Week 1 Quiz

The Baroque style flourished in the context of the a. Catholic Reformation. b. Protestant Reformation. c. Scientific Revolution. d. Commercial Revolution.

A. Catholic Reformation

The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi and the resulting Treaty of a. the Pyrenees. b. Utrecht. c. Westphalia. d. the White Mountain.

A. The Pyrenees

Why did the English government arrive at a crisis situation by 1640? a. Charles I imposed unwelcome laws and reforms on the country. b. Charles I sought to impose the Scottish religion on England. c. Charles I married a Presbyterian princess. d. James I frequently lectured the House of Commons about his divine authority.

a. Charles I imposed unwelcome laws and reforms on the country.

France's strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of a. Cardinal Mazarin. b. Count-Duke of Olivares. c. Jean-Baptiste Colbert. d. the Duke of Saint-Simon.

c. Jean-Baptiste Colbert.

In music, the baroque style reached its culmination in the work of a. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. b. Frédéric Chopin. c. Johann Sebastian Bach. d. Peter Paul Rubens

c. Johann Sebastian Bach.

In Eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the a. growth of a class of small landowners. b. consolidation of serfdom. c. establishment of many privileged towns as market centers. d establishment of an independent peasantry.

B. Consolidation of serfdom

In return for financial support, what did Charles II of England secretly promise Louis XIV of France? a. England would provide troops to France in the event of war with Austria. b. English laws against Catholics would be eased and England gradually re-Catholicized. c. English laws would be strengthened to protect the property of French nobles in England. d. England would lift trade restrictions against French products.

B. English laws against Catholics would be eased and England gradually re-Catholicized.

When speaking of "moral economy," historians are referring to A. the goal of the state to compel all able-bodied men and women into productive activity that will bring wealth to the community. B. the right of the church to regulate economic activity in order to promote virtue and righteousness. C. a vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit. D. a set of laws that forbid "sinful" activity such as prostitution and drinking alcoholic beverages.

C. A vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit.

What was the consequence of Prince Francis Rákóczy's rebellion for Habsburg rule? a. The Habsburgs lost control over most of their lands in northern Italy. b. The Bohemian nobility was crushed and replaced with new nobles loyal to the Habsburgs. c. The German nobility established itself as dominant within the Habsburg lands. d. Hungary was never fully integrated into a centralized, absolute Habsburg state.

D. Hungary was never fully integrated into a centralized, absolute Habsburg state.

The Ottomans divided their subjects into religious communities or a. Cossacks. b. Moriscos. c. Estates. d. millets.

D. Millets

Cardinal Jules Mazarin's struggle to increase royal revenues to meet the cost of war led to the uprisings of 1648-53, known as the a. Jacquerie. b. Levée en Masse. c. Fronde. d. Vendée.

Fronde

How did famines affect the European population in the seventeenth century? a. Malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly. b. The population remained relatively stable as the little food available was distributed evenly to all social classes at a "just price." c. Large segments of the population immigrated to the American colonies. d. The population continued to grow despite widespread malnutrition.

a. Malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly.

After a defeat at Narva, Peter the Great constructed a new army and eventually beat the Swedish in 1709 at a. Poltava. b. St. Petersburg. c. Naseby. d. Novgorod.

a. Poltava.

The Junkers were a. Dutch merchants who made up the oligarchy that controlled the government of the Netherlands. b. Russian administrators who accepted the westernization policies of Peter the Great. c. Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with Frederick William to consolidate the Prussian state. d. Members of the janissary corps who filled the posts of the Ottoman bureaucracy and military.

c. Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with Frederick William to consolidate the Prussian state.

In Primary Source 15.5, how does Locke understand the process by which a government functions? a. Once a government has been appointed, it is free to make those laws that seem necessary for efficient government. b. The best government is that provided by a group of capable administrators acting in the name of the people. c. The people are in full liberty to resist those who, without authority, would impose anything upon them. d. Because people seldom agree about political issues, it is best to have a monarch with long experience in government making decisions.

c. The people are in full liberty to resist those who, without authority, would impose anything upon them.

In the Netherlands, tensions were always present between supporters of the staunchly republican Estates and supporters of a. the Bourbons. b. the Stuarts. c. the House of Orange. d. the Hohenzollerns.

c. the House of Orange

How did Frederick William the Great Elector of Prussia persuade the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army? a. He offered the Junkers the exclusive right to sit in the royal councils. b. He permitted the Junkers to seize church lands as compensation. c. He confirmed the Junkers' privileges, including their authority over the serfs. d. He threatened the Junkers with military attack.

d. He confirmed the Junkers' privileges, including their authority over the serfs.

How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history? a. Central Europe emerged as an economic powerhouse. b. German lands were finally unified under the German emperor. c. Religious toleration was adopted throughout the Holy Roman Empire. d. Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end.

d. Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end.

After his victory in 1709 at Poltava, Peter the Great built a new, Western-style city on the Baltic called a. Moscow. b. Leningrad. c. Narva. d. St. Petersburg.

d. St. Petersburg

One of the largest rebellions in seventeenth-century Russia was that led by a. Michael Romanov. b. Ivan the Terrible. c. Peter the Great. d. Stenka Razin.

d. Stenka Razin.

What mistaken belief did the Count-Duke of Olivares hold that brought disaster to Spain? a. Spain must return to the imperial tradition of the sixteenth century in order to solve its economic and political difficulties. b. Spain must ally with England in order to establish naval domination of the Atlantic and secure access to trade routes. c. Spain must require all Jews and Muslims to leave Spain in order to purify the kingdom and earn God's favor. d. Spain must secure peace with all of its neighbors in order to reduce the expenses borne by the royal treasury.

a. Spain must return to the imperial tradition of the sixteenth century in order to solve its economic and political difficulties.

French foreign policy under Cardinal Richelieu focused primarily on the a. prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France. b. destruction of the economic power of the Low Countries. c. destruction of English naval power. d. protection of Protestants in neighboring territories.

a. prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France.

The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that a. the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war. b. a constitutional monarchy was possible only in England. c. kings ruled by divine right. d. mankind is inherently good and requires no formal government.

a. the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war.

Which of the following characterizes the English Revolution of 1688? a. The revolution did not constitute a democratic revolution since sovereignty was placed in the Parliament, which only represented the upper classes. b. The revolution marked the emergence of democratic politics, with the establishment of natural rights and the defense of private property. c. The revolution secured equal rights for all Christians, including Catholics, d. The revolution restored the monarchy after the disastrous era of Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate.

a. the revolution did not constitute a democratic revolution since sovereignty was placed in the parliament, which only represented the upper classes.

How did the nature of armed forces change in the latter half of the seventeenth century? a.Improvements in artillery made the use of cavalry obsolete. b. Army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests. c. The size of armies decreased as they professionalized and became more efficient. d. Gunpowder technologies were used for the first time in field operations.

b. Army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests.

The Glorious Revolution and the concept of representative government found its best defense in the Second Treatise of Civil Government by a. Thomas Hobbes. b. John Locke. c. Jean Racine d. Peter Paul Rubens.

b. John Locke

What was one of the social consequences of Peter the Great's bureaucratic system? a. Women were allowed to serve in a few judicial positions. b. People of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions. c. Only ethnic Russians were permitted to serve in the bureaucracy. d. Clergy were allowed to hold bureaucratic offices.

b. People of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions.

Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate was ultimately a a. popular democracy. b. military dictatorship. c. constitutional monarchy. d. parliamentary government.

b. military dictatorship

In the seventeenth century, why did rulers hesitate to crush rebellions? a. Local rebels rarely caused much damage. b. City and regional officials might side with the rebels. c. Armies were expensive to deploy, and rulers feared creating martyrs. d. Local rebels easily hid when troops arrived.

c. Armies were expensive to deploy, and rulers feared creating martyrs.

How did Cardinal Richelieu increase the power of the centralized French state? a. He reorganized the French economy according to mercantilist policies. b. He encouraged Louis XIII to establish an elaborate palace and ground at Versailles. c. He extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of France's thirty-two districts. d. He concentrated on repairing and expanding the country's infrastructure, building new roads and canals.

c. He extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of France's thirty-two districts.

How did Frederick William I, king of Prussia, sustain agricultural production while dramatically expanding the size of his army? a. He required monks, priests, and other clerics to perform agricultural work when needed by local nobles. b. He required women to work in the fields when their husbands served in the military. c. He purchased African slaves to sustain agricultural production while Prussian men trained for the military. d. He ordered all Prussian men to undergo military training, after which they could return home and serve as army reservists.

d. He ordered all Prussian men to undergo military training, after which they could return home and serve as army reservists.

How did William Laud, the archbishop of Canterbury, create conflict in Britain in the 1630s? a. He launched a purge against the remaining Catholics in England, seeking to force them to flee to Ireland. b. He imposed new church taxes in order to secretly funnel money to the monarchy. c. He implemented Puritan reforms into the Anglican Church. d. He sought to impose a new prayer book modeled on the Anglican Book of Common Prayer on Presbyterian Scotland.

d. He sought to impose a new prayer book modeled on the Anglican Book of Common Prayer on Presbyterian Scotland.

How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne? a. The leader of the Spanish House of Alva was placed on the throne by the nobility on offering guarantees that he would protect noble rights. b. The monarchy was abolished and Spain declared a republic. c. The German Habsburg Duke of Austria was placed on the throne after the death of his cousin, the Spanish Habsburg Charles II. d. Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united.

d. Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united.

Within the Ottoman government, who staffed the top DIFF: Levels of the bureaucracy? a. The royal family b. Islamic religious officials c. Military commanders d. The sultan's slave corps

d. The sultan's slave corps

In Primary Source 15.3, how does Olearius view Russians as a people? a. They do not drink a great deal or get drunk often. b. They are peace-loving and do not care for war. c. They never become enraged, even though they are treated harshly. d. They are naturally tough and born for slavery.

d. They are naturally tough and born for slavery.

How did the princes of Moscow seek to legitimize their authority as rulers of an independent state? a. They eliminated all taxes. b. They adopted French coronation rituals. c. They claimed to be both political and religious leaders. d. They modeled their rule on the Mongol khans.

d. They modeled their rule on the Mongol khans.

The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution was a. conflict between Charles II and Parliament over taxation. b. defeat suffered in the War of the Spanish Succession. c. the 1640 uprising in Ireland. d. a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II.

d. a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II.

Political power in the Dutch Republic was a. held by the central government. b. held by the stadholder and his royal courtiers. c. exercised by a democratically elected States-General. d. controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen.

d. controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen.

Mercantilist theory postulated that a. government should not interfere in the economy. b. free trade would maximize the wealth of all nations. c. imports and exports should be equally balanced. d. economic activity should be regulated by and for the state.

d. economic activity should be regulated by and for the state.

Mercantilist theory postulated that a. imports and exports should be equally balanced. b. government should not interfere in the economy. c. free trade would maximize the wealth of all nations. d. economic activity should be regulated by and for the state.

d. economic activity should be regulated by and for the state.

Typically, French classicism a. emphasized individualistic renderings of society. b. had little support from the royal government. c. challenged existing concepts concerning art. d. presented subject matter associated with classical antiquity.

d. presented subject matter associated with classical antiquity.

In Two Treatises of Government (Primary Source 15.5), John Locke notes that a. the government cannot run efficiently if it must always check with the people. b. the government must levy taxes as it sees fit. c. the government must be free to set taxes at whatever DIFF: Level is necessary. d. the government must obtain the consent of the majority for taxes.

d. the government must obtain the consent of the majority for taxes.

The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was a. reform of the church. b. the sovereignty of the people. c. a belief in decentralization. d. the subordination of all institutions to the monarchy.

d. the subordination of all institutions to the monarchy.