WEEK 1 US History: Chpt 16

The country that controlled New Mexico and other lands of the Far West prior to control by the Mexican Republic around 1819 was

Spain

The relationship between rail lines and cattle lines could best be described as

cattle lines often ended in towns on major rail lines

The systematic placing of Indians on reservations was known as the "_________" policy

concentration

Found in the Anaconda mine, __________ supported the long-term growth of the Montana economy

copper

Nineteenth-century novels idealized the ________ as a uniquely American hero

cowboy

the works of Mark Twain romanticized the American frontier by

depicting freedom from social constraints

the Plains Indians tribes that joined together in the mid-nineteenth century to form a powerful alliance that ruled the northern plains were the

Arapaho, Sioux, and Cheyenne

In the 1870s and 1880s, prominent Indian leaders of the West included

Geronimo, and Chief Joseph

The significance of completing the transcontinental railroad was

states were inspired to support construction of subsidiary lines

In mining towns, women who needed money often worked as

tavernkeepers, laundresses, prostitutes, or cooks

After the Civil War, most new settlers to the West came from

the East

The awe-inspiring qualities of the Western landscape were commonly depicted by painters of...

the Rocky Mountain school

Results of the worldwide overproduction of farm goods that began in the mid-1880s include:

*It led to a drop in prices of most agricultural goods *It created economic distress for many American farm families

Reasons that many Chinese entered the laundry business

*Most laundry jobs did not require extensive English skills *Laundries did not require much start-up money

Major challenges to the cattle industry in the late 1880s include:

*spread of farms *competition from other herders *overgrazing and overstocking *harsh weather

In 1858, a rich source of silver was found in Nevada. This discovery took the name of its discoverer and became known as the

Comstock Lode

The Bureau of _______________ was established to administer to the Indian reservations

Indian Affairs

How did the role of Mexicans change in late-nineteenth century New Mexico?

They were forced into low-paying labor jobs

Why did white opinion of Chinese immigrants change during the 1850s?

Whites became jealous of the Chinese who prospered, especially in gold mines

Construction on the Central pacific rail line was marked by the refusal to give Chinese laborers

adequate shelter

Hunters and others slaughtered buffalos by the millions

after the Civil War

In the mid-1870s, Joseph H. Glidden and I.L. Ellwood developed and marketed ____________, which helped revolutionize fencing practices worldwide

barbed wire

As more and more English-speaking immigrants entered California, many Hispanics known as Californios found themselves living in ____________ in Los Angeles

barrios

Most nineteenth-century Chinese organizations in America functioned as a type of ___________ society

benevolent

As part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs' assimilation policy, Indian children were taken from their families and sent to ___________ run by whites

boarding schools

Some tribes of Plains Indians lived a sedentary life as farmers, but others subsisted on hunting _________, which provided the economic basis for Plains Indians' way of life

buffalo

As part of the Dawes Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs'

encouraged the creation of Christian churches on Indian reservations

Workers in the West had greater __________ than those in the East

ethnic diversity

Pacific Coast Indians supported themselves by participating in agriculture as well as

fishing and foraging

the slaughter of buffalo in huge numbers greatly impacted Indians'

food sources

According to Frederick Jackson Turner's Turner thesis, expansion to the West has led to closing the

frontier

The Homestead Act encouraged migration to the West by

giving settlers land for a small fee in exchange for occupying the land

the attack on tribal sovereignty created by the Dawes act could best be described as

gradual

Chinese women in the West most often

had been sold into prostitution

Major grievances western farmers had in the late nineteenth century include:

inflated rail costs, and high interest rates

___________ posed the greatest challenge to laborers in the West

lack of job security

In 1852, to exclude the Chinese from mining, the California legislature

levied a tax on foreign miners

Why did the Indians' actions at Little Bighorn ultimately fail

many of the warriors disbanded and were killed or captured by US troops (also George Custer was here and important apparently, just fyi)

Secular forces in Mexican government dismantled traditional Hispanic _________ society in California

mission

What was the status of the western US territories by 1900

most of the territories had become states

The single most important contributor to settlement of the West was

railroad construction

Western farmers' main grievance was the high prices that ________ charged for services

railroads

The __________ established the more permanent economies in areas with mineral strikes

ranchers and cattle herders

Initially, Indian resistance to white expansion took the form of

small-scale raids

US Expansion to the Southwest affected Spanish-speaking communities in New Mexico because

the ruling classes lost their power

Before the Civil War, most settlers travelled through the Great Plains in

wagons

Western agricultural life was defined by ________ shortages

water

The dual labor system that developed in the West was characterized by unequal treatment of

white and nonwhite racial groups