Western Civ Ch 14-17

By the late 18th century, the population of Naples, Italy, had reached nearly:

500,000.

The Fronde was:

An aristocratic rebellion against the government of Cardinal Mazarin.

The Stuart dynasty of English kings began with:

King James I.

In the 18th century, Europe's traditional food supply was augmented by which new products from the Americas?

Maize and potatoes

Which groups in European society benefited most from the Price Revolution?

Merchants and large farmers

A chivalric mentality had remained important for some segments of European society into the early modern period, but it's anachronistic nature was satirized by:

Miguel DeCervantes.

The most important opponents of royal absolutism were:

Nobles.

The balance of power in eastern Europe was realigned in 1721 with the Peace of:

Nystad.

Naturalism has a place within Baroque art due to the work of:

Peter Breugel the Elder.

According to Chapter 15, which European government developed into an autocracy in the early modern period?

Russia

Baroque painting is considered by many to have found its master in Diego Velazquez with such paintings as:

The Maids of Honor.

Baroque refers to a style of art that contains the dramatic and the irregular but avoided the bizarre nature of late Mannerism.

True

During the English Civil War, the parliamentary forces consisted mainly of small landholders and artisans, while the nobility supported the king.

True

Henry IV declared there should be a chicken in every French family's pot each Sunday as part of his new campaign of prosperity.

True

Mannerism refers to a 16th century style of art which was highly dramatic and emotionally compelling.

True

Rembrandt gained fame initially as a painter of biblical scenes.

True

Shakespeare's The Tempest is representative of his third period of writing in which he displays a spirit of reconciliation and peace.

True

Sir Francis Drake was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe in search of treasure.

True

Sixteenth-century Europeans believed that the proper role of the state was to enforce true religion on its subjects and that religious pluralism would destroy any state that tried it.

True

The presence of Jesuits and Calvinists meant religious wars became more brutal.

True

By 1660, Europe had undergone:

a decisive altering of the balance of power.

The governmental system used by the United Provinces in the Netherlands throughout the 17th century was:

a republic.

Jean Bodin's Six Books of the Commonwealth was the first fully developed statement of:

absolute governmental sovereignty.

As a rule, Charles II:

accepted all parliamentary legislation passed before the English Civil War.

The English Civil War was caused by:

all of these.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, absolutism was a political theory that:

allowed rulers to govern by divine right and according to their own will.

The English defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 was a decisive moment in Western history because:

had Spain conquered England, Catholics would have made major inroads against the Protestants.

The government of France under Louis XIV would be best described as:

highly centralized, with everyone being appointed by and reporting to the king.

In general, the religious policites of Louis XIV aimed to:

imposed religious unity upon all French people.

The economy of 16th century Europe was characterized by:

increasing population, fixed food supplies, and stagnant wages.

According to the justification given for absolutism, the fundamental basis for order and justice in the world is:

obedience.

The balance of power in central and eastern Europe was reshaped at the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries because of the loss of power of:

the Ottoman Empire.

The increase in the amount of silver flowing from the Americas to Europe in the 16th century is credited with causing or exacerbating:

the Price Revolution, an increase in poverty, the religious wars, and a rise in taxes (all of these).

Aristocratic women were particularly important supporters of:

the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion.

From an international perspective, the Peace of Westphalia (1648) marked:

the emergence of France as the dominant power in Europe, eclipsing Spain.

The primary goal of Cardinal Richelieu's government was:

to increase and centralize royal power over France.

During the revolt of the Netherlands, the Duke of Alva:

used Spanish troops to rule the Netherlands under martial law.

The wars of Louis XIV:

were an enormous drain on the Treasury of France.

As an "enlightened" absolutist monarchy, the Habsburgs of Austria:

All of these: Created a system of public elementary education, relaxed censorship, created a standing professional army, and increased their control of the church.

What forced Charles I to summon a new parliament, after he had ruled without one for 11 years?

An invasion force from Scotland.

In 1600, most English men and women welcomed the restoration of the monarchy. Why?

Because years of unpopular Calvinist prohibitions on public amusements had discredited Cromwell's Puritan regime.

The 16th century writer who portrayedf lower-class people in a very favorable light was:

Ben Jonson.

The architect of the Baroque noted for his Hellenistic-inspired style was:

Bernini.

Which of the following religious orientations did the Peace of Augsburg exclude?

Calvinism

An important technical innovation in early modern Holland was a machine called the _____, by which the hulls of ships could be raised in the water for repair.

Camel

During the revolt of the Netherlands, the Protestant forces of William the Silent were based in the northern part of the country, where the majority of the population was:

Catholic.

The War of the Spanish Succession was fought when the Spanish king, ______, died without an heir.

Charles II

The immediate provocation for the outbreak of civil war between king Charles and his parliament was:

Charles' attempt to arrest five parliamentary leaders on the floor of the House of Commons.

In his own day, the most popular of the Elizabethan dramatists was:

Christopher Marlowe.

The Elizabethan author of Doctor Faustus was:

Christopher Marlowe.

Alhough most European countries have had representative assemblies, the longest surviving assembly is in:

England.

Peter Paul Rubens stressed the ________ of the Baroque style.

Extravagance

According to Bodin, ensuring the livelihood of its people was the greatest duty of a state.

False

Brueghel, Rubens, and Rembrandt were very similar painters who explored the topics of man's wretchedness and greatness to the fullest.

False

Roughly half of all of those accused of witchcraft were men.

False

The Petition of Right declared that all taxes not voted upon by Parliament to be the property of the Church to stop the revenues from benefiting the king.

False

Unlike Spain, which was able to feed itself, France had to import most of its food.

False

William of Orange was knows as "William the Silent" because he often deferred public speaking to his wife, Mary.

False

Poland lost 30% of its territory and 50% of its population as a result of an agreement brokered bewteen Prussia, Austria, and Russia by:

Frederick the Great.

The Thirty Years' War created the greatest devastation in:

Germany.

The Royal Finance Minister who increased revenues in France during the reign of Louis XIV was:

Jean-Baptiste Colbert.

Many writers of the 16th and 17th centuries were as popular, or even more popular, during their lifetimes as William Shakespeare. Modern scholars consider only one of them, ______, to be his equal in artistic vision.

John Milton

Europe, between the mid 16th and mid 17th centuries, witnessed:

Religious war, political rebellions, economic crises, diminishing confidence in traditional authority (all of these).

What Dutch painter was famous for his black and white etchings of New Testament scenes?

Rembrandt van Rijn

The great peasant uprising of the 17th century was lead by:

Stenka Razin.

The Thirty Years' War began when:

a Catholic prince became the ruler of a Protestant territory.

The main theme of Montaigne's Essays was:

a pervasive skepticism about all human knowledge.

James II of England angered his critics and set off a national crisis when he:

and his second wife, Mary of Modena, had a son, a Catholic heir to the throne.

During the first half of the 16th century, northern Europe's leading commercial and financial center was:

antwerp.

Under Maria Theresa and her son, Habsburg, absolutism:

became "enlightened," but was still limited by weaknesses within the empire.

In England, Charles II triggered a crisis not unlike that produced by his father's rule when he:

began modeling his kingship on the absolutism of Louis XIV.

In 16th and 17th century Europe, most formal trials on charges of witchcraft were carried out:

by state courts.

Most French Protestants were:

calvinists.

William of Orange ("William the Silent") fought during the religious wars to free the Netherlands from:

catholic rule under the Spanish.

The troubles of the late 16th and early 17th centuries:

caught most Europeans completely unaware.

More than one factor contributed to the Price Revolution of the late 16th century, but among those factors was:

demographics.

Louis XIV used the Palace of Versailles to:

demonstrate the grandeur of his rule and to control the French nobility.

James I mediated the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants by:

encouraging Calvinist doctrine generally without modifying the English prayer book.

Although Spain was the most powerful country in Europe during the 16th century, it sowed the seeds of its eventual decline by:

establishing colonies in the Americas.

Frederick William I made Prussia strong by:

exerting prudent financial leadership and building a large army.

The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) altered the balance of power in Europe by:

giving Great Britain trading rights and desirable French territory in the New World.

The primary problem caused by the Price Revolution of the late 16th century was:

inflation.

Frederick the Great, of Prussia, made Prussia a major European power by:

invading Silesia and Poland, and carefully consolidating his gains.

King James I antagonized his parliaments by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

involving England in foreign wars without their consent.

The English call the 1688-89 transfer of power to William and Mary the "Glorious Revolution" because:

it established England, without bloodshed, as a mixed monarchy governed by "the King in Parliament."

Charles I demonstrated his lack of political diplomacy when he:

launched a costly new war against Spain.

In his Two Treatises of Government, John Locke argued that:

legitimate government authority is conditional and contractual.

To promote the economic development of France, Henry IV did all of the following EXCEPT:

open up new silver mines within France.

Catherine the Great's interest in codifying and liberalizing Russian law was essentially abandoned when:

peasants revoled in 1773-75 and threatened Moscow.

The Edict of Nantes:

recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France.

The goal of Peter the Great's foreign policy was to:

secure year-round ports for Russia.

According to the French finance minister, Colbert, one underlying principle of mercantilism is:

self-sufficiency.

Absolutist rulers such as Louis XIV sought control over the state because:

the 16th and early 17th centuries were times of great disorder in Europe.

The German religious wars may be attributed to:

the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, whose goal was to re-establish Catholic unity within his realm.

In general, the policies of Peter the Great of Russia included:

the introduction of western ideas and customs.

The consumerism of the 18th century grew to allow more people to buy goods that had been luxuries only a short time before; however, one result of this situation was a rise in the cost of such goods caused by:

the law of supply and demand.

Oliver Cromwell rose to power in England as:

the leader of the Parliamentary Army.

The economic nature of the Spanish colonies in the 16th and 17th centuries reflected:

the principles of mercantilist theory.

The 1555 Peace of Augsburg rested on the principle of "cuius regio, eius religio," which meant:

the ruler of each principality settled all matters of religion.