WHAP Midterms MC

(Test 5, question 1)(Map of Europe with lines everywhere)The map above best demonstrates which of the following? A. The only thing authorities could say for sure was that the spread of the Black Death had something to do with the movement of people B. Scientists and doctors throughout Europe were well aware of the causes of the Black Death

A

Columbus insisted that he had reached: A. The Indian Ocean B. The West Indies

A

In the beginning, the explicit goal of Portuguese explorers was to: A. Find a passage to India B. Convert Africans to Christianity

A

The Netherlands revolted against Spain in the 1560s and 1570s because of: A. The imposition of the Spanish sales tax and Christian orthodoxy B. A failing Spanish economy

A

Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of the Gothic cathedral? A. Domes B. Giant stained-glass Windows

A

In Ming China, where did women find the greatest opportunities to obtain wealth and influence?

As wives or concubines in the Forbidden City

One of the significant features of the growth of literature in the 14th-15th century was: A. The inclusion of common people in literary tales B. The composition of literature in the vernacular

B

Prince Henry of Portugal was known as Henry the Navigator because: A. He was the first person to round the Cape of Good Hope B. He devoted his life to promoting exploration

B

Windmills and water mills: A. Were invented in later medieval Europe B. Had long been common in the Islamic world

B

What advantage was provided by the English East India Company's royal charter?

It gave exclusive rights to import East Indian goods into England

What percent of the American population was killed by Afro-Eurasian diseases during the sixteenth century?

a. 90 percent

Which of the following was a consequence of the fact that European buyers preferred male slaves?

a. Gender imbalance in the Americas contributed to the continuation of the transatlantic slave trade.

What led Portuguese traders to explore the coast of Africa in the mid-sixteenth century?

a. Gold's value rose dramatically during and after the Black Death, and the Portuguese believed that Africa was a source of precious metals.

Which of the following accurately describes Columbus's first impression of the Taino people?

a. He believed that they were childlike primitives.

Emperor Hongwu's reputation for a harsh and cruel disposition was tempered in which of the following ways?

a. His wife, Empress Ma, was known for her compassion and emerged as the kinder face of the regime

Which of the following accurately describes labor on Caribbean sugar plantation?

a. Slaves often dropped dead from exhaustion, working up to sixteen-hour days

Why can historians claim that Mughal rulers were victims of their own success?

a. The combination of prosperity and dependence on local elites for governance allowed the local elites to become more autonomous.

Why were the Portuguese and other Europeans motivated to find new trade routes to Asia?

a. They were responding to the conquest of Constantinople and the rise of Ottoman power in the Mediterranean

What was Portugal's primary goal in the Indian Ocean trade?

a. To take over the trade or tax local merchants

To consolidate rule over their conquered empire, the Ottoman sultans:

a. adopted Byzantine administrative practices while maintaining devotion to Islam

To project imperial power and grandeur, the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty:

a. constructed the Forbidden City

By 1789, which country held the richest sugar colony?

a. france

The Protestant Reformation encouraged the growth of nationalism in Europe by encouraging people to:

a. identify their religion with their local state and language

In Spain, a strong dynasty was created primarily through:

a. marriage

To reestablish political order following the rises of the fourteenth century, ruling households:

a. stated that their power had divine source

The group that eventually drove the Mongols out of China was known as:

a. the Red Turban

In the late fifteenth century, Ferdinand Isabella reacted to the Ottoman expansion by:

a. using the inquisition to create a more homogeneous state

Which is an accurate comparison of the Ottoman, Mughal, and Ming Chinese leaders during this period?

a.None benefited substantially from the foreign commerce in which their merchants engaged.

Approximately what percentage of the European population had died from the Black death by around 1400?

b. 50 percent

Which of the following was a consequence of the Thirty Years' War?

b. Central Europe's populations and economies did not recover for more than a century.

Which of the following accurately describes the role of silver in early seventeenth-century China?

b. China increasingly relied on the global trading system for silver, making the Chinese economy vulnerable to dislocation.

Why did many European intellectuals turn to humanism as they attempted to rebuild their society following the devastation of the Black Death?

b. Humanism provided more scope for secular individuals to act in a changing world

How did European seaborne commerce in Asia compare with its commerce in the Americas?

b. In Asia, European merchants struggled to conquer empires or control large territories.

In what way did the Canton system seek to control trade?

b. It required European traders to have Chinese merchants act as guarantors for their good behavior and payment of fees.

what led European countries other than Spain and Portugal to turn to cultivation in order to extract wealth from their American colonies?

b. Little mineral wealth was found in English, French, or Dutch colonies

In what way did the Spanish capture of Manila in 1571, inaugurate the first worldwide trade circuit?

b. Manila gave the Spanish a base to trade silver from the Americas to China, and then Chinese goods to Europe

Which areas of the Americas produced the bulk of the silver that fueled global commerce in the sixteenth century?

b. Mesoamerica and the Andes

The work of which admiral and cartographer provided the foundation for important Ottoman gains in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean?

b. Pir Reis

Which of the following people was famous for supporting Portuguese maritime expansion in the North Atlantic and along the coast of Asian?

b. Prince Henry the Navigator

In the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church responded to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation in which of the following ways?

b. The Church sought to reform clerical corruption

Since there was no demand for European products in Asia, what steps did the Dutch take to reduce the need to use precious metals to pay for Asian spices?

b. The Dutch used their merchant ships to increase their participation in inter-Asian trade.

Why did the Ming dynasty abandon official support for oceanic expeditions after the death of the Yongle Emperor?

b. The Ming believed they needed to reallocate resources to prevent invasion from the north

Which of the following was a major difference between the rulers of Spain and Portugal and ottomans?

b. The Spanish and Portuguese rulers expelled or forced the conversion of members of other religions; the Ottomans permitted those with diverse religious beliefs to remain in their territories

What was the Western European Christian church's response to challenges to its authority following the plague?

b. The church demanded strict obedience and persecuted those who questioned its doctrines

Which of the following was a major milestone in the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain?

b. The last Muslim stronghold in Spain - Granada - fell to Christian forces

Which of the following reflects a way that ruling families in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries consolidated their power after having established their legitimacy?

b. The rulers would enact coercive laws and establish standing armies

Which of the following strategies contributed to the early success of the Qing dynasty?

b. They presented themselves as upholders of familial values and traditional Chinese culture

Which of the following statements best describes the Ottoman rulers' stance toward religious differences within their territory?

b. They were flexible and tolerant

Which of the following allowed the Spanish to defeat both the Aztec and Inca Empires?

b. both empires suffered from internal weakness and divisions that were exploited by the Spanish

Newfound expertise with the compass and astrolabe allowed Portuguese navigators to:

b. determine latitude

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what was the average life expectancy of an African slave brought to the Caribbean?

b. ten years

What, according to mercantilist thinkers, was the purpose of the colonies?

b. to enrich the states that had founded them

Which of the following undermined both the Ottoman and Mughal Empires?

b.The influx of silver from the Americas created inflation, which undermined their economic autonomy.

During the seventeenth century, rising levels of global commerce increased prosperity in the Ming and Mughal Empires but also led to which of the following?

c. A decline in centralized state control

What did the Spanish use as a model for obtaining Amerindian labor for colonial mines?

c. Aztec and Incan practices, such as the mita, that demanded labor from conquered villages

Which of the following is a difference between Martin Luther's and Jean Calvin's beliefs

c. Calvin, unlike Luther, emphasized the doctrine of predestination

Which of the following was a way in which the spread of Protestant beliefs contributed to protracted warfare in Europe between the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries?

c. Common people took up arms to heir religious beliefs and practices instead of leaving warfare to professional soldiers

The Colombian Exchange led to which of the following?

c. Corn (maize) replaced some traditional crops in China and Africa

Which of the following groups benefited most from the wealth generated by the Atlantic System?

c. European elites

Which of the following sparked Martin Luther's challenge to the Catholic Church?

c. Luther was disgusted with corrupt church practices such as the selling of indulgences

Which of the following best describes the initial relationship that developed between French North American colonists and Amerindians?

c. The French relied on native peoples' knowledge of trapping and adapted to Amerindian ways.

In Western Christendom during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, which of the following events exemplifies warfare between dynastic monarchies that attempted to consolidate their rule?

c. The Hundred Years' War

Which of the following was the most important factor in the Ottoman triumph over their rivals?

c. The Ottomans integrated diverse religious groups and adapted techniques of administration from the Byzantines

Which of the following was used by the Ottomans to recruit followers?

c. The Ottomans promised wealth and glory to new subjects

Which of the following best explains why the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean sea lanes in the early sixteenth century?

c. The Portuguese mounted small cannons on their vessels to bombard ports and rival ships.

Which of the following characterized the Portuguese presence in sixteenth century Macao?

c. The Portuguese used Macao as an entry into the lucrative import-export trade with china

Which of the following characterized Spanish tributary empires?

c. The Spanish controlled territory but worked to extract wealth without extensive settlement of Iberian immigrants

Which of the following was an important effect of the Ottoman conquest of Syria and Egypt?

c. The conquest created a Muslim majority, allowing Ottoman sultans to see themselves as heirs of previous Muslim states that had ruled over the region

What was the benefit to the Spanish crown of an encomienda?

c. The crown received special taxes on the extraction of precious metals from the encomendoras

Following the devastation of the plague, which of the following responses was shared by Ming, Ottoman, and European elites?

c. The ruling elites of all three societies reverted to core traditions for guidance as they rebuilt

Identify the primary reason that many Renaissance scholars were able to access ancient Greek and Roman texts for the first time

c. The use of the printing press made many more texts available to western scholars

Which of the following is a way that Christian rulers on the Iberian Peninsula attempted to consolidate power during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?

c. They channeled their subjects' religious fervor toward fighting the Moors

What circumstance permitted the English and Dutch to expand their trade in Asia and the Americas?

c. They took advantage of Spain's bankruptcy caused by religious and dynastic wars

Later Ming officials, in contrast to rulers in Portugal and Spain, viewed overseas expansion as:

c. a potential source of disorder and instability

Which of the following factors led to China's economic expansion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

c. a vast internal trade network

Seeing themselves as "the shadow of God" on the Earth, Ottoman sultans:

c. funded construction of elaborate mosques

Which of the following was essential to the Aztec state's legitimacy?

c. kinship and clan networks

The main goal of Zheng Ha's voyages was to:

c. reestablish trade and collect tribute

Which of the following was the determinative factor in the Spaniards' conquest of the Aztecs?

c. smallpox spread rapidly among the Aztec warriors and elites

In The Prince, Niccolo Machiavelli argued that:

c. the prince should rule based on the principles of modern statecraft instead of moral religious values

The Ming Dynasty's administrative and economic difficulties were evidenced by:

c.failure to respond effectively to natural disasters.

Which of the following was a major consequence of the Renaissance?

d. A network that consisted of independent, educated people- and those who were not totally reliant on either the state or the church - developed

Which of the following was a long-term effect of the Atlantic trade on Africa?

d. American food crops produced more calories per acre than traditional African staples, which partially offset the population loss of the slave trade.

Which of the following did the rulers of Ming China, the Ottoman Empire, and Western Europe use to unify their expanded territories?

d. Artists and architects who projected each ruler's grandeur and power

In what ways was the popular effect of the Forbidden City similar to that of Topkapi Palace?

d. Both projected a sense of awe and power

Why did European wars expand into global confrontations?

d. Conflicts over overseas colonies and trade routes replaced earlier regional religious and territorial struggles.

Which of the following contributed to the political fragmentation of Western Europe - in contrast to China and the Muslim world?

d. Europe lacked a unifying written language

The establishment of colonies in the Americas in the sixteenth century provided Europeans with which of the following advantages in global trade?

d. European products that were not esteemed in Afro-Eurasia could be sold in the Americas.

What role did the Europeans play in the seventeenth and eighteenth century slaves trade in Africa?

d. Europeans remained in coastal enclaves, depending on indigenous political and trading networks to bring slaves to them.

Aside from land rents, what was a major source of revenue for the Mughal emperors?

d. Europeans' increased demand for Indian textiles

Which of the following helped to destabilize the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century?

d. Military campaigns and a growing population strained the empire's resources.

Why was it necessary to continue to import large numbers of African slaves to replenish labor on sugar plantations?

d. Most of the slaves were men, who suffered high mortality rates due to overwork and poor conditions

Following the crises of the fourteenth century, which of the following was the most resistant to change?

d. Religious and cultural systems

During the sixteenth century, what impact did the European presence in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea have on Asian dynasties?

d. The European presence enhanced Asian rulers' wealth and might

Which of the following attributes made the caravel useful in exploring African coasts?

d. The caravel was more maneuverable in coastal estuaries because it had triangular sails that gave it the ability to tack

Which of the following is the best description of the economic impact of the Black Death on Afro-Eurasia?

d. The deaths of many farmers led to food shortages, which in turn led to rapidly rising prices, work stoppages, and unrest

What was the major reason that European states wanted to prevent their New World colonies from trading with other states?

d. They wanted to prevent the spread of wealth to states other than their own

Which of the following was the most common way that African slaves in the Americas resisted the conditions of their enslavement?

d. Thousands of slaves fled to the remote interiors of Brazil or the Caribbean islands

Which of the following was the most lucrative source of wealth for European planters in the Americas in the seventeenth century?

d. sugar

Which of the following best summarizes the goals of Spanish explorers such as Columbus?

d. to Christianize the world and accumulate wealth