what is meant by the term base pairing?How is base pairing involved in DNA replication?
what is the role of RNA during translation?
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what is meant by the term base pairing?How is base pairing involved in DNA replication?
Base pairing is simple. There are four base pairs, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. Adenine always pais with Thymine, while Cytosine always pairs with Guanine. There are two hydrogen bonds between a and t and there are three between c and g. When deoxyribonucleic acid replicates it splits in half and leaves one of the base pairs behind. All that happens is the dna polymerase adds the matching pair
Why is the pairing of bases during replication essential for the transmission of inherited traits from parents to offspring?
Because of DNA rplication, we would have the same information if it was not paired.
What enzyme joins individual nucleotides to produce the new strand of DNA?
DNA polymerse
Why are the strands of DNA said to be complimentary
Each strand can create another strand
what is the difference between transcription and translation
Essentially, transcription is the copying of the DNA code into mRNA code so that the protein can be synthesised. The translation process invovles the synthesis of a protein by a ribosome as it "reads" (or translates) the mRNA
describe the steps in protein synthesis
First, the DNA polymerase makes a copy of the DNA. The nucleotides then bond together and form a complete mRNA strand. The mRNA strand travels out to the cytoplasm through the nucleus. The mRNA is then met by a ribosome and tRNA. Codons and amino acids are then created. After the tRNA detaches from the mRNA strand, the amino acids are connected by a polypeptide bond.
How does telomeres work>
It adds short repeated sequences to telomeres
what are the functions of a dna molecule and how does it perform each essential function?
It stores information- it uses the sequences of bases,and the structure of Dna. It copies information- hydrogen bonds break, their genetic information is copied. They transmit information- When DNA is copied. the sequence of bases is copied.
what are the three types of rna and describe each
Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA.
Is DNA replication always a foolproof process?
No, there are proteins that look for chemical damages but sometimes mistakes are missed, and bad dna replication occurs causing serious defects.
Does DNA replication take place in the same direction along both strands of the DNA molecule that is being replicated?
No, they happen in opposite directions
Describe the similarities between DNA replication in prokaryotic cells, and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells- no nucleus have nucleolides, no organelles (such as the chloroplast and mitochondir) they do have DNA and ribosomes. Also they both have cytoplasm eukaryotes have everything, like a typical cell we study helps???
RNa polymerase binds to regions of DNA called ___ which are "start" signals for transcription
Promoters
The enzyme ____ binds to DNA during transcription
RNA polymerse
what is the role of rRna during translation?
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is the central component of the ribosome, the protein manufacturing machinery of all living cells. Its function is to provide a mechanism for decoding mRNA into amino acids. - See more at: http://www.chacha.com/question/what-is-the-role-of-rrna-during-translation#sthash.9CtFuoR5.dpuf
Erwind Chargaff?Rosalind Franklin? James Watson and Francis Crick?
Showed that the percentages of adenine & thymine are almost always equal to eachother and same goes for guanine and cytosine. Rosalind Frankline used Xray diffraction to discover the double helix structure of DNA. They built the model explaining DNA
What enzyme makes it less likely that dna will be lost from telomeres during replication?
Telomeres
What is the first step in eukaryotic DNa replication
The two halves of the molecule split
Explain the process of replication. When a dna molecule is replicated, how do the new molecules compare to the original molecule?
When a DNA molecule is replicated, the new molecule is complementary to the original.
What is a replication fork?
When the DNA splits, the end of the splits are the replication forks.
What are the nucleotides in DNA made of?
a phosphate group a 5 carbon sugar ( deoxyribose) and a nitrogen base that is connected to the sugar by weak hydrogen bonds.
Explain how mRNA works like a blueprint in constructing proteins
answer is mRNA
The sequence___ in Mrna complements the sequence in the DNA template
bases
The nucleotides in DNA are joined by __ bonds
covalent
what is the sugar, number of strands, and bases in DNA?RNA?
deoxyribose,2,3 nitrogen bases , plain ribose , 1 strand, uracil
_____are spliced together to make the final MRNA
exons
contrast DNA and RNA
in RNA it uses plain ribose, 1 strand , and the nitrogen base uracil instead of thymine, in DNA, it uses the sugar Deoxyribose with 2 strands and the normal 4 nitrogen bases.
___ are portions of RNA that are cut out and discarded
introns
in dna,__ can be joined in any order
nucleotides
the building blocks of DNA are
nucleotides
`In Eukaryotes RNA is formed in the __ and then travels to the __
nucleus, cytoplasm
Where is the location, amount , and starting points of dna replication in prokaryotes, and eukaryotes
p-cytoplasm,less,single point, e- nucleus- more, multiple points
describe the appearance of DNA in a typical prokaryotic cell
rokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells have genetic material that is not contained in a nucleus. Some also contain internal membranes.
The process of using DNA to produce complimentary RNA molecules is called
transcription
