WEEK 14 [SOC220] "POPULATION, URBANIZATION & ENVIRONMENT"

______ are the communities surrounding cities, typically close enough for a daily commute in, but far enough away to allow for more space than city living affords.

Suburbs

Cornucopian theory scoffs at the idea of humans wiping themselves out; it asserts that human ingenuity can resolve any environmental or social issues that develop.

True

Gentrification occurs when members of the middle and upper classes enter and renovate city areas that have been historically less affluent while the poor urban underclass are forced by resulting price pressures to leave those neighborhoods for increasingly decaying portions of the city.

True

Urbanization is the study of the social, political, and economic relationships in cities, and someone specializing in urban sociology studies those relationships.

True

_____ is the number of people entering a population through birth or immigration is equal to the number of people leaving it via death or emigration.

Zero population growth

According to Malthusian theory, three factors would control human population that exceeded the earth's carrying capacity, or how many people can live in a given area considering the amount of available resources. Malthus identified these factors as:

war, famine and disease. terms that in his viewing are "positive checks".

Demography is the study of populations.

True

Changing fertility, mortality, and migration rates make up the total _________, a snapshot of the demographic profile of a population.

population composition

_______ suggests that future population growth will develop along a predictable four-stage model.

Demographic transition theory

__________ refers to the way in which minority group neighborhoods (populated primarily by people of color and members of low socioeconomic groups) are burdened with a disproportionate number of hazards, including toxic waste facilities, garbage dumps, and other sources of environmental pollution and foul odors that lower the quality of life.

Environmental racism

Asylum-seekers are defined as an individual who has been forced to leave his or her country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster, while refugees are those whose claim to refugee status has not been validated.

False

_________ of a society is a measure noting the number of children born.

Fertility rate

________ is another word for hydraulic fracturing, a method used to recover gas and oil from shale by drilling down into the earth and directing a high-pressure mixture of water, sand, and proprietary chemicals into the rock.

Fracking

_______ is a functionalist field of study that looks at on the relationship between people and their built and natural physical environments.

Human ecology