Week 12: Diseases Part I

When you eat, your body breaks food down into glucose and sends it into the blood. __________ then helps move the glucose from the blood into your cells.

insulin

In a(n) __________, one of the blood vessels in the brain ruptures and blood enters the brain tissue around the rupture. The blood causes damage to the brain cells, and areas near the rupture begin to lack blood supply.

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Type 1 diabetes affects about __________ of people in the United States with diabetes.

5%

About __________ of strokes are ischemic strokes.

85%

A(n) __________ stroke occurs if an artery that supplies blood to the brain becomes blocked. Blood clots often cause blockages that lead to this type of stroke.

Ischemic

In type 2 diabetes, the body does not use insulin properly. This is called __________.

insulin resistance

List five risk factors for heart disease and explain why they could lead to heart disease. If you have a personal risk factor, indicate that.

1. Lack of physical activity because not moving the body can make the heart pump blood much slower and resulting in high blood pressure, CAD, and a stroke 2. Diabetes- people can have other conditions like high blood pressure which will damage the heart. 3. Smoking- it can lead to atherosclerosis which can result in a heart attack, hear failure, or hear disease. 4. Stress can also lead to arythmia like atrial fibrillation. 5. Obesity and overweight- it can lead to high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and diabetes, which are all major risks for a heat disease.

List five risk factors for diabetes

1. age 2. family history 3. genetics 4. geographic location 5. being overweight or obese

List five risk factors for heart disease and explain why they could lead to heart disease. If you have a personal risk factor, indicate that.

1. diabetes- because it can elevate the blood pressure 2. being overweight/being obese- it increases the risk of having coronary artery disease 3. physical inactivity- because it can lead CAD 4. stress- some people may start smoking which can lead to a heart disease 5. poor diet- saturated fat can prevent blood flow in the arteries which result in coronary artery disease

Which of the following are risk factors for type 2 diabetes? (Select all that apply.) Abnormal triglyceride and/or cholesterol levels Polycystic ovary syndrome High blood pressure Regular physical activity Being underweight

Abnormal triglyceride and/or cholesterol levels Polycystic ovary syndrome High blood pressure

When a person's heart muscle doesn't get enough blood, he or she may have chest pain or discomfort, called __________, which is the most common symptom of coronary artery disease.

Angina

Your risk of having a stroke is higher if you what? (Select all that apply.) Are overweight or obese Have high cholesterol levels Have uncontrolled diabetes Smoke or are exposed to secondhand smoke Are underweight Use illegal drugs such as cocaine and/or methamphetamine

Are overweight or obese Have high cholesterol levels Have uncontrolled diabetes Smoke or are exposed to secondhand smoke Use illegal drugs such as cocaine and/or methamphetamine

What type of cardiomyopathy is this: Arrhythmogenic?

Arrhythmogenic This is the condition of an irregular heart rhythm or heartbeat. This condition is usually inherited and is more common in males than in females.

What is the most common type of heart arrhythmia?

Atrial fibrillation

What type of cardiomyopathy is this: Dilated

Dilated This is when one of the heart's ventricles becomes enlarged. It is more common in males than in females. This type of heart disease can occur at any age and may or may not be inherited.

Which of the following are key risk factors for heart disease? (Select all that apply.) High blood pressure Excessive sleep High LDL cholesterol levels Smoking Being underweight

high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol levels, smoking

Which of the following are symptoms of a stroke? (Select all that apply.) Sudden hunger or thirst Falling or being unstable while walking A sudden and severe headache A sudden feeling of dizziness

Falling or being unstable while walking A sudden and severe headache A sudden feeling of dizziness

Your risk of having a stroke is higher if you what? (Select all that apply.) Live on a farm Have a family history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or heart attack Are younger than fifty-five Have had a previous stroke or transient ischemic attack Are African American Are female

Have a family history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or heart attack Have had a previous stroke or transient ischemic attack Are African American Are female

Some of the more common heart diseases include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Diabetes Cancer Heart attack Coronary artery disease Cardiomyopathy Arrhythmia

Heart attack Coronary artery disease Cardiomyopathy Arrhythmia

What type of cardiomyopathy is this: Hypertrophic?

Hypertrophic This is a thickening of the heart muscle. It often starts during childhood or the teen years. This is called pediatric cardiomyopathy. The slow thickening of the heart muscle does not always have symptoms and can cause sudden, surprise death in adulthood. This condition is usually inherited. It is important that all family members of someone with this type of heart disease be tested to ensure that they don't have this condition as well.

Type 1 diabetes is also known as __________ or __________. (Choose two.)

Insulin-dependent diabetes Juvenile diabetes

Which of the following are ways you can reduce your risk of having a stroke? (Select all that apply.) Maintain a healthy weight Get regular physical activity Move to a colder climate Control your cholesterol levels If you have diabetes, control your blood sugar levels

Maintain a healthy weight Get regular physical activity Control your cholesterol levels If you have diabetes, control your blood sugar levels

Type 2 diabetes is usually treated with what? (Choose three.)

Oral medications (pills) Lifestyle change Insulin

What type of cardiomyopathy is this: Restrictive?

Restrictive This is the scarring and/or stiffening of the heart muscle. This is the least common condition of the four cardiomyopathy conditions.

List five risk factors for stroke and five symptoms of stroke. If you have a personal risk factor, indicate that.

Risk factors: 1. high blood pressure 2. being overweight or obese 3. high cholesterol levels 4. cardiovascular disease 5. illegal drug use Symptomps: 1. sudden and severe headaches 2. sudden loss of vision 3. sudden feeling of diziness 4. difficulty talking/understanding 5. falling while walking

Types of hemorrhagic stroke include which of the following? (Choose two.) Embolic Ischemic Subarachnoid Intracerebral Thrombotic

Subarachnoid Intracerebral

Expectant moms can help control gestational diabetes by __________, __________, and, if prescribed and necessary, __________. (Choose three.) Taking medication Taking warm baths Exercising Getting a lot of sleep Eating healthy foods

Taking medication Exercising Eating healthy foods

A(n) __________ stroke is caused by a blood clot in one of the arteries leading to the brain. The clot may be due to plaque building up in the arteries going to the brain, reducing the blood flow to the brain.

Thrombotic

Examples of stroke symptoms include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Trouble speaking Trouble understanding speech Severe pain in the chest A sudden loss of vision Sudden weakness, paralysis (inability to move), or numbness of the face, arms, or legs, especially on one side of the body

Trouble speaking, trouble understanding speech, a sudden loss of vision, sudden weakness, paralysis, or numbness of the face, arms, or legs, especially on one side of the body

In __________ diabetes, the immune system does not function properly, and it destroys cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. This means that the pancreas cannot make the insulin it needs (or enough insulin) to break down the foods eaten.

Type 1

__________ diabetes is the most common form of diabetes.

Type 2

__________ is when the heart beats too slowly, too quickly, or in an irregular way.

arrhythmia

__________ is a term used for several different diseases/conditions of the heart muscle. There are many causes of these diseases. Likewise, there are many different symptoms and treatments as well. These diseases can affect males and females of all ages and ethnic backgrounds. In these diseases, the muscle in the heart changes to become thick, thin, stiff, or filled with fluid that does not belong in the heart. When that happens, the heart has a reduced ability to pump blood. The inability to pump blood can result in irregular heartbeats, blood backing up into the lungs or other areas of the body, or heart failure.

cardiomyopathy

Which of the following are possible complications of diabetes? (Select all that apply.) Cardiovascular disease Unexplained weight loss Kidney damage Dental caries Nerve damage Cancer Eye damage

cardiovascular disease kidney damage nerve damage eye damage

The most common type of heart disease in the United States is __________.

coronary artery disease

__________ is caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart and other parts of the body.

coronary artery disease

Which of the following physical conditions and lifestyle choices increase(s) the risk of developing heart disease? (Select all that apply.) Regular exercise Being underweight Diabetes Being overweight Being obese Excessive alcohol use Lack of physical activity Poor diet

diabetes, being overweight, being obese, excessive alchohol use, lack of physical activity, poor diet

For one in every __________ heart attacks, the person does not know there is damage to his or her heart before he or she has a heart attack, and this is called a "silent heart attack."

five

In the United States, someone has a heart attack every __________.

forty two seconds

A(n) __________ is often caused by CAD, and it happens when one or more parts of the heart muscle do not get enough blood. The heart becomes damaged so severely that part of the heart muscle atrophies (dies).

heart attack

In the United States, what is the leading cause of death among people from most ethnic backgrounds?

heart disease

In the United States, someone dies from a heart disease every __________.

minute

What is another name for a heart attack?

myocardial infarction

Cardiomyopathy can also occur in children, and this is known as __________. It can affect any child of any age, gender, or ethnic background. It can be inherited, or a child may get it from a viral infection; however, the cause is not always known.

pedriatic cardiomyopathy