Week 8 Exam Questions

While discussing the elimination of hormones from the body to prevent overaccumulation, which of the following hormones are eliminated in bile? Select all that apply. a) Unbound adrenal hormones b) Gonadal steroid hormones c) Catecholamines d) Peptide hormones e) Thyroid hormones

ADE

A client with many nonspecific complaints has been ordered a positron emission tomography (PET) scanning for evaluation of: a) Tumors located on the endocrine glands b) The pancreas response to an insulin injection c) Radioactivity of the thyroid gland d) Bone density

a

The nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism about the function of the thyroid. Which of these does the nurse explain to the client is the role of the thyroid gland? a) The thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate. b) The thyroid gland promotes development of secondary sex characteristics. c) The thyroid gland releases neurotransmitters when the "flight or flight" mechanism is stimulated. d) The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating serum calcium levels.

a

The physician is assessing a client with a preliminary diagnosis of endocrine disorder. Further assessment findings identify abnormalities with emotion, pain, body temperature, and neural input. The physician determines the need to further assess the: a) Hypothalamus b) Cerebral cortex c) Anterior pituitary d) Cerebellum

a

What usually occurs in the first 12 hours after a thyroidectomy and causes exaggerated signs of hyperthyroidism, such as high fever (105ºF), tachycardia, and extreme restlessness? a. Thyroid crisis b. cytotoxic storm c. myxedema coma d. asthma

a

Which of the following hormones is produced by the anterior pituitary gland? a) Growth hormone (GH) b) Norepinephrine c) Oxytocin d) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

a

Which of the following pathophysiologic phenomena may result in a diagnosis of Cushing disease? a) Excess ACTH production by a pituitary tumor b) Malfunction of the HPA system c) Hypopituitarism d) Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex

a

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary in the normal functioning of the endocrine system? a) Posterior pituitary hormones are produced in the hypothalamus but released from the pituitary gland. b) Posterior pituitary hormones are constituted from components of both the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland itself. c) The posterior pituitary gland regulates the release of hypothalamic hormones. d) The hypothalamus regulates the production and release of posterior pituitary hormones by the pituitary gland.

a

You are caring for a patient who has just had the following lab values returned: low ACTH, high cortisol. What are these values most consistent with? a. primary Cushing's Syndrome b. tertiary Cushing's Syndrome c. Addison's Disease d. Hyponatremia

a

A client with Graves' disease has opthalmopathy and asks the nurse if the eyes will stay like this forever. What is the best response by the nurse? a) "The protrusion of the eyes will get worse before they get better." b) "With treatment of the hyperthyroid state, the opthalmopathy usually tends to stabilize." c) "Your eyes will be like this but there are things we can do to reduce visual loss." d) "Once we treat your Graves' disease, your eyes will go back to their normal state."

b

Which of the following pathophysiologic phenomena may result in a diagnosis of Cushing disease? a) Malfunction of the HPA system b) Excess ACTH production by a pituitary tumor c) Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex d) Hypopituitarism

b

While discussing the regulation of hormone levels, the instructor gives an example of hormones regulated by feedback mechanisms. Which example of this regulation is best? a) In children, the body knows to release growth hormones while they are sleeping instead of when they are awake and running around. b) Following a meal that was high in carbohydrates, a person's blood glucose elevates, which stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas. c) When a person's body pH is decreasing, the stomach lining becomes more acidic to offset this. d) When a female is thinking about getting pregnant, the body knows to release female sex hormones in greater proportion than usual.

b

Which of the following hormones are synthesized by non-vesicle-mediated pathways? Select all that apply. a) Epinephrine b) Aldosterone c) Insulin d) Estrogen e) Testosterone

bde

A 32 year old female calls complaining of dizziness on standing, a craving for salt, fatigue, and weakness. What disease are you concerned for considering the presentation? a. Cushing's Syndrome b. tertiary Cushing's Syndrome c. Addison's Disease d. Hyponatremia

c

A client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. The client is at risk for problems with secretions of: a) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and dopamine b) Somatostatin and prolactin c) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin d) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and vasopressin

c

A client has developed the facial appearance that is characteristic of myxedema, along with an enlarged tongue, bradycardia, and voice changes. Which of the following treatment modalities is most likely to benefit this client? a) β-Adrenergic blocking drugs b) Oral or parenteral cortisol replacement c) Synthetic preparations of T3 or T4 d) Corticosteroid replacement therapy

c

Hormones are usually divided into three categories according to their: a) receptor. b) precursor. c) structure. d) function.

c

Select the statement that best explains the function of hormone receptors. a) Hormone receptors are located within the red blood cells and carry hormones to the target cells. b) Hormone receptors respond to decreasing hormone levels by producing a decrease in receptor numbers. c) Hormone receptors recognize a specific hormone and translate the signal into a cellular response. d) Hormone receptors produce antibodies to block certain hormones from entering the cell.

c

The nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with Addison disease about the importance of lifetime oral replacement therapy. Select the pharmacologic agent that would be prescribed. a) Potassium supplements b) Insulin c) Hydrocortisone d) Ketoconazole

c

A client who has just undergone a thyroidectomy is experiencing high fever, tachycardia, and extreme restlessness. The nurse would interpret these manifestations as: a) Hypothyroidism b) Myxedematous coma c) Addisonian crisis d) Thyroid crisis

d

A nurse on a medical unit is providing care for a 37-year-old female client who has a diagnosis of Graves' disease. Which assessments should the nurse prioritize? a) Cognition and judgment b) Skin integrity and distribution of adipose tissue c) Signs and symptoms of decreased bone density d) Eye health and visual acuity

d

A patient experiences an increase in thyroid hormone as a result of a thyroid tumor. Which of the following hormonal responses demonstrates the negative feedback mechanism? a) Increased thyrotropin-releasing hormone b) Increased follicle-stimulating hormone c) Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone d) Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

d

As part of maintaining homeostasis, hormones secreted by endocrine cells are inactivated continuously to: a) Absorb metabolic waste b) Stimulate production c) Free receptor sites d) Prevent accumulation

d

Hormones are chemical messengers that: a) initiate immune reactions. b) transport fatty acids and lipids. c) cause one specific tissue effect. d) regulate body functions.

d

The hormone levels in the body need to be kept within an appropriate range. How is this accomplished for many of the hormones in the body? a) Sensory feedback loop b) Regulated feedback loop c) Positive feedback loop d) Negative feedback loop

d

The nurse is providing education for a client diagnosed with hypothyroidism. What information about diet should the nurse be sure to include in this information? a) The client should increase the sodium content in her diet. b) The client should maintain a high protein diet. c) Due to increased metabolism, the client will need to increase the caloric intake. d) The client should maintain a low cholesterol diet.

d

Which gland acts as a signal relaying bridge between multiple body systems and the pituitary gland? a) Posterior pituitary b) Thyroid c) Parathyroid d) Hypothalamus

d