Week 3 Endocrine Post Pituitary

Action sequence for Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

* Baroreceptors (aortic arch) detect decreased blood pressure/ Osmoreceptors detect increased osmotic pressure stimulate hypothalamic neuron * The posterior pituitary gland secretes ADH * Leads to vasoconstriction in blood vessels which will increase blood volume and blood pressure * Leads to an increased reabsorption of water in kidney

ADH structure

Amino acid peptide, sometimes termed arginine vasopressin or AVP. Synthesized in cell bodies of hypothalamic nuclei as large prohormone

c. Antidiuretic hormone

Another name for vasopressin is a. Oxytocin b. Estrogen c. Antidiuretic hormone d. Cortisone

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

Condition in which the body makes too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH). As mentioned before, ADH helps the kidney controls the amount of water your body loses through the urine. This condition, causes the body to retain to much water

b. ADH produces excretion of water

How does ADH affect the kidney? Except a. ADH increases the permeability of the kidney tubules b. ADH produces excretion of water c. Causing them to reabsorb more water d. When the blood plasma is too concentrated, more ADH is released

c. Damage to the pineal gland

Hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can occur in all of the following situations EXCEPT __________. a. ectopic ADH secretion by pulmonary cancer b. after general anesthesia c. damage to the pineal gland d. after neurosurgery

Diabetes insipidus

Hyposecretion of ADH. The pituitary gland produces insufficient ADH, hence kidneys make a lot of urine. Symptoms include marked polyuria and polydipsia, increased thirst, hypernatremia may occur

Hypophyseal Portal System

Hypothalamus secretes compounds into this system. Which is a blood vessel system that directly connects the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary. Hormones released from the hypothalamus travel directly to the anterior pituitary and cannot be found in appreciable concentrations in the systemic circulation

a. Yes

In women, oxytocin is responsible for signaling contractions of the womb during labor. The hormone stimulates the uterine muscles to contract, so labor begins. It also increases the production of prostaglandins, which move labor along and increases the contractions even more. Because of this effect, DO YOU THINK THAT synthetic oxytocin (Pitocin) is sometimes used to induce a woman to start labor if she cannot start naturally, or it can be given to make contractions stronger if a woman's labor is slowing a. Yes b. No

a. True

Lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus a. True b. False

FLAT PEG F ollice-stimulating hormone (FSH) L uteinizing hormone (LH) A drenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) T hyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) P rolactin E ndorphins G rowth Hormone (GH)

Mnemonic for products of the anterior pituitary. First four hormones are all tropic hormone, while the three hormones in the second world are all direct hormones

Interactions with the Posterior Pituitary Gland

Neurons in the hypothalamus send their axons down the pituitary stalk directly into the posterior pituitary, which can then release oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

d. Posterior lobe of pituitary

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone after being produced are stored in a. Anterior lobe of pituitary b. Median lobe of pituitary c. Frontal lobe of pituitary d. Posterior lobe of pituitary

c. Smooth Muscles

Oxytocin during childbirth particularly acts on a. Cardiac muscles b. Skeletal muscles c. Smooth muscles d. Circular muscles

d. None of the above

Oxytocin originates primarily in the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding oxytocin? a. Suckling is the major stimulus for oxytocin secretion b. Dilation of the cervix and orgasm increases oxytocin c. Oxytocin causes contraction of the uterus d. None of the above

Vascular actions of ADH

Potent vasoconstrictor, probably only important in severe states of hypovolemia or hypertension. The greater retention of water, results in increased blood volume and higher blood pressure

Renal actions of ADH

Renders collecting duct permeable to water, increases sodium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of henle. Greater retention of water

Oxytocin

Secreted during childbirth and allows for coordinated contraction of uterine smooth muscle. Its secretion may also be stimulated by suckling, as it promotes milk ejection through contraction of smooth muscle in the breast. It is a positive feedback loop

d. Hypothalamus

Stored oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone in posterior lobe are released when they receive nerve impulses from a. Thalamus b. Cerebrum c. Pons d. Hypothalamus

d. ADH increases water reabsorption in proximal tubules

The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) originates primarily in the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding ADH? a. ADH regulates serum osmolality by increasing the water permeability in the distal tubules and collecting ducts b. ADH increases vascular smooth muscle contraction. c. ADH secretion is decreased by atrial natriuretic peptide d. ADH increases water reabsorption in proximal tubules

c. Oxytocin

The hormone ______ causes the contraction of labor a. Prolactin b. Estrogen c. Oxytocin d. Progesterone

d. All of the above

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), can produce a. Nausea b. Confusion c. Hyponatremia d. All of the above

c. Polypeptides

Vasopressin hormone belongs to family of a. Amino acid and derivatives b. Proteins c. Polypeptides d. Steroids

b. A hormone that causes a decreased production of urine and increased blood pressure

What is antidiuretic hormone? a. A hormone that causes an increased production of urine and decreased blood pressure b. A hormone that causes a decreased production of urine and increased blood pressure c. A hormone that causes an increased production of urine but no change in blood pressure d. A hormone that causes an increased production of red blood cells through filtration in the kidney e. An steroid Hormone

b. Antidiuretic hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, causes urine volume to increase and blood volume to decrease

Which of the following statements regarding pituitary hormones is false? a. The hypothalamus makes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormones, which are transported to the posterior pituitary for storage. b. Antidiuretic hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, causes urine volume to increase and blood volume to decrease. c. Luteinizing hormone, an anterior pituitary hormone, triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and some estrogens. d. Hyposecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone leads to sterility in both males and females. e. (B) and ©

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water by the kidney; also done in the response to low blood volume (sensed by baroreceptors) or increased blood osmolarity (sensed by osmoreceptors)