Week 11 Head Neck Face and Spine HW and Quiz

Circulation to the facial region is supplied by the internal carotid artery.

False, external carotid artery

Raccoon eyes and Battle's sign are early indications of basilar skull fracture.

False, late signs

Acute retinal artery occulsion results in sudden, painful loss of vision in the eye.

False, not painful

The clear, watery fluid filling the posterior chamber of the eye is called the aqueous humor.

False, visceral humor

Which of the following is TRUE regarding chest wall contusion?

In the pediatric patient, you may find chest wall contusion and internal injury without rib fracture.

Which classification of Le Fort fracture(s) usually result in cerebrospinal fluid leakage?

Le Fort II and Le Fort III

Precapillary sphincters dilate and permit blood flow through capillaries during times of low oxygen and carbon dioxide build up in the cells because of the release of which chemical?

Histamine

Management of the patient with traumatic asphyxia includes:

-Consideration of administering sodium bicarbonate if the patient remains entrapped for a prolonged time. -Establishing two large-bore IV lines for rapid infusion of crystalloid in anticipation of hypovolemia. -Preparation for immediate transport after release from entrapment.

A patient with a significant head injury should receive oxygen is their saturation is less than 96 percent.

True

Even brief periods of hypotension can worsen outcomes in head injuries.

True

Gunshot wounds are the MOST common penetrating head wounds.

True

Hyperextension injury mechanism can be cause by a rear-impact auto collision.

True

Le Fort II and III fractures usually result in cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

True

Lineal fractures are small cracks in the cranium and represent about 80 percent of all skull fractures.

True

One of the MOST common sites of axial loading injuries is the cervical region.

True

Retroauricular ecchymosis is also known as "Battle's sign".

True

Severe head trauma is the MOST frequent cause of trauma death.

True

The MOST commonly encountered spinal abnormalities are kyphosis and scoliosis.

True

The largest opening in the skull is the foramen magnum.

True

The major blood vessels traversing the neck are the carotid arteries and jugular veins.

True

The prominent bone of the cheek is called the:

Zygoma

Which of the following organs is NOT contained within the thoracic cavity:

diaphragm

When caring for the patient with thoracic injuries, you should remember that:

diaphragmatic rupture presents with signs and symptoms similar to tension pneumothorax.

Paradoxical chest wall motion is seen in the patient with:

flail chest

The MOST common penetrating injuries to the head, face, and neck are:

gunshot wounds

Blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac is called:

pericardial tamponade

Management of the chest injury patient includes:

placement of a second or third catheter to more rapidly decompress a tension pneumothorax if the patient remains symptomatic.

Beta-1 receptor stimulation causes increased cardiac contractile strength, also known as:

positive inotrophy

The location where pulmonary arteries enter and pulmonary veins exit is called the:

pulmonary hilum

Your patient exhibits a drop of greater than 10 mmHg in the systolic blood pressure during inspiration. This condition is known as:

pulsus paradoxus.

Open neck wounds should be sealed with a pressure dressing.

False

Rinse dislodged teeth in milk and wrap in sterile gauze.

False

The "B" in BURP, used to improve visualization during intubation stands for blind.

False

The bougie is used during nasal intubation.

False

The eye is bathed in synovial fluid.

False

The hypoglossal nerve monitors and controls the heart, respiration, and much of the abdominal viscera.

False

If a patient's blood pressure decreases when he is moved from a supine to a seated position, he is said to have:

orthostatic hypotension

A patient with a tension pneumothorax is in what type of shock?

Both obstuctive and respiratory shock

Hypotension, in the setting of a head injury, is generally considered less than systolic.

110

Which of the following patients would NOT meet the criteria specified in a typical spinal clearance protocol?

35-year-old male patient who has numbness in his right leg

The MOST commonly fractured ribs are the:

4th - 9th

Oxygen should be administered to a patient with a significant head injury to maintain an oxygen saturation of at least:

96%

The ligament that helps to prevent hyperextension of the vertebral column is the:

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Bleeding from a basilar skull fracture that migrates to the mastoid region, can cause retroauricular ecchymosis, also known as:

Battle's sign

Lacrimal fluid provides the cornea with all of the following EXCEPT:

Blood supply

The strongest of the cervical vertebrae is:

C-2

Cricoid pressure during intubation has been shown to eliminate aspiration.

False

If a patient has significant distracting injuries, spinal immobilization can be discontinued.

False

A precipitous drop in blood pressure signals which stage of shock?

Decompensated

Any expanding lesion within the cranium results in a decrease in intracranial pressure.

False

A patient who complains of sudden and painless loss of vision in one eye has MOST likely suffered:

acute retinal artery occlusion

Aortic dissection and rupture are extremely life-threatening injuries. When caring for a patient with either of these, you would expect:

aortic injury carries an overall mortality of 85 to 95 percent.

Signs and symptoms including bruising to the chest wall; a weak, rapid, irregular heart rate; sweating; and a severe nagging pain NOT relieved by rest are indicative of:

blunt cardiac injury

One of the MOST common sites of axial loading injuries is the:

cervical region

When controlling bleeding in an open neck wound, you should NOT use:

circumferential dressings

After capillary washout occurs, the body moves quickly toward:

death

Cardiogenic shock:

has a high mortality rate

The 11th and 12th ribs are often termed "floating ribs" because they:

have no anterior attachment.

The log roll is initiated by the provider at the patient's:

head

To minimize the risk of developing a cerebral embolism, patient with an open neck wound should be transported in a position, if possible.

head down

A helmet must be removed under all of the following situations EXCEPT:

helmet removal will cause further injury

Your patient has sustained a blunt trauma to the chest. He is dyspneic and is showing signs and symptoms of shock. You note dull percussive sounds over the site of the injury. You suspect:

hemothorax

The cranial nerve that directs swallowing and tongue movement is the __ nerve.

hypoglossal

Platelets are:

important for clotting and blood vessel repair.

Patients with epistaxis should be placed:

in the recovery position

Vomiting with head injury patients is a frequent result of:

increasing ICP

Pharmacological intervention in patients in hypovolemic shock:

is generally limited

The spinal abnormality that is common in the elderly is:

kyphosis

One of the factors that can hinder the clotting process is:

medications such as aspirin

The respiratory center that sets the basic rate and depth of breathing is located in the:

medulla oblongata

The use of the Sellick's maneuver during intubation of a head injury patient may:

minimize aspiration during intubation

Pericardial tamponade presents with distended jugular veins, tachycardia, hypotension, and:

muffled heart tones

Irrigation of the eyes can be accomplished using a(n):

nasal cannula

After inserting an endotracheal tube over a bougie into the trachea, the bougie is:

removed

The breakdown of muscle fibers and the release of muscle fiber contents into circulation is called:

rhabdomyolysis

The "R" in the BURP technique, used to improve visualization during oral intubation, stands for:

right

By adulthood, the sections of the spinal column that have fused are the coccyx and the:

sacrum

One of the reasons that the use of whole blood or packed red blood cells is impractical in the field is the:

short shelf life

The "S" in the mnemonic SCALP, stands for:

skin

The optimal patient position for cricothyrotomy is:

supine with neck hyper-extended

The primary difference between a simple pneumothorax and a tension pneumothorax is that the:

tension pneumothorax generates and maintains a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure within the thorax.

To properly perform a standing takedown on a patient, a minimum of ____ providers are needed.

three

A patient presenting with deep red, purple or blue skin, petechiae and subconjunctival hemorrhage is MOST likely suffering from:

traumatic asphyxia

Alpha-1 receptor stimulation causes:

vasoconstriction.

Signs of a basilar skull fracture are a(n):

very late indicator of this type of injury