What Darwin never knew

Charles Darwin was born____years ago and it is____years since he published the work that has become the bedrock of our understanding of life on Earth.

200 and 150

How many different mutations are responsible for microcephaly?

21

When the final answer (of how many genes humans have) came in 2003, it was a shocker:______ genes, the same number as a chicken, less than an ear of corn

23,000

The human brain is cast -_____ times bigger than a chimp's, and is structured differenty.

3

one percent may not sound like much, but it's still_________ of Dana's chemical letters: As Ts Cs and Gs

30,000,000

The vast bulk of the double helix, some______ of it, doesn't code for proteins, which make the stuff of our bodies. The genes which do comprise just_______.

98% and 2%

how identical is the DNA between humans and chimps?

99%

Charles was offered a place on a British navy ship, the HMS_____ whose mission was to survey the waters around______.

Begale and South America

Switches are very powerful parts of_____, because they allow animals to use genes in one place and not another; at one time, and not another.

DNA

Darwin felt his work was incomplete. What was the biggest question that was still unanswered?

How did evolution ever change?

Which feature in the following creatures suggested they descended from different organisms:

Snake embryros: They have tiny bumps and the boney rudiments of legs Whale embryros: They have no teeth when they grow up Human embryos: They have tiny slits around the neck that were visable

Darwin also encountered 13 different species of Finch. Finches on each island had different what?

Some had wide beaks, some had slender ones on the island where they live.

Describe one of the examples of evolution in action

The colobus monkey can see in color because of a mutation in one gene and it can tell nutritious red leaves The Antartic fish can survive the Anartac ocean by evoling

What did Kingsley and his team find in manatee skeletons that supported the idea that mutations in gene "switches" influenced evolution?

The different size bones that have been big than the smaller ones from mutation s

Why is Tiktaalik consider"a perfect transitional form" between fish and la d animals?

The fish had a arm like fin that was found from other land animals or on water

How did mice in Arizona desert show adapted evolution?

The mice would camoplahe on the light rocks if their light fur matches and the dark mice matches the dark rocks but if the light mice is at the rocks they will be spotted and consume them

What did mutation in a section of DNA of the lake stickleback fish mean?

The mutation of the stickleback fish have been switch

The turtles that Darwin encountered while visiting the Galapagos Islands different in which feature?

The tortoises on their shells, shells on their heads, and others that have sturdy color

Darwin showed that nature was a battlefield and that everything was in_______. The pattern that Darwin saw was the creatures that survived were those best____to specific environment they lived in.

a competition and adapted

Darwin had seen persuasive evidence in embryos. Those slits in the ear of all land creatures, even humans...in us, they become tiny____in the inner ear, but in fish, they become_____-a tantalizing hint that land animals must be descended from fish.

bones and gils

A mutation in our jaw muscle allows the human skull to keep expanding into adulthood, creating a bigger space for our______.

brain

It's not the genes you have but how you use then that creates________ in the animal kingdom.

diversity

We now know that DNA works in many different ways, through genes that make the stuff of our bodies, through_____ that turn those genes on and off, and through sequences of Dana's chemicals that throw those______.

evolution and switches

The embryo is where the action is. What fascinates mordern biologists is that all these different animals don't just took the same, they are using virtually the same set of key_______ to build their bodies.

genes

The DNA molecule is one of the real secrets of____. It's a perfect system for storing the vast amounts of information that's necessary for building all kinds of_____.

life and creatures

Darwin realized_____must be the starting point for change in nature. Such a tiny variation might make the difference between_____

life and death

Charles was 26 year-old collecter, collecting any kind of_____, any kind of_____, any kinds of______. He didn't even know the meaning of what he was collecting until much later

plants, animals, and rocks

Oftentimes, the origin of whole new structures in evolution don't involve the origin of new genes or whole new genetic recipes. Old genes can be______& to make marvelously wonderful new things.

reconfigure

Hox genes give orders that Cascade though a developing embryo, activating entire network of_______ and genes that make the parts of the body. They are absolutely critical to the. shape and form of a developing creature

switches

There seemed to be an explanation for the vast diversity of animals. Beginning with a common ancestor, over time, across generations, species could change dramatically. Some might add new body features, other might drop them. This process is called_____

the descent with modification

Something amazing is happening inside the eggs of finches. Genes are turning on and off. And depending exactly on how they turn on or off will determine what_____of finch is formed.

type

Mutation generates______, differences between individuals. Mutations can happen as our_______ copies itself when out cells divide and our bodies develop.

variation and DNA

It's the same genes in making a sharp, pointy beak or a broad, nut-cracking beak. What essential and makes the difference is how much you turn the gene on and______ you turn it on and off.

when