WGST Exam 2

Disorders of sexual development - What they are, types, how often they occur

- A heterogeneous group of congenital conditions that affect urogenital differentiation which the development of chromosomal, gonadal, and anatomic sex is atypical; XX- congenital adrenal hyperplasia (most common), XY- Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (Y chromosomes but cannot metabolize androgens), 5 alpha reductase deficiency, Hypospadias (rare), XY- persistent Mullerian duct syndrome, MRKH, XXY- Klinefelter syndrome (most common sex chromosome disorder)

What advocates say

- Should have informed consent

Comstock Act - What it was, what it did

1873 made it illegal to send "obscene, lewd, and/or lascivious material" through the mail, including contraceptive devices and information

Statistics on unintended pregnancy

75 million unintended pregnancies- 82% result of unmet needs, 18% inconsistent or incorrect use, method failure

Gender dysphoria - definition, medical use

A conflict between a persons physical or assigned gender and the gender with he/she/they identify; classified as a mental illness and used to allow people to get on gender confirming hormones

Asexuality - Definition, common stereotypes/biases

A sexual orientation characterized by a persistent lack of sexual attraction toward any gender

Transgender - definition

An umbrella term for anyone that does not adhere to binary notions of gender

Pansexuality - Definition, common stereotypes, research findings on identity

Attraction, love, and sexual desire for people of all genders and biological sexes

Labels - Problems

Based on a persons own biological sex and that of the desired partner

Same-sex sexual behavior versus identity

Behavior might not math with identity, it all depends on the person

Similarities and differences in heterosexual women's and men's behaviors

Both sexually active, men receive oral more than women,

History of contraceptive methods

Coitus interruptus lactation period herbs pessaries (suppository) condom invented in 1700 1839 goodyear vulcanizes rubber- condoms, intrauterine devices, diaphragms, douching syringes, male caps

Health issues - Psychological, physical, social

Conversion therapy, was classified as a mental illness

Access to contraception

Fewer unintended pregnancies, dramatic reduction in maternal and newborn deaths, lower incidence of HIV and other STIs

Medical treatment - Hormones, puberty blockers, surgery

Hormones are used to confirm gender identity and puberty blockers are used in those who haven't hit puberty to stop the changes, surgery is also used to confirm ones identity

Reproductive justice - Definition, concept, why it is important, primary issues

Involved access to safe and affordable birthing and parenting options including- reliable and safe birth control tech., freedom from forced sterilization, available safe abortions

Definitions of "sex"

Male, female, intersex

Why reproductive justice is important

Necessary to reach global health and development goals over the next 15 years, would prevent tens of millions of unintended pregnancies and save millions of lives

Controversies

Olympic athlete forces to undergo sex verification

Controversies about medical transition

Prior to surgery one has to go through a real life experience- typically one year

Standards of Care

Professionals may recommend living in the desired gender the decision to when and how to begin the real life experience is up to the person who wishes to go through it

Clitoris - Function, appearance

Purely for pleasure, varies in size

Human rights issues - What are the concerns/violations

Rights to marriage, adoption, healthcare

Sexual scripts vs. gender scripts - What they are, how they impact people's behaviors

Sexual scripts are more strict than gender scripts; an expectation of what is to happen

Similarities and differences between gay men's and lesbian women's behaviors

Similar to hetero relationships

Issue of consent

Surgeries performed on children for aesthetic purposes rather than function

Experiences of people with DSDs - Psychological, social, medical

Surgeries without informed consent, ostracization and prejudice

Management of DSDs - Recommendations, best practices

Surgery depending upon if function if impaired, should not just be for aesthetic unless there is informed consent

Bisexuality - Definition, common stereotypes/biases, behavior vs. attraction vs. identity, research findings

The attraction to genders similar to your own and to the genders different than your own whores, has STIs and HIV, closeted gay, confused

Research on pubic hair - Preference, why people remove their pubic hair

The look, the feeling, self esteem

Medicine and trans

Undermined trans-identity by making it a mental illness

Assigned gender - Definition, how assignments are made

Usually assigned at birth based on the appearance of the eternal genitalia

Sexual orientation - Definition, concept, distinction from gender

Who we are sexually attracted to and have the potential to love

Women's feelings about their genitals compared to men - Concerns of women vs. men

Women are more self conscious about appearance- pubic hair is the 1 concern

Research - What are the themes? Common likes and dislikes?

Women have higher discontent with their appearance, common dislikes are pubic hair, smell, and aesthetics

How society talks about genitals - Norms, messages

Women's genitals are made for men and described as grotesque in some instances and women have to be shaven and have to have a certain look; men's are described as powerful and they have to be large

Genital self-perceptions - How do these impact people

Would make people self conscious, would want to change the appearance of them

Kinsey Scale

1-6 scale Kinsey says no one is truly at one or six but at in in between and will fluctuate throughout their life