Western Civ Ch 15 Questions
In the seventeenth century, why did rulers hesitate to crush rebellions?
Armies were expensive to deploy, and rulers feared creating martyrs.
How did the nature of armed forces change in the latter half of the seventeenth century?
Army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests.
In return for financial support, what did Charles II of England secretly promise Louis XIV of France?
English laws against Catholics would be eased and England gradually re-Catholicized.
What was one of the social consequences of Peter the Great's bureaucratic system?
Everyone had to start at the bottom of the system and work their way up.
The Glorious Revolution and the concept of representative government found their best defense in the Second Treatise of Civil Government by
John Locke
The following is an excerpt from Jacques-Benigne Bossuet's Politics Drawn form the Very Words of Holy Scripture: "It appears from all this...." Based on this passage, with which of the following statements would Bossuet most likely agree?
Kings are God's representatives on earth.
HOw did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?
Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end.
The following is an excerpt from a letter written by the king's representative in Burgundy, the prince of Conde, to Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV's controller general. In it, the prince reports on his efforts to compel the leaders of the province to pay taxes levied by the royal government: "Since then the Estates..." Based on this passage, one can conclude that
Louis XIV had to negotiate with local elites to achieve his desired objectives.
After his victory in 1709 at Poltava, Peter the Great built a new, Western-style city on the Baltic called
St. Petersburg.
One of the largest rebellions in seventeenth-century Russia was that led by
Stenka Razin.
How did the princes of Moscow seek to legitimize their authority as rulers of an independent state?
They modeled their rule on the Mongol khans.
The following is an excerpt from the Louis XIV's Memoir for the Instruction of the Dauphin. In it, he offers advice to his son about kingship: "For however it be held..." Based on this passage, what did Louis XIV see as the ultimate goal of the absolute monarch?
To bring peace and happiness to his nation
How did Peter the Great's westernizing reforms affect the process of marriage?
Young noble men and women were required to attend parties together and could freely choose their own spouses.
The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution was
a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II.
When speaking of "moral economy," historians are referring to
a vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit.
French foreign policy under Richelieu focused primarily on the
prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France.
Women play all of the following roles in patronage systems except
serving on royal councils.
In the Netherlands, tensions were always present between supporters of the staunchly republican Estates and supporters of
the House of Orange
The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi and the resulting Treaty of
the Pyrenees.
Louis XIV selected councilors from
the newly ennobled or upper middle class.
The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that
the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war.
The guilding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was
the subordination of all institutions to the monarchy.
Louis XIV ruled
throughout several councils of state.
The guilding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was
to strengthen royal control.
Oliver Cromwell governed England
under a form of martial law.
In music, the baroque style reached its culmination in the work of
Johann Sebastian Bach.
On Map 15.3 what territories did Austria acquire after the decisive victory over the Ottoman Empire?
Banat, Serbia, and Wallachia
The Baroque style flourished in the context of the
Catholic Reformation
Why did the English government arrive at the crisis situation by 1640?
Charles I attempted to govern without Parliament and finance his government by emergency taxes.
Political power in the Dutch Republic was
Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy merchants.
On Map 15.3 what territories did Prussia acquire between 1640 and 1688?
Eastern Pomerania and Madgeburg
Cardinal Jules Mazarin's struggle to increase royal revenues to meet the cost of war led to the uprisings of 1648-53, known as the
Fronde.
What was the outcome of the heightened central control established by absolutist and constitutional governments?
Growth in armed forces
How did Frederick William, the Great Elector of Prussia, persuade the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army?
He confirmed the Junkers' privileges, including their authority over the serfs.
How did Cardinal Richlieu increase the power of the centralized French state?
He extended the use of intendants, commissions for each of France's thirty-two districts.
How did Frederick William I, King of Prussia, sustain agricultural production while dramatically expanding the size of his army?
He ordered all Prussian men to undergo military training, after which they could return home and serve as army reservists.
How did Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud create conflict in Britain in the 1630s?
He sought to impose the Anglican Book of Common Prayer on Presbyterian Scotland.
What was the consequence of Rakoczy's rebellion for Habsburg rule?
Hungary was never fully integrated into a centralized, absolute Habsburg state.
France's strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
How did the Treaty of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?
Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united.
How did famines affect the European population in the seventeenth century?
Malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly.
How did the nature of armed forces change in the latter half of the seventeenth century?
New techniques for training and deploying soldiers led to a rise in the professional standards of the army.
What was one of the social consequences of Peter the Great's bureaucratic system?
People of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions.
After a defeat at Narva, Peter the Great constructed a new army and eventually beat the Swedish in 1709 at
Poltava.
The Junkers were
Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with Frederick William to consolidate the Prussian state.
Compare Map 15.1 to Map 15.2. Which state changed hands between 1648 and 1715?
Sardinia
Why did Ivan IV bind urban merchants and artisans to their towns?
So that he could tax them more heavily.
What mistaken belief did the Count-Duke of Olivares hold that brought disaster to Spain?
Spain must return to the imperial tradition of the sixteenth century in order to solve its economic and political difficulties.
Which lands shown on Map 15.1 belonged to the Spanish Habsburgs?
Spain, Portugal, the Spanish Netherlands, Franche-Conte, Milan, and Naples
The following is an excerpt from John Locke's Two Treatises of Government: "Tis true, governments..." Based on this passage, which of the following did Locke see as legitimate?
Taxes consented to by the majority of the people
Which of the following best characterizes the English Revolution of 1688?
The revolution did not constitute a democratic revolution since sovereignty was placed in the Parliament, which only represented the upper classes.
Within the Ottoman government, who staffed the top levels of the bureaucracy?
The sultan's slave corps
In eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the
consolidation of serfdom.
Mercantilist theory postulated that
economic activity should be regulated by and for the state.
The following is an excerpt from Jacques-Benigne Bossuet's Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture: "The service of God..." Based on this passage, the historian can conclude that, in Bossuet's view,
kings are accountable to God.
The plays of Moliere and Racine
marked the finest achievements in the history of the French theater.
Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate is best described as a
military dictatorship.
The Ottomans divided their subjects into religious communities or
millets.
Henry IV of France did all of the following except
place Cardinal Richelieu in charge of the French government.
Typically, French classicism
presented subject matter associated with classical antiquity.