volume

Metabolism/breakdown of specialized brown fat deposits in certain animals is substantially increased during

non-shivering thermogenesis.

Hydrophobic substances such as hydrocarbons or vegetable oil are

nonpolar substances that repel water molecules.

*O- pointed inward, H+ outward Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule is most likely

positively charged.

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

the effector's response in positive feedback is in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it.

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when

the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise.

Near the goose's abdomen, the consequence of this arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels is that

the temperature difference between the vessels is minimized by countercurrent exchange to minimize the amount of heat lost to the environment..