Week 6: Nematodes

5 basic characteristics that all animals have:

1. Symmetry -- either radial or bilateral 2. Tissues that result from cell differentiation in embryonic development. Different tissues have different structures and functions. 3. a body cavity -- acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and coelomates 4. Differentiation that takes place during embryonic development. 5. Segmentation or repeating body units

The lifespan of C. elegans is ________

2-3 weeks

How many germ layers are associated with the embryonic development of platyhelmenthes?

3 (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm).

Pinworms, or Enterobius vermicularis, infect ____ of children and ____ of adults in the United States.

30% of children and 16% of adults

What problems does infection with pinworms cause?

Adult pinworms live in the human rectum and may cause itching of the anus.

What nematode is this? What is it's gender?

Ascaris, male

Other than cnidarians and sponges, most animals have what kind of symmetry?

Bilateral (if you cut it in half, both halves would be the same)

This depicts the life cycle of what organism?

C. elegans

what is this a slide of?

C. elegans

What organism is this? what is its gender?

C. elegans, hermaphrodite

Researchers are currently studying what Nematode that exhibits mutely for insights into Alzhiemers?

Caenorhabditis elegans

What does C. Elegans feed on?

E.coli

scientific name for pinworms

Enterobius vermicularis

True or false Caenorhabditis elegans has a relatively long life cycle

False: Caenorhabditis elegans has a very short life cycle

how can you tell the difference between a male ascaris and a female ascaris?

Female is larger, the posterior end of the male is hooked.

What gender is this Ascaris? Label the parts

Gender: Female #1. Anus (on ventral side) #2: Intestine #3: Ovary #4: Ovaduct #5: Uterus #6: Mouth #7: Vagina #8: Genital Pore #9: Excretory tube

What gender is this Ascaris? Label the parts

Gender: Female #1: Ovaduct +ovary #2: Uterus #3: Vagina #4 Intestine #5: genital pore

What gender is this Ascaris? Label the parts

Gender: Male #1: Spicules #2: Intestine #3: Seminal Vesicle #4: Testis #5: Sperm ducts #6: mouth

What gender is this Ascaris? Label the parts

Gender: Male #1: hook #2: Seminal Vesicle #3: Testes and Vas deferens #4: intestines

What gender is this C. elegans?

Hermaphrodite

Nematodes are a phylum under what kingdom and clade?

Kingdom: Anamailia Clade: Opisthokonta

What are the 4 stages of life in a C. elegans?

L1, L2, L3, and L4

What gender is this C. elegans?

Male

Trichinella belongs to which phylum?

Nematoda

What phylum are Ascaris lumbricoides?

Nematoda

roundworms such as pinworms, hookworms, filarial worms are part of what phylum?

Nematoda

Psuedocoelomate

Organisms that have a mesoderm, but it does not extend all the way through the body.

Acoelomate

Organisms with no mesoderm, organs float loosely

The shirk parasite Polypocephalus belongs to what phylum?

Platyhelminthes

planarians, tapeworms, and flukes all fall under what phylum?

Platyhelminthes

What are the 9 Major phylums of the Animal Kingdom?

Porifera, cnidaria, mollusca, annelida, platyhelminthes, nematoda, arthropoda, echinodermata, chordata

What kind of animal lacks definite symmetry, and appear to grow as an irregular mass.

Sponges

How can you tell the difference between a Male c. elegans and a hermaphrodite c. elegans?

The hermaphrodite is much bigger and the male has a small fan (ray) on his posterior end.

what part of the male ascaris holds the female reproductive organ in place during copulation?

The spicule

what disease is caused by Trichinella?

Trichonosis

True or false: The digestive tract of Nematodes is lined by endoderm and a body cavity partially lined by mesoderm

True

True or false: all animals are heterotrophic

True

True or false: There is very little variation in anatomy from one C. elegans organism to the next

True (because the hermaphrodites basically reproduce by cloning)

where does fertilization occur in the female ascaris?

Uterus

What strand of filarial worms causes the extreme form of lymphatic filariasis called elephantiasis? (most common in the tropics)

Wuchereria bancrofti

are Platyhelminthes acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, or coelomates?

acoelomates

A true coelom (body cavity) has what?

an endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm

coelomate

an organism with a true coelom. Has an endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm; mesoderm extends all the way through the body and all guts are attached to it.

what kind of symmetry is exhibited by nematodes?

bilateral

what type of symmetry do platyhelminthes have?

bilateral

what is the vector for Wuchereria bancrofti ?

blood sucking insects (mosquitos)

what is this a slide of?

c.elegans

What phyla has radial symmetry (circular symmetry)

cnidarians

In ___________, the anus develops from the blastopore, and the mouth develops from some other location.

deuterostomes

3 tissues that make up the gut (body cavity) of an organism:

endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm

The adults of some species consist of a fixed number of cells, a phenomenon known as ______.

eutely.

How is Trichonosis spread?

from eating infected pig meat

The predominant form of C. elegans is the _________, which produces both eggs and sperm, and is capable of self-fertilization

hermaphrodite

disease caused by filarial worms (three different species)

lymphatic filariasis.

Most nematodes exhibit sexual dimorphism. They are dioecious, meaning that:

males and females are separate organisms.

What phylum are c. elegans?

nematoda

C. Elegans males have ____ X chromosomes

one (X0).

What carries cells cells to the uterus in the female ascaris?

oviduct

what phylum do sponges belong to?

porifera

In ________, the mouth of the organism develops from the blastopore of the developing embryo

protostomes

Animals with bilateral symmetry are classified as _________ or __________

protostomes or deuterostomes.

are nematodes acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, or coelomates?

pseudocoelomates

Is ascaris a coelomate, acoelomate, or psuedocoelomate?

psuedocoelomate

are nematodes segmented or unsegmented?

segmented

C.elegans are either males or ________

self-fertilizing hermaphrodites

Tissues are made up of the same type of cell, all of which are held together through intercellular junctions. All animals, except _____ have tissues.

sponges

Nematodes parasitic on plants have a hollow, needlelike mouthpart called a ______ to obtain food by sucking juices from them.

stylet

The life cycle and developmental processes of C. elegant are ________-dependent.

temperature

Where are egg cells produced in the female Ascaris?

the ovary

What part of the male ascaris produces sperm cells?

the vas deferens

True or false: nematodes have a tubular digestive tract including a mouth and an anus.

true

C. Elegans Hermaphrodites have ____ X chromosomes

two (XX),