WH MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: SPRING 2017

43. The actions of Marius led to a) A professional, volunteer army that could be easily swayed b) Mass transportation of slaves c) The allocation of State-owned land to soldiers d) Greater military stability e) An extensive road-building program

a) A professional, volunteer army that could be easily swayed

18. The development most crucial for Chinese national unity was a) A standardized written language b) An efficient bureaucracy c) The mandate of heaven d) The completion of the Great Wall e) The location of the capital of Beijing

a) A standardized written language

37. The Romans seem to have been the most original and innovative in a) Law and administration b) Science c) Mathematics d) Religion and philosophy e) Drama

a) Law and administration

56. The Arabic word "Islam" means, literally, a) Submission b) Holy War c) Conversion d) Son of Allah e) Acceptance

a) Submission

44. The feudal system in Europe arose because of a) Economic necessity and the need for workers b) Fears over invasions and a desire for a sense of order c) The conquering of new lands d) The establishment of large estates that required many workers e) The imposition of Germanic customs

b) Fears over invasions and a desire for a sense of order

47. The feudal system in Europe arose because of a) Economic necessity and the need for workers b) Fears over invasions and a desire for a sense of order c) The conquering of new lands d) The establishment of large estates that required many workers e) The imposition of Germanic customs

b) Fears over invasions and a desire for a sense of order

63. The feudal system in Europe arose because of a) Economic necessity and the need for workers b) Fears over invasions and a desire for a sense of order c) The conquering of new lands d) The establishment of large estates that required many workers e) The imposition of Germanic customs

b) Fears over invasions and a desire for a sense of order

42. Of the many Roman contributions that have affected modern life, the greatest was in the area of a) The arts b) Law c) Architecture d) Business and trade e) Religion

b) Law

13. Shih-Huang-di based his government almost entirely upon the philosophy of a) Confucianism b) Legalism Daoism c) Buddhism d) Hinduism

b) Legalism Daoism

1. Rome was a) Located in the valley of Attica b) Located on the plain of Latium c) In legend, defended by the extreme bravery of Horatius d) AN ally of Athens in the Peloponnesian War e) Founded by the Etruscans

b) Located on the plain of Latium

45. The feudal knights were originally a) Romantic visionaries b) Mercenaries who made a career of fighting c) Well educated young men from newly impoverished families d) Selfless and well-intentioned do-gooders e) Idealistic and loyal to their leaders

b) Mercenaries who made a career of fighting

30. Islam is a) Polytheistic b) Monotheistic c) Polyandrous d) Divinistic e) Secularist

b) Monotheistic

75. Charles Martel is known for stopping the spread of _________ into Europe a) Mongols b) Muslims c) Christians d) Roman Legions e) Franks

b) Muslims

71. Christianity was first spread to the non-Jewish world through the efforts of a) Peter b) Paul c) John d) Ambrose e) Thomas

b) Paul

10. The key figure in the spread of Christianity outside the Jewish community was a) Peter b) Paul of Tarsus c) Jesus d) Tiberius e) Joseph of Arimethea

b) Paul of Tarsus

15. During the Han Period, Confucian scholars laid greatest stress on a) A centralized bureaucracy b) The mandate of heaven c) Mystical love d) Poetry e) Technological inventions

b) The mandate of heaven

52. All of the following were true of the medieval peasants' life except a) Their housing was quite basic b) They were members of agricultural craft guilds c) Peasant women had a challenging role d) Their diet was simple but adequate e) They owed labor services to the lord of the manor

b) They were members of agricultural craft guilds

8. In addition to the construction of massive buildings, the Romans also built a) Pyramids b) Toll roads c) Aqueducts d) Skyscrapers e) Underwater harbors

c) Aqueducts

35. A 9th century Iranian mathematician created a) Chaos theory b) Algebra c) Calculus d) Geometry e) Trigonometry

c) Calculus

4. The Roman Senate a) Met, in sequence, one each of the seven hills of Rome b) Was composed of elected representatives chosen by the slaves c) Had 300 members who were chosen for life d) Was led by three tribunes and five praetors e) Was selected by the clients

c) Had 300 members who were chosen for life

21. A student from a poor family could complete training for a government position by a) Achieving a successful military career b) Converting to Buddhism c) Having local villagers pay for his tutoring d) Becoming an artist e) Apprenticing himself to a master politician

c) Having local villagers pay for his tutoring

62. Constantine formally transferred his government to the East, to the new city of Byzantium (Constantinople), because a) He thought the government should be centered in the world's largest city b) The cultured Greeks were the dominant force there c) He feared the encroachment of the Germans d) The eastern half of the empire needed protection, and the new capital city had a good strategic position e) All of the above

c) He feared the encroachment of the Germans

26. Muhammad began the solitary meditations during which he received the revelations a) Underlying Islam because of b) A dispute with his wife c) His desire to expand his knowledge of the message of Allah d) The difficulties created in his mind by the conflict between Bedouin morality and the acquisitiveness created by the commercialism of Mecca e) The call of the Angel Gabriel f) His desire to Convert the people of Mecca to Islam

c) His desire to expand his knowledge of the message of Allah

20. The worst problem for all Chinese governments has been a) Its isolation b) Its geography c) Its mistreated peasantry d) Barbarian invaders e) The mandate of heaven

c) Its mistreated peasantry

57. Which of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam? a) Frequent and regular prayer to Allah b) Fasting at prescribed times c) Almsgiving d) A pilgrimage to mecca if one is able e) Taking up arms against the infidel

d) A pilgrimage to mecca if one is able

29. The jihad was a) The formal name of the Arab Grand Council b) A form of political exploitation strongly denounced by Muhammad c) The early term used to describe the Prime Force d) A practice which grew out of the Bedouin practice of conducting tribal raids e) A large grey rock located in Yathrib

d) A practice which grew out of the Bedouin practice of conducting tribal raids

36. In time the Eastern Roman Empire became known as the a) Carolingian Empire b) Abbasid Empire c) Empire of the Rus d) Byzantine Empire e) Bulgarian Empire

d) Byzantine Empire

60. What changed for serfs after the Black Death? a) None of them survived b) They were freed by their lords c) Their dues were removed d) Their treatment by the lords improved considerably since they could bargain for better working conditions e) They no longer were obligated legally to their lords, although they could commit themselves to him if they chose.

d) Their treatment by the lords improved considerably since they could bargain for better working conditions

7. Julius Caesar a) Was a member of the Second Triumvirate b) Defeated Octavian's army and obtained the titles of dictator, then dictator for life c) Saw the need for change and strengthened the Senate's power d) Was assassinated by leading senators convinced his death would restore the republic e) All of these

d) Was assassinated by leading senators convinced his death would restore the republic

58. According to Islam, the rules for righteous living included which of the following? a) A hajj once every five years b) Dietary restrictions against meat c) Prayer ten times daily d) Giving help to the poor through alms e) A week of fasting each six months

e) Taking up arms against the infidel

65. In warfare, the main advantage the Mongols held over their enemies was a) Sophisticated technology b) A strong city-state to support their nomadic raids c) The wheeled chariot d) The use of fast water craft e) The development of a strong cavalry

e) The development of a strong cavalry

59. Muhammad's death in 632 resulted in a) Persecution for his followers b) An uncertainty as to how to go about recording his verbal teachings c) A sharp division among the faithful as to how future leaders should be selected and what their qualifications should be d) A great deal of Concern among the faithful that God might no longer bless them e) The selection of Omar as the first caliph

d) Giving help to the poor through alms

24. In what ways did the Han Dynasty resemble the Roman Empire to its west? a) They existed at approximately the same time b) Both depended on hereditary officials to carry out court orders c) The populations of both were mostly rural peasants d) Both A and B e) Both A and C

e) Both A and C

39. The First Punic War broke out over the issue of a) Dominance over Spain b) Control of the Alps c) Control of the Mediterranean d) Latin revolts e) Control over Sicily

e) Control over Sicily

68. The first caliph was a) Abu Bakr b) Muhammad c) Omar d) Abbas e) Ali

a) Abu Bakr

3. The chief executive officers of the Roman Republic who were responsible for leading the Roman army into battle and administering the government were the a) Consuls b) Praetors c) Senators d) Centuriates e) Tribunes

a) Consuls

23. The poet Li Po is associated most with a) Daoism b) Legalism Confucianism c) Buddhism d) Moism

a) Daoism

48. The piece of land that provided the feudal vassal's economic support was the a) Fief b) Tallage c) Homage d) Vassalage e) Right

a) Fief

73. The "good news" concerning Jesus was contained in the written a) Gospels b) Old Testament c) Sermon on the Mount d) Dead Sea scrolls e) Analects of John the Baptist

a) Gospels

6. The Roman general who began a new system of military recruitment that made soldiers loyal to their general and not the senate, was a) Marius b) Tiberius Gracchus c) Crassus Caesar d) Pompey

a) Marius

16. China's system of standardized tests that gave individuals government positions based on a) Merit b) Aristocracy c) Wealth d) Legalism e) Family name

a) Merit

53. The Black Death a) Was spread by fleas carrying Yersinia pestis b) Killed ninety-five percent of its victims in urban areas c) Had been an ongoing problem in Europe since the late roman Empire d) Killed many people but had no effect on economic affairs e) Had no religious implications

a) Was spread by fleas carrying Yersinia pestis

69. One of the most important aspects of any noble's life was His choice of a) wife b) Wealth c) Courage d) Honor e) His religious life

a) wife

11. China attained most of its current size and shape under the ______ Dynasty. a) Qin b) Han c) Song d) Tang e) Sui

b) Han

34. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Arab Empire? a) It was strongly united under the tight control of the caliph in Baghdad b) It created an era of great economic prosperity in the Middle East region c) It contained fewer urban centers than any other regime of its era d) Under Islamic principles trade was limited and every Muslim received the same income e) It was culturally and intellectually inferior to the Frankish empire of Charlemagne

b) It created an era of great economic prosperity in the Middle East region

66. The leader of the Mongols who oversaw the establishment of the thriving city of Beijing was a) Genghis Khan b) Kublai Khan c) Marco Polo d) Shi Huang-di e) Xuanzong

b) Kublai Khan

9. The basic message of Jesus of Nazareth was that a) The church must be financially solvent b) People should love God and each other c) The written requirements of Judaism should be literally obeyed d) He was providing a foundation for a value system for Western civilization e) He saw a need to replace traditional Judaism

b) People should love God and each other

72. The early bishops claimed to be a direct descendent of a) Jesus of Nazareth b) The 12 Apostles c) John the Baptist d) The 12 disciples e) Judas

b) The 12 Apostles

33. Under the Umayyad dynasty a) Ethiopia became an Islamic state b) The Islamic Arab empire expanded enormously c) Iraqi Shi'ite and Sunnite forces became united d) Internal authority was strengthened by the propriety of the caliphs' behavior. e) Constantinople was captured in 711.

b) The Islamic Arab empire expanded enormously

12. Shih Huang-di reunified China under his rule by a) Cooperating with Confucian mandarins b) Assassinating the former emperor c) Military conquest d) Allying with the Buddhists e) Building thousands of miles of roads

c) Military conquest

32. Muhammad was a) A Bedouin sheikh until his "arranged" marriage to a wealthy woman b) The son, ironically, of a Christian father and a Jewish mother c) Not widely accepted for many years after he announced his religious revelations d) A peasant farmer before he married his wealthy employer e) Originally considered to be an angel by his followers

c) Not widely accepted for many years after he announced his religious revelations

64. Before beginning their wave of conquests, the Mongols were a) Strong allies of the Chinese b) Mountain dwellers who had little to do with outsiders c) Pastoral nomads of the Asian steppes d) A passive people from the Indus Valley e) Defeated by China several times

c) Pastoral nomads of the Asian steppes

70. The rights of the European nobility stemmed generally from a) Conquests in which they had participated b) Legal writes that had been chartered hundreds of eyars before c) Royal patents given by monarchs to the chosen few d) Church documents detailing family histories e) The purchase of titles by the wealthy

c) Royal patents given by monarchs to the chosen few

51. All of the following were motives for the Crusades except a) The desire for military adventure b) Religious fervor c) The aim to increase religious toleration between Muslims and Christians d) The desire to gain riches and land e) To allow the pope to assume the leadership in liberating the Holy Land

c) The aim to increase religious toleration between Muslims and Christians

27. The Koran a) Is the book containing the holy scriptures of Zoroastrianism b) Contained the guidelines by which a Hindu was to live c) Was derived from the revelations of Muhammad d) Means, literally, "acceptance" e) Was first written in 776 CE

c) Was derived from the revelations of Muhammad

2. The government of Rome a) Was originally established a representative democracy b) Contained an element of republicanism from its beginnings c) Was originally a monarchy but later became a republic d) Was developed as a monarchy under the Celts e) Was ruled by the upper class plebians

c) Was originally a monarchy but later became a republic

49. Vassals a) Took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience b) Generated most of their livable income from trade and commerce c) Were supported by the income from a fief of land d) Were owed allegiance by their lords e) Were unfree peasants

c) Were supported by the income from a fief of land

28. The official calendar of Islam begins a) In 222 CE b) When Muhammand and his closest supporters left Yathrib and went to Mecca c) With the occurrence of the Hijrah d) With Muhammad's death in 632 CE e) With the Arab conquest of Damascus

c) With the occurrence of the Hijrah

74. The Treaty of Verdun in 843 a) Divided Germany between the Magyars and the Christians b) Created the kingdom of the Franks and made Charlemagne the first Holy Roman Emperor c) Was a compromise between Eastern and Western Christianity d) Divided Charlemagne's empire into three states whose borders far outlived their rulers e) Provided for religious toleration within the Holy Roman Empire

d) Divided Charlemagne's empire into three states whose borders far outlived their rulers

40. What reform did Augustus initiate in military matters? a) He reduced military service time to ten years b) He expanded Rome's borders c) He introduced the use of the phalanx d) He cut the size of the army in half e) He enhanced the army's role in politics

d) He cut the size of the army in half

61. The only true wealth for the nobility during the Middle Ages was a) A plentiful supply of gold b) The hereditary rank they held c) That which the earned through tread d) Land ownership e) That which they inherited

d) Land ownership

46. The personal element of feudalism was most symbolized in the realtionships involving a) Serfs and the lords of the manor b) Knights and priests c) Popes and emperors d) Lords and vassals e) Burghers and kings

d) Lords and vassals

17. Which of these occupations would have been of least value in Han society? a) Landowner b) Scholar c) Farmer d) Merchant e) Government official

d) Merchant

67. Shiite Muslims insist that the only rightful caliphs are descendants of a) Omar b) Harun c) Abu Bakr d) Muhammad e) Muawiya

d) Muhammad

5. Members of the aristocratic governing class in Rome were known as the a) Hoplites b) Gracchi c) Latins d) Patricians e) Plebs

d) Patricians

19. The development of wet rice farming was significant for China, especially because it a) Freed the Chinese from dependence on Vietnam for food b) Gave them plenty of work for the Chinese peasantry c) Provided a marketable product for exchange with the West d) Provided an increased food supply that led to a large population increase without badly damaging the economy e) Ensured that even during drought conditions in the western lands, the people there could still be fed.

d) Provided an increased food supply that led to a large population increase without badly damaging the economy

31. The term and position of the caliph a) Is equivalent to that of a shaman in the New Kingdom of Egypt b) Had no political aspect, as it was a priestly office c) Was adopted from Byzantine Christianity d) Referred to the individual who was the temporal successor of Muhammad e) Was abolished with the death of Muhammad

d) Referred to the individual who was the temporal successor of Muhammad

54. Flagellants a) Was the term used to describe the aristocratic opponents of rebelling serfs b) Were Jews who beat themselves in an effort to avoid harsher abuse by Christians c) Were a new order of friars which were established in France by Joan of Arc d) Were Christian fanatics who physically scourged themselves during the Black Death e) Were hereditary slaves in 15th century Italy

d) Were Christian fanatics who physically scourged themselves during the Black Death

22. The Han government can best be described as a) Small b) Simple c) Aristocratic d) complex e) None of the above

d) complex

14. All of these are associated with Shih-Huang-di's reign EXCEPT a) Standardized writing b) Book-burning c) Uniformity of roads d) The Great Wall e) Development of acupuncture

e) Development of acupuncture

50. The medieval religious order which was noted for its commitment to living among the common people and ministering to the poor was the a) Cistercians b) Dominicans c) Jesuits d) Benedictines e) Franciscans

e) Franciscans

55. The Muslim calendar is based on a) The birth of Muhammad b) The year of Muhammad's triumphant return to Mecca c) The year in which Muhammad instituted the jihad d) The death of the prophet Muhammad e) The year of Muhammad's flight to Medina

e) The year of Muhammad's flight to Medina

41. After changing his name to Augustus Caesar, Octavian a) Disbanded the Senate and called for new elections b) Quietly removed most of the Senate's powers c) Took direct control of the army, which he reduced by half d) Became consul for life e) Turned Rome into a successful constitutional monarchy

e) Turned Rome into a successful constitutional monarchy

38. Through a series of military conflicts, the city-state of Rome eventually came to control a) Sicily and the part of the peninsula from Rome southward b) The entire northern part of the peninsula c) The west coast of Italy d) Italy's good farmland e) Virtually the entire Italian peninsula

e) Virtually the entire Italian peninsula

25. The Ka'aba a) Was a group of sacred stones revered by the Bedouin tribes, each of which possessed one b) Was a large black rock that was housed in a central shrine in Mecca, and worshipped by all pre-Islamic Arabs c) Represented the Monotheism of the Bedouins d) Was Allah's representative Arab priesthood e) Was the male initiation ceremony when one formally became an adult

e) Was the male initiation ceremony when one formally became an adult