Western Civilization 2 Quiz 1 Study Guide

Michel de Montaigne, father of skepticism, put out the idea that what ever is out of the norm for one person would be considered barbaric. Even the colonizers and conquerers could be seen as barbaric in the indigenous people's eyes, for their works were foreign to them as well.

"[E]veryone gives the title of barbarism to everything that is not according to his usage." How did Michel de Montaigne offer a counterpoint, expressed in the quote above, to Europe's growing imperial activities?

Genoese people were forced to seek new slaves in the West Gaunches (Canary Island indigenous people, Muslim Prisoners, and jewish refugees etc.

After losing access to slave trading from the Black Sea, what slaves did the Genoese obtain as an alternative?

They believed they were saving their souls by converting them to christianity. Religion was always the best form of justification.

How did europeans initially justify the enslavement of Africans?

religious beliefs were the main reason for justifying slavery in the 1500s, but then justifications began to be more about science and nature rather than religion

How did justifications for slavery change from the fifteenth to eighteenth century?

The Turks influenced European exploration because they gained control over the eastern mediterraneans sea trade, so the europeans were forced to find new trade routes free of ottoman control

How did the Turks' expansion of the Ottoman Empire and their conquest of the Byzantine Empire and its capital Constantinople in 1453 influence European exploration?

encomienda system was a labor system created by the Spanish crown. Laborers would work in order to receive the King's protection.

How did the encomienda system function?

Persian Safavids and Turkish Ottomans were the two rival islamic empires that dominated the middle east

In the fifteenth century, which were the two rival Islamic empires dominated the Middle East?

The Indian Ocean Trade

The European voyages of the fifteenth century were derived from a desire to share in the wealth of which region?

Europeans would go to africa and trade or kidnap africans and bring them back on ships. Many would die on voyage because of labor and malnutrition.

What are the characteristics of the immigration patterns (forced and unforced) of Europeans and Africans to the Americas between 1500 and 1800?

Europe was a minor outpost that produced few products desired by other civilizations.

What are the characteristics of the role of Europe in the system of world trade prior to the voyage of Columbus?

He believed he found the east coast of japan

What did Colombus believe he had found when he arrived in the caribbean?

The Treaty of Tordesillas was a treaty between Portugal and Spain in which they decided to divide up all the land in the Americas between the two of them

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas accomplish?

the spanish

What group dominated the Aztec state?

email him our inquiries and do not reach out to him through canvas

What is the only acceptable way to contact the instructor in this course? (Read the syllabus)

They wanted to serve God, and save souls, as well as gain riches in the resources of the land.

What motivations for exploration by Europeans are expressed in the following two quotes? Bartholomew Diaz: "[T]o serve God and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich as all men desire to do." Hernán Cortés: "I have come to win gold, not to plow the fields like a peasant."

To gain wealth and control through resources, post black death revival increased demands for luxuries, also religious reasons drove europeans as well

What was a major motivation for European exploration?

The inability of Spanish agriculture and manufacturing to meet the growing demand for goods.

What was the primary cause of the emergence of inflation in Spain in the sixteenth century?

Muslim controlled port cities resisted portugues efforts to gain control over indian ocean trade

Who resisted the Portuguese efforts to gain control over Indian Ocean trade?

they traded their slaves with local leaders

how did the portuguese obtain most of their slaves in Africa?