Western Civilization

Who was the leader of Austria and the Holy Roman Emperor?

Ferdinand II

What was the Treaty of Westfalia?

Ferdinand II was forced to accept the reality of Lutheranism and Calvinism within the German lands.

There was a lot of fighting between Austria and what enemy during 1648 to 1715?

Ottoman Empire

Which Russian Czar sought to remake Russia along European lines?

Peter the Great

With what Treaty was King Leopold I able to reclaim Hungary, the ancient land, from the Ottoman Empire?

Treaty of Karlowitz

Who was Leopold I?

Austrian ruler who had success fighting against Ottoman Empire Also fought against Louis XIV

Who was Peter the Great?

Czar of Russia Sought to remake Russia along European lines

The Austrian expansion into where was a success under Leopold I?

Hungary

What problem resulted for Austria after obtaining Hungary?

It meant that it had an empire full of many nationalities.

What was the Treaty of Karlowitz?

King Leopold I of Austria was able to reclaim Hungary, the ancient land, from the Ottoman Empire

Under what ruler did Austria have success fighting against the Ottoman Empire?

Leopold I

How did Peter the Great westernize Russia?

Made nobles shave beards to be more French, went on massive military building spree, created modern military reforms, created St. Petersburg

Who did Leopold I of Austria resist expansion from?

Turks, Louis XIV

What city was created by Peter the Great to represent his vision for a new and powerful Russia?

St. Petersburg

What was the deal that Great Elector Frederick William and Frederick William I made with the Junkers?

The Junkers were offered exemptions from taxes, and given rights over their serfs. In return, they would serve as officers in this new army. And so what you have is a fusion of the state between the king and his nobles, in the form of the army.

Who were the Junkers?

The aristocrats of the Prussian State

Who was Ferdinand II?

The leader of Austria and Holy Roman Emperor

How does Great Elector Frederick William and Frederick William I attempt to grow the state of Prussia after the 30 Years War?

They try to grow a powerful, strong, and well trained army. They did this by creating a State that was centralized and powerful enough to run and administer an army, but also by fusing the state with a group of nobles known as the Junkers.