WHAP Unit 4 - Transoceanic Interconnections
All of the following have been African contributions to cultures in the Americas EXCEPT
African monetary systems
Many forced and free migrants practiced the religious beliefs of their homelands as a way of adapting to unfamiliar experiences and environments in their destination societies. Which of the following processes best supports the historical arguments above?
African slaves in the Americas integrating African beliefs into their practice of Christianity
Before 1700, Spain governed its American colonies through a system of
Appointed administrators
The Mughal Empire and the Ottoman Empire before 1700 CE shared which of the following characteristics?
Both empires were religiously and culturally diverse
Which of the following describes an accurate similarity between the Qing and Russian empire in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?
Both had vast territories with peoples of various ethnicities and languages
What do the encomienda and mit'a systems used in Spanish colonies and the labor system used on Brazilian sugarcane plantations have in common?
Both were coerced labor systems designed to enrich European colonizers
Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph above?
Demand for products produced by slaves was increasing
In the period 1550-1750, most of the world's ten largest cities were located in which of the following regions?
East Asia
Which explorer is known for circumnavigating the globe and finding a short route around South America?
Ferdinand Magellan
Which of the following countries or regions led the world in the production of cotton cloth in 1700?
India
As Europeans were expanding trade networks in Japan, Christianity was tolerated at first. How did that change in the beginning of the 1600s?
Japan persecuted Christians and limited foreign influence
The table best supports which of the following conclusions about Japanese trade in the seventeenth century?
Japanese imports of foreign good were funded primarily by the export of precious metals
The specific technological innovation depicted here that improved deep water navigation was the
Lateen sail
World Economic Theory, 1500-1800 The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between Western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance in world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments which made European penetration and slave systems possible. Which of the following is an illustration of this world economy theory?
Latin America exported sugar and silver and imported manufactured items
Which of the following regions was LEAST affected by the expansion of European trade networks in the period 1450 CE to 1750 CE?
Oceania
Which of the following would best support the conclusion that the Columbian Exchange involved more profound consequences than did earlier biological exchanges in world history?
Previous exchanges did not involve the world's two hemispheres
What factor played the greatest role in determining a person's social status in Spanish and Portuguese empires in the America by the 17th century?
Racial ancestry
During the period 1450 to 1750, which of the following commodities was most responsible for transforming the global economy?
Silver
The maritime empires that increase extensive trade and sea travel are:
Spain, Portugal, France, and Great Britain
Some world historians have argued that the growth of European influence in the period of 1450-1750 was due in large part to non European inventions. Which invention below would support this statement?
The compass
Which development was the most important in increasing Spanish interest in the first decades of the 16th century?
The discovery of precious metals in the Incas and Aztec Empires
Which of the following best explains the relative volume of trade to different destinations as shown on the map?
The increasing demand for labor on cash crop plantations
An important reason for China's rapid population increase in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was
The introduction of new crops from the Americas
Henry Hudson's exploration and settlement of New Amsterdam became important due to
The location and prosperity where a major river flowed into the ocean
Which of the following best exemplifies mercantilism as it was practiced in the Atlantic trading system by 1750?
The protection of European merchant companies by their respective governments
What was a major effect in Africa of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade?
The ratio of males to females became unbalanced
Which of the following would best support the assertion that hierarchies based on racial classification emerged after 1500 CE to maintain the authority of new elite groups in the Americas?
The use of terms such as mestizo, mulatto, and creole
Which of the following was an important continuity from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty in the seventeenth century?
The use of the examination system and other Confucian bureaucratic practices
Why did disease decimate the indigenous populations of the western hemisphere?
The western hemisphere had developed in relative isolation from Europe, Asia, and Africa for thousands of years, so the people had no natural immunities to diseases from the eastern hemisphere
Which of the following best explains a similarity between the earliest English and French voyages across the Atlantic in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia
The development of Indian Ocean trade routes and the Transatlantic trade routes were similar in that both depended on
Understanding of currents and wind patterns
Which of the following was a major environmental effect on the European establishment of plantation agriculture in the Americas during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
Widespread deforestation and depletion of soil nutrients
Which of the following best describes patriarchal gender systems?
Women are inferiors and must be protected by men
Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) primarily because they
needed to resolve their territorial disputes after the discovery of ocean routes to the Americas and the Indian Ocean
Under Spanish rule of the Philippines, the native population
was pressured to convert to Roman Catholicism
Between 1450 and 1750, which of the following were produced on large plantations by slave labor for the world market
Sugar and tobacco
The Portuguese viewed the Atlantic Ocean islands as the perfect location for the cultivation of
Sugarcane
The transfer of which of the following as part of the Colombian Exchange had the greatest effect on human migration patterns before 1800?
Sugarcane
What were the long term effects of navigation techniques invented in Europe combined with other inventions from around the world?
Rapid expansion of exploration and global trade
Which of the following was NOT one of the main inspirations for European exploration?
the desire to conquer China and India
The Colombian Exchange involved which of the following new connections between 1450-1750?
African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere
Which of the following characterized economic systems in Latin America and in Southeast Asia during the sixteenth century?
Both incorporated forced labor
"Colonel Robert Bennett, under the authority of the Governor of Jamaica, makes a treaty with the rebellious Blacks, today, June 23, 1739. Captain Quao, and several other Black officers under his command, surrendered under the following terms. 1. All hostilities on both sides shall cease forever, Amen. 2. Captain Quao and his people shall have a certain quantity of land given to them, in order to raise crops, hogs, fowls, goats, or whatsoever stock they may think proper, with sugarcanes excepted. 3. Four White men shall constantly live and reside with them in their town, in order to keep a good correspondence with the Black inhabitants of this Island. 4. Captain Quao and his people shall destroy all other rebellious Blacks in any part of Jamaica. They shall be paid to apprehend any runaway Blacks and return them to their respective owners. 5. If any White man shall disturb or annoy any of the people or property that may belong to the said Captain Quao and his people, they may complain to a magistrate and receive justice." Treaty between British colonial authorities and the Windward Maroons, Jamaica, 1739. The Windward Maroons were descendants of Africans brought to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who had fled to the mountainous regions of the island. This passage could best be used to explain which of the following developments in the Americas between 1500-1700?
Enslaved people and their descendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom
The Portuguese dominance in trade was dependent on their ability to
Force merchant ships to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties
"Americans... who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society as mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with. galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products that are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this, add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity... in short, do you wish to know what our future held?--simply the cultivation of the fields of indigo, grain, coffee, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton, cattle raising on the board plains; hunting wild game in the jungles; digging in the earth to mine its gold." --Simon Bolivar, "Jamaica Letter," 1815 Bolivar was describing the effects of which of the following economic policies?
Mercantilism
N the 15th century, European innovations in cartography, navigation, and ship-building were based on knowledge developed in earlier civilization in all the following regions EXCEPT
Oceania
Which of the following was the most important factor in the development of new long-distance maritime commercial patterns in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
The European settlement and exploration of natural resources in the Americas
This journey brought Africans across the Atlantic for the purpose of selling them as slaves
The Middle Passage
The portrait of Emperor Jahangir in this image is best seen as evidence of which of the following?
The Mughals' toleration of different religious traditions within their state
Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empires in the early seventeenth century?
The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominantly Muslim, while the Mughals did not
The square areas in the center show plazas, temples, pyramids, places to display sacrificial victims, and an area to house exotic animals sent my subject states. Historians estimate that the population of Tenochtitlan was at least 100,000. The creation of this particular image of the Aztec capital was part of which of the following processes occurring at the time?
The absorption of the Aztec Empire into the Spanish colonial system
Which of the following changes best justifies the claim that the late 1400s mark the beginning of a new period in world history?
The incorporation of the Americas into a broader global network of exchange
Which of the following is best concluded about slavey in British North America from the graph above and knowledge of the period?
The increase in the number of slaves reflected a probable increase in the demand for plantation laborers
"[In the 1500s and 1600s] maize, manioc, sweet potatoes, peanuts, squash and cacao quickly became staples of West African agriculture. The first three spread rapidly over wide stretches of the continent. Presumably, the resemblance of the African climate to that of Central and South America facilitated the rapid acceptance of these new crops. So did the shifting 'garden' type of cultivation prevailing in Africa. In Africa, no fixed system of crop rotation or established agricultural routine inhibited experimentation with these new plants." William McNeill, American historian, The Rise of the West, 1963 The process describes by McNeill in the passage is an example of which of the following trends in the period?
The intensification of agricultural labor and productivity
The images above best provide evidence of which of the following consequences of colonial expansion in the period 1450-1750?
The transfer of wealth to new elites and the development of new gender roles
"When the Portuguese go from Macao, the most southern port city in China, to Japan, they carry much white silk, gold, perfume, and porcelain and they bring from Japan nothing but silver. They have a great ship that goes to Japan every year, and brings back more than 600,000 coins' worth of Japanese silver. The Portuguese use this Japanese silver to their great advantage in China. The Portuguese bring from China gold, perfume, silk, copper, porcelain, and many other luxury goods." - Ralph Fitch, a British merchant, 1599 Which conclusion about the Portuguese is best supported by the passage above?
They made great profits transporting good between Asian countries
In their attempt to control the spice trade in the Indian Ocean, Europeans during the period between the 16th and 18th centuries
Were met with limited success because of lack of human numbers and military power
In the three centuries after Columbus' voyages, most of the people who cane to the Western Hemisphere originated in which of the following regions?
Western Africa
From 1500 to 1800, the largest contingent of migrants consisted of
enslaved Africans
In the long term, the Columbian exchange
increased world population because of the spread of new food crops
