Western Civilization Chapter 3

What was Pericles' strategy for defeating the superior Spartan army?

To avoid land battles whenever possible while attacking Sparta and its allies by sea.

Trireme

An ancient Greek warship rowed by 170 oarsmen sitting on three levels and equipped with a ram.

Ostracism

Athenian democracy's annual procedure to block tyranny by sending a citizen into exile for ten years by a vote of six thousand citizens in the assembly.

Hippocrates

Challenged tradition by grounding medical diagnosis and treatment in clinical observation.

Sophists

Competitive intellectuals and teachers in ancient Greece who offered expensive courses in persuasive public speaking.

Pericles

Golden Age Athens's dominant politician who spearheaded reforms to democratize the judicial system and provide pay for many public offices.

Thucydides

His History of the Peloponnesian War made power politics, not divine intervention, history's primary force.

Herodotus

His groundbreaking Histories explained the Persian Wars as a clash between the cultures of the East and the West.

Socrates

Philosopher who devoted his life to questioning people about their beliefs, with an emphasis on ethics (the study of ideal human values and moral duties).

When the Thirty Tyrants were overthrown in 403 B.C.E., the Athenians restored their democracy and?

Proclaimed an amnesty to prevent further civil disorder.

Athens's wealth during the Golden Age largely derived from?

Taxes on trade and Delian League dues.

What did the Athenians do that so enraged the Persian king Darius I?

The Athenians aided the Greek Ionian city states in their uprising against their Persian overlords.

Hubris

The Greek term for violent arrogance.

Why were the Greeks able to defeat the Persian fleet in the battle of Salamis in 480 B.C.E.?

The Greeks tricked the Persians into entering the narrow strait at Salamis, where their sturdier ships rammed the flimsier Persian craft in the tight space.

Delian League

The naval alliance headed by Athens after the Persian Wars, and the basis of Athenian empire.