WHAP LEQ PROMPTS
6) Analyze the economic causes of maritime exploration by various European states from 1450-1750.
CONTEXTUALIZATION During the period 1450-1750 The Spanish and Portuguese wanted to cut out middlemen such as Venetian city states since they were taxing foreign countries that traded through them, so they decided to go around them by exploring maritime routes and setting up trading posts along the Western coast of Africa.This relates to the prompt because the Venetian city states caused European states to seek maritime routes to imrpove their economy. THESIS STATEMENT: the economic causes of maritime exploration by various European states from 1450-1750. wereDesire for expanded trade routes for money because European states sought money to improve their economy and Competition between states because European states wanted glory for their country and monarchs. ANSWER Desire for expanded trade routes for money EXAMPLE Sought to expand their Mercantilism economy where goods from Americas were brought to Europe and taxed for alot of money EXPLAIN because of Europe's want for money they expanded their trade route so they could get moeny from their mercantilism system EXPAND when the colonies kept money for themselves lead tot capitalism system answer ANSWER Competition between states EXAMPLE European states such as England sought the glory to have more advanced trade routes than the Ottomans EXPLAIN they wanted to expand their economies power and be better than ottomans so sought maritime trade routes EXPAND Transatlantic maritime routes became more powerful than land based and ottomans and dominated in power and trade
8) Analyze the causes of the Colombian Exchange from 1450-1750.
Contextualization: During 1450 to 1750, Westernization in Europe was caused by Muslim merchants spreading ideas and knowledge from trading. Places like the House of Wisdom and Caravansaries in Eurasia were where merchants from diverse backgrounds could share ideas of their home states. This relates to the cause of the Columbian Exchange because it led to new valuable advancements for further exploration. Thesis: The causes of the Columbian Exchange were naval technology because of Europeans using advanced maritime technology and new trading opportunities because of Europeans discovering new trading goods in the Americas. Example Answer: Naval Technology Evidence: Europeans had borrowed maritime inventions like the magnetic compass, lateen sail, and carrack from other states like China. Explain/Expand: This cause Europeans, Spanish and English, to establish a trading post empires in the Americas which led to Europeans to have control over indigenous populations. Example Answer: European explorers like Christopher Columbus wanted to find new trade routes to India but instead found the Americas where other explorers like Cortes and Pizarro discovered new goods like tomatoes, maize, and potatoes which they could trade. Explain/Expand: The arrival of new food in Europe and Africa put more diversity in Europeans and Africans diet which lead to them having a higher caloric intake. Also led to the increase of labor system, like slavery, due to increase demand of goods.
7) Analyze the economic effects of maritime exploration by various European states from 1450-1750.
Contextualization: During the 1450's to 1750's Europeans have adapted the improvement of transoceanic technology, like the magnetic compass and lateen sails, from other empires. Also, Europeans improve on cartography and have more knowledge of wind current (monsoons). With Europeans having received that much knowledge they have the ability to expand their empires through maritime exploration. This leads to European voyagers, like Christopher Columbus and Cortes, discovering the Americas. Thesis: The economic effects of maritime exploration were closed economic systems because of the great distance between monarchies and colonies and capitalism because of monarchies' desire to gain more profit from trade. Example Answer: Closed economic systems Evidence: Mercantilism being used by the English, Dutch, Spanish, and Portuguese monarchies in the Americas. Explain/Expand: The use of mercantilism increased due the European monarchs, like the British and Spanish want to have a steady income due to being so far away from new colonies. A lot of countries didn't pay Europe instead kept the profits. Example Answer: Capitalism Evidence: Joint-stock companies being established in new colonies: London Company (Tobacco) and Dutch East India Company Explain/Expand: After the discovery of goods, like tobacco, capitalism became a popular way to control one's state's economy. Due to this monarchies created joint-stock companies so the government can get heavily involved in trade agreements, tariffs, navy/army, and etc.
10) Explain the effects of labor systems in the Americas from 1450-1750
Contextualization: During the 1450's to 1750's plantation owners needed workers to help with sugar plantations in the Caribbean because there were very harsh working conditions so they needed people like africans to do their hard labor. This context relates to the effects of labor systems in the Americas because it led to the development of labor systems Thesis: The effects of labor systems in the Americas from 1450-1750 were populations increasing because of all the slaves being forced to work there and dehumanization of workers because they were being treated unfairly. Example Answer: Populations increasing Evidence: Almost 2/3 of the African population were enslaved africans that were brought to the americas in large, cramped cargo ships by Tight Packers and were forced into harsh labor Explain/Expand: The abundant amount of Africans caused high fertility rates due to them being brought in large quantities which led to many slave owners gaining more wealth and prosperity Answer: Dehumanization of workers Evidence: In the mita system, native americans were forced to work in gold and silver mines. Also africans were forced to work long hours in sugar cane plantations in Central America Explain/Expand: So many native americans and africans died due to harsh labor conditions and diseases from the europeans which is why they were brought in large quantities. Due to the large population, it caused a change in the social hierarchy by only behind based on race/ethnicity
9) Analyze the effects of the Columbian Exchange on the Eastern and Western hemispheres from 1450-1750
Contextualization: During the 1450's to 1750's the Spanish and Portuguese wanted to cut out the "middleman," in this case, the ottoman empire was taxing foreign countries that traded through them, so they decided to go around them. This relates to the effects of the Columbian Exchange on the Eastern and Western hemispheres because as a result people started building trading post empires which eventually facilitated trade. Thesis: The effects of the Columbian Exchange on the Eastern and Western hemispheres from 1450-1750 were food dispersion because of diffusing and trading crops and diseases spreading because of Europeans transferring them to people Example Answer: Food dispersion Evidence: Vegetable crops from western to eastern hemisphere like maize, tomatoes, and potatoes which increased people's caloric intake Explain/Expand: Ultimately led to a global population increase as the abundance of nutritious foods resulted in a spike in fertility Answer: Diseases Evidence: Europeans who were conquistadors like hernan cortes and francisco pizarro brought deadly diseases with then from eastern to western hemisphere like smallpox which hurt the indigenous people of america Explain/Expand: This led to one of the greatest population disasters in America with a population decline of more than 50%, and in some parts, 90% of the original population got wiped out.
4) Explain how the diffusion of technology affected patterns of trade and travel from 1450-1750.
Contextualization: During the 1450s-1750s, many new trade routes, such as the middle passage were created due to the heightened levels of exploration and empires' desire to conquer new lands. This context relates to how the diffusion of technology affected patterns of trade and travel from 1450-1750 because the addition of these trade routes helped diffuse the new technology that ultimately affected patterns of trade. Thesis: How the diffusion of technology affected patterns of trade and travel from 1450s-1750s were by increasing the number of sponsored exploration voyages because leaders felt it was economically safer and by increasing the necessity for joint stock companies along trade routes because of the large amount of trading. Example: Answer #1: Increasing the number of sponsored exploration voyages Evidence #1: Christopher Columbus set sail in 1492 from Spain, sponsored by Queen Isabella of Spain Explain/Expand: This was thanks to all of the advancements in naval technology, that facilitated travel overseas, making it more reliable for the queen to sponsor someone to go out and explore. This led to the discovery of new lands and ultimately grew many empires. Answer #2: Increasing the necessity for joint stock companies along trade routes Evidence #2: British East India Company founded in the 1600s Explain/Expand #2: This took place because people wanted to invest in the flourishing trade taking place. Ultimately it led to the expansion of economies into capitalism.
3) Compare the methods by which various empires increased their influence from 1450-1750.
Contextualization: During the 1450s-1750s, many new trade routes, such as the middle passage, were created. This abundance of new trade routes allowed for more travel, increasing competition between empires. This context relates to the methods by which various empires increased their influence from 1450-1750 because empires began attempts to increase their influence as they competed to take over new lands. Thesis: The methods by which various empires increased their influence from 1450 to 1750 were through conquering other empires because then they could impose their culture on the former empires they conquered and by religious missionaries because they seeked to spread their empire's main beliefs, both these factors leaving their empire's influence wherever they passed. Example Answer #1: Conquering other empires Evidence #1: Manchus from Manchuria conquered the Ming dynasty in 1618 Explain/Expand #1: After this they left their influence by imposing a new leader along with their new law, government, people and culture. This is what ultimately resulted in cultural syncretism as the old and new empires merged. Answer #2: Religious Missionaries Evidence #2: The Jesuit missionaries founded in France undertook missionary activity in Japan and India Explain/Expand #2: Through This they left their influence, in the form of Catholicism, probably along with their cultural traditions as well. This led to the today minorities of Christianity in Japan and India.
5) Compare the roles of states in expansion of maritime exploration from 1450-1750.
During the period 1450-1750 The Spanish and Portuguese wanted to cut out middlemen such as Venetian city states since they were taxing foreign countries that traded through them, so they decided to go around them by exploring maritime routes and setting up trading posts along the Western coast of Africa.This relates to the prompt because the Venetian city states other caused European states to seek maritime routes. THESIS The roles of states in expansion of maritime exploration from 1450-1750 were development of inventions because inventions from various states allowed easier and faster sea travel and economic competition because states wished to benefit from trade with other countries to gain power. EXAMPlE development of inventions Evidence Inventions such as Carravel, Fluyt, Carrack Boats from Europe -China: Ming and later Qing invented Junks, Astrolabe, Compass Explain Because from these europeans states inventions these boats caused a much safer, and easier travel that allowed exploration of maritime routes. Expand This lead to more and more merchants and explorers being able to travel farther and inquire about new trade routes that would benefit them which lead to the discovery of triangular trade route EXAMPLE economic competition EXAMPLE For example, The Spanish Conquistadors had a strong desire for spreading their religion, getting gold from trade and expansion, and glory for their country EXPLAIN Spain's desire for these gold caused them to seek maritime trade routes such as transatlantic that would benefit their country such as ones leading to americas where they could spread Catholicism through missionaries. EXPAND Their exploration of sea routes lead to gain of power and their control over many sea routes
2)Analyze the methods rulers used to legitimize and consolidate their power in land-based empires from 1450-1750.
𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗫𝗧𝗨𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗭𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡: During the 1450's to 1750's the civil service exam was used by Confucian scholars that provided China with a stable government system and leaders based on merit that allowed it to become more stable. This context relates to rulers legitimizing and consolidating their power because bureaucratic systems provided stable economies that allowed for the empires to become stable and powerful in order to expand. 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗜𝗦: The methods used by rulers to legitimize and consolidate their power in land-based empires from 1450's to 1750's were religion because it allowed empires to be united under the ruler's beliefs and art because it allowed knowledge of rulers to spread through the world. 𝗘𝗫𝗔𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘: ANSWER- Religion EVIDENCE- In the Safavid empire, Shah Ismail supported the Shi'a Islam religion and converted all Sunni Muslims EXPLAIN- this is because he wanted his empire to be united and it led to his rule to be more prominent EXPAND- Which ultimately led to an increase of tension between the Islamic groups Example: Answer- Art Evidence- In the Ottoman empire, Suleiman the magnificent built he Suleiman mosque which could be soon from the Golden Horn Explain- This is because he wanted many people to know that he was the official ruler so his empire would become more famous Expand- Which ultimately allowed for and increase in trade
1)Analyze how and why land-based empires developed and expanded from 1450 to 1750.
𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗫𝗧𝗨𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗭𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡: During the 1450's to 1750's the civil service exam was used by Confucian scholars that provided China with a stable government system and leaders based on merit that allowed it to become more stable. This context relates to the development and expansion of land based empires because bureaucratic systems provided stable economies that allowed for the empires to become stable and powerful in order to expand. 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗜𝗦: How and why land-based empires developed and expanded from 1450's to 1750's were gunpowder innovations because it allowed for land to be conquered and warfare because over disputes over land owned. 𝗘𝗫𝗔𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘 ANSWER: Gunpowder Empires EVIDENCE: -The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires -use of artillery cannons. EXPLAIN: This is because conquering land became much more efficient through the use of gun advancements which allowed them to conquer land and tax people, EXAPND: ultimately growing their economies that expand by being able to have more access to trade routes like the silk road. 𝗘𝗫𝗔𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘 ANSWER: Warfare EVIDENCE: The ottomans and Safavids were in constant war over territorial claims of boundaries. EXPLAIN: This is because rulers measured power through the amount of land they owned. EXPAND: This need for land as power was a motivation to conquer new areas, ultimately expanded empires physically and economically due to an increase of money.