Web Design
Advantages of the Internet
-Accessible from any Internet enabled computer -Usable with different operating systems and browser applications -Easier to roll out program updates fewer security concerns about local -Storage
Coding Rules
-Always include the <head> tag and include a <title> for your web page. -Always include the <body> tag. -Always include the <html> tag. -The nesting rule
Disadvantages of the Internet
-Requirement to have an active Internet connection -Security concerns bout the sensitive private data being transmitted over the internet -Concerns over the storage, licensing, and use of uploaded data -Problems with certain websites not having an identical appearance across all browsers -Restrictions on access to operating system resources Clients or their IT staff may have additional plugins added to their browsers
URL
A Uniform Resource Locator, colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.
Data center
A facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems
Packet
A message broken into pieces
Packet Switching
A mode of data transmission in which a message is broken into a number of parts which are sent independently, over whatever route is optimum for each packet, and reassembled at the destination
IP Address
A number that uniquely identifies every computer and every server.
HTML Element
A piece of a website, marked by a start tag and often closed with an end tag
JavaScript
A programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification. It is high-level, often just-in-time compiled, and multi-paradigm. It has curly-bracket syntax, dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions.
Internet Relies on:
A series on Connected Protocols. (Application layer, transport layer, internet layer, link layer)
Internet Protocol (IP)
A set of rules that dictate how data should be delivered over the public network (Internet). Often works in conjunction with the transmission control protocol (TCP), which divides traffic into packets for efficient transport through the Internet; together they are referred to as TCP/IP.
CMS (Content Management System)
A software product designed to support the collection and maintenance of digital content, especially for a web site. This course will use WordPress.
LMS (Learning Management System)
A software product designed to support the collection and maintenance of digital content, especially for corporate and educational training content. Elmhurst University uses Blackboard.
FTP (File Transport Protocol)
A standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a computer network. IT is built on a client-server model architecture using separate control and data connections between the client and the server.
Internal style
A style can be applied to an entire HTML document by coding the style within the <head> section of an HTML document
In Line Style
A style can be applied to any individual HTML element within an HTML document
ASP.NET
A web application framework that provides the tools necessary for the creation of dynamic websites.
USENET
A worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers. It was developed from the general-purpose Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) dial-up network architecture. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived the idea in 1979, and it was established in 1980
Plug-Ins
Add functionality to a Web Page, e.g. Buttons and Forms.
Selector
An HTML element and that CSS can be used to modify the characteristics of an element in a specific instance (in-line) or a complete document (internal and external CSS).
X.25
An ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet-switched data communication in wide area networks (WAN). It was originally defined by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT, now ITU-T) in a series of drafts and finalized in a publication known as The Orange Book in 1976.
Python
An interpreted high-level general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its use of significant indentation. Its language constructs as well as its object-oriented approach aim to help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects.
MySQL
An open-source (free and you can make changes if you want to) relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter and "SQL", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language." WordPress runs on this.
Node.js
An open-source, cross platform JavaScript runtime environment designed to be run outside of browsers Basically it is a JavaScript outside of the browser
COM
Commercial
IBM DB2
Commercial
Microsoft SQL Server
Commercial
Oracle
Commercial
Web Server
Computer software and underlying hardware that accepts requests via HTTP, the network protocol created to distribute web pages, or its secure variant HTTPS.
Application Layer
Consists of the software products necessary to allow a message to be sent across the Internet.
Templates
Control the layout of a Web Page.
Themes
Control the look and feel of a Web Site, think graphical layouts.
ID Selector
Defines CSS code that can be applied once to a specific instance of an HTML element within the same document. Definition begins with a "#".
HTML and CSS
Define the content of a web page and how the page is displayed.
Attribute Selector
Defines CSS code that can be applied to instances of an attribute of an HTML element wherever the attribute occurs within a document.
Class Selector
Defines CSS code that can be applied to multiple HTML elements of the same or different types. Definition begins with a ".".
EDU
Degree-Granting Institutions
Empty Element
Does not contain any text content, instead it is an instruction to the browser to do something.
POP/IMAP/SMTP
Email-related protocols for transferring and storing email.
ARPANET
First wide-area packet-switching network with distributed control and one of the first networks to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. Was established by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense
Internet Layer
Handles the mapping of a URL name, e.g., elmhurst.edu, to an IP address.
Link Layer
Handles the physical transmission of data across the Internet. Handles packet creation, transmission, reception, error detection, collisions, etc.
Transport Layer
Handles the transmission across the Internet and ensures that messages are received without errors.
<h1> and </h1>
Heading 1 and end of heading 1
<h2> and </h2>
Heading 2 and end of heading 2
<br>
Line Break
ORG
Non-Profit Organization
<p> and </p>
Paragraph and end of paragraph
WordPress was originally designed as an application to create and manage
Posts
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)
Programming language used to build websites with interactive capabilities; adapts the HTML page to the user's selections.
Domain Name Server(DNS)
Protocol used for resolving domain names to IP addresses.
CSS
Provides a mechanism to separate data, text, etc. from the formats used to display the data and provides a mechanism is standardize formats across similar data, text, etc.
HTTP
Provides controls to define HOW data, text, graphics, and media are displayed on a web page and provides a mechanism to link (hypertext) to another web page.
RAID
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk A data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into one or more logical units for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.
Tools
Software products used to create web pages, e.g. WordPress (this course)
Security
Someone controls access to the web page
Design
Someone designs the web page
Search
Someone needs to find the web page
GS
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (and your instructors initials)
Images
The <img> tag on the previous slide used the following parameters. -src="images/central-park.jpg" told the system to look for the jpg file in the images folder off the root of the current directory, i.e. where the html file was located. -alt="Central Park" tells the browser to display Central Park if the image cannot be found. -title="Central Park" tells the browser to display Central Park when the mouse is hovered over the image. -width and height give the dimensions of the image in the browser window. Increase the numbers to 800x400 and see the difference.
FTP
The File Transfer Protocol is used for transferring files between computers.
TCP/IP
The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks. It is commonly known as TCP/IP because the foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). During its development, versions of it were known as the Department of Defense (DoD) model because the development of the networking method was funded by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA
SSH
The Secure Shell Protocol allows remote command-line connections to servers.
Network
The communications hardware that allows users to communicate with the Internet.
Server
The computers that store web pages, execute web code, store databases, etc. Typically consist of a "server farm" with load balancing and failover.
Load Balancing
The methodical and efficient distribution of network or application traffic across multiple servers in a server farm. Each load balancer sits between client devices and backend servers, receiving and then distributing incoming requests to any available server capable of fulfilling them.
Protocols
The set of rules/standards that allow different hardware, software, and people communicate across the Internet.
HTML
The standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript. (HyperText Markup Language)
Databases
The storage mechanism for the variable content of a web page.
Peer to Peer Client
This model does not differentiate the clients and the servers, In this each and every node is itself client and server. Each and every node can do both request and respond for the services.
True or False: A single physical device can be used to support multiple "servers".
True
True or False: A "server" can span multiple physical devices
True e.g., Server Farm.
PHP and JavaScript
Two common programming languages used to provide interactive functionality to a web page.
Linking to an Internet Web Site
Use the <a> tag to create a link to a web page. Add the following code just before the ending body tag (</body>) and run the code.
Servers can be classified by their:
Use, i.e., the type of software run on the server.
Today we use _________ where a single physical devices can look and act like multiple physical servers supporting different functions and even different companies.
Virtual Servers
WordPress has become a leading product for the creation and management of
Web Pages
Dynamic Website
Web page that contains information that changes, depending on the viewer, the time of the day, the time zone, the viewer's native language, and other factors. JavaScript for Processing
Static Website
Web page that contains information that doesn't change automatically. It remains the same, or static, for every viewer of the site. PHP for Processing Logic
When styles conflict, preference is given to the in-line style followed by the document style followed by the:
external CSS file
HTML supports six levels of headings:
h1 (largest) -h6 (smallest)
Filezilla Example
http://e0686055.csis.elmhurst.edu/CS315Class/Review.html
The difference between a PC and Server is the:
operating system
Domain Name System
the system by which internet domain names and addresses are tracked and regulated.
Why CSS is so Important
•Improved Control over Formatting •Improved Page Download Speed •Improved Output Flexibility •Improved Consistency and Professionalism •Reduced Maintenance Costs
Client-Server Model
•The client requests information and the server provides the information. •The client may be a PC or a Server. •The server may be a Server or a PC. •The client and the server refer to concepts, not hardware or software.
Why Use Themes or Create Your Own
•To create a unique look for your WordPress site. •To take advantage of templates, template tags, and the WordPress Loop to generate different website results and looks. •To provide alternative templates for specific site features, such as category pages and search result pages. •To quickly switch between two site layouts, or to take advantage of a Theme or style switcher to allow site owners to change the look of your site. •It separates the presentation styles and template files from the system files so the site will upgrade without drastic changes to the visual presentation of the site. •It allows for customization of the site functionality unique to that Theme. •It allows for quick changes of the visual design and layout of a WordPress site. •It removes the need for a typical WordPress site owner to have to learn CSS, HTML, and PHP in order to have a great-looking website.
Server Types
•Web Servers •Application Servers •Database Servers •Mail Servers •Media Servers •Authentication Servers