week 2 ch 1, 6

Which of the following describes the epidermis? a.Keeps out harmful chemicals and pathogens b.All of the answer choices are correct c.Protects the skin against mechanical injury d.Retains water in deeper skin layers

b.All of the answer choices are correct

Which is the most likely explanation for the defect in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, in which the skin blisters in response to any touch? a.The skin has too many melanocytes that produce too much melanin. b.Collagen fibrils that attach the epidermis to the dermis break down. c.The skin layers are reversed. d.Melanocytes cannot produce melanin.

b.Collagen fibrils that attach the epidermis to the dermis break down.

Positive feedback mechanisms a. cause long-term changes. b.move conditions away from the normal state. c.usually produce stable conditions. d.bring conditions back to the normal state.

b.move conditions away from the normal state.

Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment? a.Dermal blood vessels dilate. b.Smooth muscles relax. c.Sweat glands become active. d.Dermal blood vessels constrict.

d.Dermal blood vessels constrict.

Which of the following is not a method for helping prevent pressure ulcer formation? a.Massaging the skin b.Providing adequate fluid intake c.Eating foods rich in protein d.Maintaining one body position

d.Maintaining one body position

If a nerve blocker were injected into the dermis, which structures would be primarily affected? a.Hair, melanocytes, and pores b.Fingernails and toenails c.Bone, tendons, and muscles d.Muscles, glands, and sensory receptors

d.Muscles, glands, and sensory receptors

You accidentally cut your hand. Bloodplatelets in the area begin to attach to the broken blood vessels in the wound. What needs to happen next to create a positive feedback mechanism? a.The action of platelets sticking to the broken area signals for blood to stop flowing to that area, stopping the bleeding. b.The platelets send signals to the brain to slow heart rate and slow the bleeding. c.The sensation of pain in your hand causes your muscles to jerk your hand away from the danger. Incorrect d.The platelets change shape to encourage more to rush in and stick to each other to form plugs over the broken vessels.

d.The platelets change shape to encourage more to rush in and stick to each other to form plugs over the broken vessels.

Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands a.in whether or not they are associated with hair follicles. b.in their location. c.in type of secretion. d.all of the answer choices are correct.

d.all of the answer choices are correct.

A warm surface loses heat to the air molecules continuously circulating over it by a.conduction. b.radiation. c.evaporation. d.convection

d.convection

The arrector pili muscle is composed of striated muscle tissue. Select one: True False

False

The elbow is distal to the wrist. Select one: True False

False

The head is superior to the neck. Select one: True False

True

The maintenance of a steady body temperature in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions illustrates homeostasis. Select one: True False

True

The skin is one of the larger organs in the body by weight. Select one: True False

True

Signs of aging at the cellular level are a.impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts. b.graying hair, waning strength, and wrinkles. c.a fatty liver and clogged blood vessels. d.unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins.

a.impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts. d.unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins.

Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with a.muscles, glands, and sensory receptors. b.bone, tendons, and muscles. c.hair, melanocytes, and pores. d.fingernails and toenails.

a.muscles, glands, and sensory receptors.

The subcutaneous layer is a.not part of the skin. b.between the epidermis and the dermis. c.made of squamous epithelium. d.part of the basement membrane.

a.not part of the skin.

The major blood vessels that supply the skin are in the a.epidermis. b.dermis. c.stratum corneum. d.basement membrane.

b.dermis.

Wrinkled and sagging skin results from a.heredity only. b.drinking too much water. c. loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen. d.excess subcutaneous fat.

c. loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen.

Sweat cools the body by a.conduction. b.convection. c.radiation. d.evaporation

d.evaporation

The granulations that appear during the healing of a large, open wound are composed mainly of a.phagocytic cells. b.scar tissue. c.blood clots. d.fibroblasts surrounding blood vessels.

d.fibroblasts surrounding blood vessels.

Cell death first occurs a.at puberty. b.at age 50. c.at age 60. d.in the fetus.

d.in the fetus.

Injections that are administered into the tissues of the skin are called a.intramuscular. b.subcutaneous. c.hypodermic. d.intradermal.

d.intradermal.

In negative feedbackmechanisms, changes away from the normal state a.stimulate a reduction in all requirements of the body. b.inhibit all body reactions. c.stimulate changes in the same direction. d.stimulate changes in the opposite direction.

d.stimulate changes in the opposite direction.

The major blood vessels that supply the skin lie between the dermis and the epidermis. Select one: True False

False

The parietal pericardium is attached to the surface of the heart. Select one: True False

False

The parietal pleura is a visceral membrane. Select one: True False

False

Sweating cools the body by evaporation. Select one: True False

True

A body has been sectioned in such a way that there is one whole lung per section and the urinary bladder has been split in half.What type of section is this? a.Sagittal b.Transverse c.Coronal d.Frontal

a.Sagittal

A patient with high blood pressure is put on a vasodilator, which causes blood vessels to dilate. One of the side effects will be pale, cool skin. Select one: True False

False

An elderly person would be less vulnerable to emerging influenzas and other seasonal viruses due to increased cell efficiency and heightened cell division. Select one: True False

False

Chromosomes get longeras a cell ages. Select one: True False

False

Homeostasis is the body's maintenance of an unstable internal environment. Select one: True False

False

Hypothermia is elevated body temperature due to exposure toheat and the inability of the body to cool down. Select one: True False

False

The anatomical position is lying down, as a cadaver would be positioned. Select one: True False

False

Aging begins in the fetus. Select one: True False

True

Paired organs that are bilateral on the left-right plane of the body would be separated by a sagittal section. Select one: True False

True

The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities. Select one: True False

True

The ears are lateral to the eyes. Select one: True False

True

You have a condition in which your fibroblasts are functional, but very inefficient and produce collagen at a slow rate.You accidentally cut yourself. What will be true of the healing process? a.The process of wound closing in the dermis will be very slow. b.Only the epidermis will heal. The dermis will remain injured until medical intervention occurs. c. Heavy scar tissue will be produced in the wound. d.No scab or clotting will form.

a.The process of wound closing in the dermis will be very slow.

Metabolism is defined as __________. a.all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life b.the removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions c.the breakdown of substances into simpler forms d.the taking in of nutrients

a.all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life

The subcutaneous layer consists of a.areolar and adipose tissue. b.epithelial tissue. c.adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue. d.epithelial tissueand areolar tissue.

a.areolar and adipose tissue.

Epidermis is __________, whereas dermis is __________. a.composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve cell processes b.the outermost layer of the skin; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue c.largely composed of dense connective tissue; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue d.the innermost layer of the skin; under the epidermis

a.composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve cell processes

Reddened skin reflects a.dilated blood vessels with more blood entering the dermis. b.eating too many carrots. c.inheriting extra melanin. d.constricted blood vessels with more blood entering the epidermis.

a.dilated blood vessels with more blood entering the dermis.

The human integumentary system includes a.skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat glands. b.bones and muscles. c.the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. d.only one type of tissue.

a.skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat glands.

As a person ages, the skin typically becomes a.spotted with patches of pigment. b.more opaque. c.more elastic. d.thicker.

a.spotted with patches of pigment.

The thoracic cavity lies __________the abdominopelvic cavity. a.superior to b.inferior to c.dorsal (posterior) to d.ventral (anterior) to

a.superior to

Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperature because a.the number of sweat glands diminishes. b.their sebaceous glands become overactive. c.the skin becomes too oily. d.they sweat excessively.

a.the number of sweat glands diminishes.

Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin? a.The dermis contains smooth muscle and nervous tissue. b.The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis. c.The dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis. d.The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.

b.The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis.

Which of the following illustrates a positive feedback mechanism? a.Control of blood sugar b.Uterine contractions during childbirth c.Body temperature control d.Maintaining blood pressure

b.Uterine contractions during childbirth

Hypothermia is a.a form of hair loss. b.a lowered body temperature. c.associated with exercising vigorously in the heat. d.accompanied by fever.

b.a lowered body temperature.

Fever is a.a special case of hypothermia in which body temperature falls to protect the core from infection. b.a special case of hyperthermia in which body temperature rises in response to an elevated set point, typically in response to infection. c.due to exposure to heat. d.a result of inflammation.

b.a special case of hyperthermia in which body temperature rises in response to an elevated set point, typically in response to infection.

The skin dissipates excess body heat by a.activating eccrine sweat glands. b.all of the answer choices are correct. c.radiation. d.dilating dermal blood vessels.

b.all of the answer choices are correct.

Inflammation a.is a result of exposure to very low temperatures. b.is a normal response to stress or injury. c.is a type of infection. d.is an abnormal response to injury or stress

b.is a normal response to stress or injury.

The nerve fibers in the dermis stimulate a.fat cells in the subcutaneous layer. b.muscles and glands in the dermis. c.blood vessels in the epidermis. d.melanocytes in the epidermis.

b.muscles and glands in the dermis.

Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires a.positive feedback mechanisms. b.negative feedback mechanisms. c.an unstable outside environment. d.decreased atmospheric pressure.

b.negative feedback mechanisms.

Inflammation makes skin a.cool and clammy. b.red,swollen, and painful to touch. c.peel off. d.secrete abundant antibodies.

b.red,swollen, and painful to touch.

Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body are balanced and heat and pressure __________. a.decrease steadily b.remain within certain limited ranges c.increase when the body is stressed d.fluctuate greatly between very high and low values

b.remain within certain limited ranges

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, a.they become dermal cells. b.they divide continually. c.they die. d.their supply of nutrients improves.

b.they divide continually.

The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is a.proximal. b.superior. c. superficial. d.anterior.

c. superficial.

Which of the followingmustthe human body obtain from the environment in order to survive? a.Nitrogen b.Wastes c.Water d.Carbon dioxide

c.Water

A person exercising vigorously on a hot, humid day may develop a.heat exhaustion. b.headache, muscle cramps, and nausea. c.all of the answer choices are correct. d.fatigue and dizziness.

c.all of the answer choices are correct.

Blood vessels in the __________ supply epidermal cells with nutrients. a.epidermis b.stratum basale c.dermis d.hair follicle

c.dermis

In the inherited disease ichthyosis, the skin is rough, brown, and very scaly because the uppermost layer cannot peel off as easily as skin normally does. The part of the skin that is affected is the a.subcutaneous layer. b.dermis. c.epidermis. d.basement membrane.

c.epidermis.

A parietal layer of a serous membrane __________, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane __________. a.secretes serous fluid; secretes mucus b.covers organs; lines cavities c.lines cavities; covers organs d.secretes mucus; secretes a serous fluid

c.lines cavities; covers organs

Body heat is lost primarily by a.conduction. b.evaporation. c.radiation. d.convection.

c.radiation.

The thoracic cavity lies __________the abdominopelvic cavity. a.inferior to b.dorsal (posterior) to c.superior to d.ventral (anterior) to

c.superior to

Pneumothorax (collapsed lung) is a condition that occurs when space forms between the lung and the wall of the pleural cavity. This space would be between __________. a.parietal pleura and the visceral pericardium b.visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium c.the parietal pleura and visceral pleura d.parietal pericardium and the parietal pleura

c.the parietal pleura and visceral pleura

Once a scab has formed, what happens next? a.blood vessels send out new branches under the scab. b.phagocytic cells remove dead material. c.the scab sloughs off. d.fibroblasts from the wound edge form new collagenous fibers.

d.fibroblasts from the wound edge form new collagenous fibers.

Positive feedback mechanisms usually produce a.changes returning values toward a set point. b.long-term changes. c.stable conditions around a set point. d.unstable conditions.

d.unstable conditions.