Wheelchair Final
What is the most important factor to consider when selecting a type of cushion?
Minimize excess pressure and/or shear forces on the skin
True or false? People with progressive conditions or very advanced needs should request expandable type electronics.
True
True or false? Power wheelchairs MUST be needed for use in the home.
True
Who can initiate referrals to driver rehabilitation?
"You" the generalist Physician's Neuro Psychologists Families Patients State DMV Police Officers
Fill in the blanks. An average adult chair width is ____". A narrow adult chair width is ____" whereas a wide adult chair width is ____". Children's chairs can go as small as ____". Adult chairs can get as wide as ____" and wider.
18; 16; 20 8; 28
Most cushions last how long? When would you recommend a client replace a cushion?
2-3 years; have the client replace the cushion any time insurance will pay for it
Fill in the blanks. Standard manual wheelchairs weigh around ____ pounds, however there are lightweight chairs that weight around ____ pounds.
50; 30
What is the difference between non-expandable and expandable electronics?
A non-expandable electronic is usually a standard joystick that typically is not altered in any way. An expandable electronic has the ability to accommodate for a variety of more complex devices (ex. head control, sip n puff, etc.).
What are some characteristics of an active user not at risk for pressure injuries?
Able to operate all aspects of the PMD Requires seating for comfort/stability Does not require power seating to manage positioning needs/pressure redistribution May require seating to accommodate postural asymmetries Requires indoor and outdoor features Able to manage outdoor terrain
This cushion allows for the adjustment of pressure relief and is exceptional when set up properly. It is light weight but reduces stability and requires more monitoring.
Air cushion
What are some reasons to program the PMD? (select all that apply) a) Optimize driving b) Set up power seating c) Assign specialty input devices d) Speed control e) Different driving modes
All of them!
In order to qualify for a power chair, the patient must have one or more of which of the following? (select all that apply) a) Individual cannot safely mitigate through use of a cane or walker b) Individual has insufficient strength, ROM, etc to self propel c) Individual has cardiorespiratory deficiencies d) Individual cannot self propel due to pain e) Individual is at too high of a risk for overuse injury f) Individual is at too high of a risk for pressure injuries (unable to perform pressure relief manually) g) Individual has a progressive disability and power will be quickly needed
All of these
Which are the following are considered proper posture in a wheelchair? (select all that apply) a) Knees and hips positioned at right angles b) Buttocks back in the seat c) Buttocks centered on the seat d) Pelvis slightly tilted forward (anterior pelvic tilt) e) Pelvis horizontal (not leaning to one side or the other) f) Trunk upright and following the natural curvature of the spine g) Shoulders relaxed, elbows at right angles on the arm rests and/or free to move h) Head upright and in midline, chin slightly tucked
All of these
During a driving evaluation, what should you watch for?
Basic vehicle control on real roads Awareness and response to environmental details and potential hazards Use of secondary controls and mirrors Ability to control vehicle around different traffic patterns Judgment of vehicle boundaries..space management Operation/orientation to adaptive equipment if needed
What should you always do first before beginning a transfer?
CHECK THE LOCKS (bed, w/c, etc.)
True or false? For group 1 and 2 power chairs, specialist documentation is necessary.
False
True or false? Medicare and Medicaid covers drivers examinations if deemed necessary.
False
True or false? Suppliers are not responsible for obtaining any other information that may be requested to support medical necessity.
False
True or false? 50% cases of individuals with neglect have prolonged problems.
False 7/8 of cases
True or false? You need to have an additional certification of the CAR FIT program to use its principles.
False A generalist can use these principles
True or false? Formal training is required in order to provide driving services.
False CDRS- 1800 hours of experience then passing exam through ADED
True or false? Group 5 power chairs do not exist.
False Group 5 includes pediatric chairs
True or false? If the seat depth is too short, pressure increases at the backs of the knees. If the seat depth is too long, pressure increases at the buttocks.
False If too short, pressure increases at the buttocks. If too long, pressure increases at the backs of the knees
True or false? A person with a lower level SCI is usually recommended to have a lightweight chair.
False Lightweight chairs are not as adjustable and are not recommended for a person with a SCI.
True or false? Most people pass their rehab driver examination.
False Only about 50%
True or false? Insurance companies are more willing to pay for ultra lightweight chairs.
False They are more expensive than lightweight so it is harder to get insurance companies to pay for them.
True or false? Wheelchair cushions should be a half inch less than the seat size.
False They must be exactly matched to the wheelchair's seat size.
True or false? A head rest is optional on a tilt in space chair.
False They should always have a head rest.
True or false? A greater angle of the front frame bend makes the chair shorter and increases maneuverability.
False Those are characteristic of a smaller angle. A greater angle makes the chair longer and can result in a posterior pelvic tilt.
True or false? A tighter backrest angle causes a posterior pelvic tilt, whereas a larger backrest angle causes an anterior pelvic tilt.
False Tighter angle = ANTERIOR pelvic tilt Larger angle = POSTERIOR pelvic tilt
True or false? Typically you should transfer toward the weaker side.
False! Toward the stronger side
True or false? In NWB, the patient can rest their limb on the floor, just put no weight through it.
False. The limb cannot even touch the floor.
This cushion is the most basic cushion, have a low cost, are lightweight, and provide a stable seating surface (sometimes are contoured. They are typically covered by insurance but cannot be washed and must be replaced more frequently than other cushions.
Foam cushion
What are some visual demands of driving?
Focus Shift focus between targets quickly Focus while moving Perceive distance Discriminate colors See in different levels of light Read signs varied sizes and distances
This cushion was specifically designed for optimizing pressure relief. They typically have a contoured base, a fairly stable seating surface, and are low maintenance. However, this cushion is heavy and can make transfers difficult.
Gel cushion
What are some signs of impaired driving?
Getting lost in familiar environments Difficulty maintain lane position Stopping traffic for no apparent reason Obstructing traffic flow by driving below speed limit Not adhering to traffic signs, lights Turning at intersections w/o regard to oncoming traffic Unaware of causing near crashes Hesitating too long at intersections Using "follow the leader" technique to maneuver thru traffic
What should you provide during a seating assessment?
Goals for future mobility status Trial of possible solutions Recommendations for seating and mobility products Training as needed
Who covers the cost for driver evaluations?
Greene county grant for seniors Work comp Some private insurance companies Vocational Rehabilitation (encourage them to get involved with this early) VA centers
What are some things you can do to prepare the transfer to make it easier on yourself?
Have the patient do as much as they can for themselves Position the W/C as close to the bed as possible Use good body mechanics Use gait belts Prepare the environment
What accessories can be added to a standard manual wheelchair?
Headrests Armrests (troughs, etc) Legrests (elevating, amputee extension, etc) Tension on backrest to promote posture Reclining backs
When assessing vision, what should you include?
History Lenses Ocular Alignment Visual Midline Saccade/Pursuits Visual Fixation Convergence Visual Fields
When is a road test not appropriate?
If it is clear that an individual is very impaired, then it can be a therapists decision if a road test is safe and warranted
What should you assess during a seating assessment?
Interview of ADLs/home environment/expectations Knowledge/understanding of current mobility status Sitting balance Skin inspection/assessment of risk of breakdown
What are some reasons a person would choose power over manual chairs?
It is already determined you need a MAE You are unable to propel a manual w/c A reduction of strain on your shoulders is NECESSARY so you can continue to perform safe transfers To reduce caregiver burden (No one can push you)
What features allow for a skin protection cushion to distribute pressure away from bony prominences?
It is at least 3 inches thick It is filled with air, viscous fluid, thermoplastics, or foam
High tech equipment options includes what?
Joystick Electronic/ computerized hand controls Horizontal steering Low effort steering/ Zero effort steering Electronic secondary's
Your patient is very ill and weak. You estimate they only helped with 20% of the activity. What FIM level would you document?
Level 1, Total Assistance (Pt. performs less than 25%)
Your patient was only able to help you with 40% of an activity. What FIM level would you document?
Level 2, Maximal Assistance (Pt. performs 25-49%)
Your patient helps you with 50% of a toilet transfer. What FIM level would you document?
Level 3, Moderate Assistance (Pt. performs 50-74%)
Your patient did about 75% of the activity independently after you set them up. What FIM level would you document?
Level 4, Minimal Assistance (Pt. performs 75% or more)
You pull the tray to the patient's chair and place their lunch on it. After you state they can begin eating the patient begins eating their lunch. What FIM level would you document?
Level 5, Supervision/Setup (cueing, setup, coaxing)
Your patient completed an activity independently, however, they required a device. What FIM level would you document?
Level 6, Modified Independence (device, safety, extra time)
You are re-evaluating a patient, who can now perform a shower transfer by themselves safely and without any help. (Yay!) What FIM level would you document?
Level 7, Complete Independence (timely, safely)
Low tech equipment options includes what?
Mechanical Hand Controls Left foot gas pedal Pedal Extensions Mirrors Steering devices Turn Signal Crossover Levers on secondary's Pedal Block Torso support belt
What should be included in the physical examination?
Motor skills Reflex integration Mobility Sensation Transfers
What should the patient ALWAYS wear during a transfer?
Non-skid footwear
Is infrared transmission typically covered by funding?
Nope
What are some characteristics of an intermittent in-home user?
Not appropriate for a cane or walker Poor endurance with household ambulation Able to operate a joystick or tiller Not at risk for pressure injuries Requires seating only for comfort and support Needs are not anticipated for the expected life of the equipment May need a portable power wheelchair or scooter for community use
Are basic/standard/transport wheelchairs covered by insurance?
Not typically
Which disciplines provide driving services?
OT, RT, Neuro Psych, PT, Kinesiotherapist, Driver educators/ instructors, etc.
Fill in the blanks. "MAE is considered ___________ and ____________ for beneficiaries who have a personal mobility deficit sufficient to impair their performance of MRADLs such as toileting, feeding, dressing, grooming and bathing in customary areas in the home."
Reasonable; necessary
What are some characteristics of an active user at risk for pressure injuries?
Requires a driver control other than a joystick Absent UE or hand function Increased tone Potentially absent trunk control Unable to actively perform a weight shift/pressure relief Potentially limited head control
When fitting a wheelchair, what measurements should you get?
Seat Width Seat Depth Seat Height Backrest Height Backrest Width Armrest Height
What aspects of the chair do you need to make sure to set up and fit correctly?
Seat height and width Seat depth Seat to footrest Front frame bend Seat slope Rear axle position Camber
What cognitive tests can you consider?
Short Blessed Test Trailmaking A & B Clock Drawing Maze Completion Traffic Safety Questionaire Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) Complex figure copying design MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) Road Sign Recognition CLQT (Cognitive Linguistics Quick Test)
True or false? Driving is the most complex and challenging IADL skill we do.
TRUE Things we do during driving: Direction follow Steering, gas, brake control (lane position) Visual search and scanning skills Processing speed Safety/ decision making Navigation/ Route execution Ability to multi-task Distractibility Problem solving
How do you know a walker or cane is properly fit to the individual?
The handle of the device will be at the client's wrist crease when they dangle their arms.
Who is involved in a patient's journey to getting a wheelchair?
The patient, the family or other advocate, OT and/or PT, a rehabilitation technology supplier-vendor, and the physician
What are some advantages of a lightweight chair?
They have adjustable back heights, arm rests, and leg rests. Can be easily folded. Wheels can be removed.
When selecting a wheelchair, what should you consider?
Time since injury Age Strength and range of motion Height and weight Trunk stability Functional abilities Medical conditions or risks Environment and lifestyle
What is the purpose of a gait belt?
To provide a secure point of contact (safety)
True or false? 99% of the time patients with a history of neglect will not be able to drive.
True
True or false? A little camber will protect your hands and increase your base of support whereas too much camber will make it hard to fit through doorways.
True
True or false? A positioning cushion is only covered if the person has significant postural asymmetries due to a diagnostic code.
True
True or false? A posterior pelvic tilt reduces sliding out of the chair but makes it more difficult to propel than in anterior pelvic tilt.
True
True or false? A switch is an example of non-proportional control and is pre-programmed for one direction and speed.
True
True or false? After measuring upper leg length from back of buttocks to back of knee, order a chair approximately 2 inches shorter than the measurement.
True
True or false? Always inform the patient about the transfer and what they are expected to do.
True
True or false? Any type of switch can be operated by any part of the body that the client has accurate motor control.
True
True or false? FWB is the same as WBAT.
True
True or false? For pediatrics, it can be medically necessary to encourage normal development that is gained through mobility (exploring the environment).
True
True or false? Generally those who use a tilt in space chair are dependent users.
True
True or false? Group 4 power chairs have added capabilities that are not deemed "necessary" and therefore are typically denied as not reasonable or necessary.
True
True or false? If a chair is fitted too tight, it can cause pressure sores.
True
True or false? If a patient requires a seat width, depth, or height that cannot be accommodated in a standard, lightweight or, & spends at least two hours per day in the chair they can qualify for a K4 instead of K3 chair.
True
True or false? If you are in doubt on the patient's level of assistance, you should always get help.
True
True or false? In addition to K1-K5 wheelchairs, Medicare also identifies rigid (sport) ultralights, reclining, and tilt in space as categories for chairs.
True
True or false? In order to qualify for a skin protection cushion, the client must rely on a manual or power wheelchair as well as a history of a pressure sore, absent or significantly impaired sensation, a qualifying diagnostic code, and be unable to perform a weight shift.
True
True or false? Non expandable electronics are typically seen on group 1 and 2 power chairs.
True
True or false? PMDs are defined as covered items of Durable Medical Equipment (DME).
True
True or false? Some examples of need of a group 2 power chair include: skin integrity, joint contractures, neuro-motor condition or disease that is chronic, progressive, or irreversible.
True
True or false? The cost of a driving evaluation is $525 for 3 hours. Training outside that is $140 per hour.
True
True or false? The date of service on the claim must have the date the PMD was furnished by the supplier.
True
True or false? The higher the backrest, the more stable but more difficult to propel.
True
True or false? There are numerous choices available in mechanical switches, ranging in size and amount of force required to operate the switch.
True
True or false? To get a group 3 power chair, the patient's mobility limitation must be due to a neurological condition, myopathy, or congenital skeletal deformity.
True
True or false? With the axle adjusted lower, someone can foot propel.
True
True or false? You can use lifts if needed if the person is dependent during transfers.
True
True or false? You should always start the conversation about driving early in the rehab process so they can mentally prepare.
True
True or false? Electronic switches do not require direct touch to operate.
True An example is the fiber optic switch
True or false? Ultra lightweight chairs have much more customization abilities.
True Removable wheels. Back height, seat depth, foot plates/leg rests, angles, and brakes are all customizable.
True or false? Basic wheelchairs are typically only used temporarily.
True This is because they are not well designed for efficient, independent propulsion.
True or false? TTWB and TDWB mean the same thing.
True. Less than 10% of their body weight on the affected limb.
What are some features of the standard manual wheelchair?
Variable seat widths Detachable Footrests and/or swing away Leg rests Detachable, flip back, or permanent arm rests Sling backrests
What does VMSS stand for?
Visual midline shift syndrome
When should you refer to a driving specialist?
Wait until condition has stabilized (due to expense) Wait until they are near D/C from all outpatient therapy (especially OT and ST) If they are pushing the issue, then refer
Your patient is demonstrating pusher's syndrome. Should you transfer toward the strong side or weak side?
Weak side
When should you use a stand-pivot transfer?
When a patient is unable to stand independently but can bear some weight on their LE's.
Match the term with its definition. a) ____ the difference between the front seat-to-floor height and the rear seat-to-floor height b) ____ angle of the wheel with respect to the chair c) ____ impacts how easy it is to push and tip your chair 1) seat slope 2) Rear axle position 3) Camber
a) 1 b) 3 c) 2
Match the following equipment and amount of training needed. a) ____ minimum of 4-6 hours b) ____ usually minimal c) ____ 10 hours d) ____ depends on driving skill e) ____ depends on type and patient deficits 1) Hand controls 2) Left foot gas pedals 3) Pedal extensions 4) Spinner knob 5) Mirrors
a) 1 b) 4 c) 2 d) 3 e) 5
The standard wheelchair dimensions are: a) 16" D X 18" W X 20" H b) 18" D X 20" W X 22" H c) 14" D X 16" W X 18" H d) 15" D X 17" W X 19" H
a) 16" D X 18" W X 20" H
Match the following descriptions with the type of drive. a) ____ drive wheels are in front of center of gravity; stable; tight turn radius; difficult to drive in straight line and has a tendency to fishtail b) ____ drive wheels are under center of gravity; small turn radius; good for indoors but not outdoors c) ____ drive wheels are behind the center of gravity; predictable and stable; larger turn radius 1) Rear wheel drive 2) Front wheel drive 3) Mid wheel drive
a) 2 b) 3 c) 1
Match the following descriptions with the type of driver evaluation. a) ____ assesses potential to drive for a physically impaired person b) ____ new driver evaluation for special needs c) ____ assesses a driver for his skill using standard controls 1) Safety 2) Vehicle modification 3) Potential to drive
a) 2 b) 3 c) 1
Order the following to the least assistance to most assistance. a) ____ Manual wheelchair b) ____ Cane c) ____ Power wheelchair d) ____ Walker e) ____ Scooter
a) 3 b) 1 c) 5 d) 2 e) 4
Put the following steps in order going from supine to sit. a) ____ Elevate the trunk by lifting under the shoulders b) ____ Move the patient close to one edge of the bed c) ____ Elevate the trunk by lifting under the shoulders and applying downward pressure on the opposite hip d) ____ Roll the patient into the S/L position facing EOB e) ____ Lower the feet and lower extremities off of EOB
a) 4 b) 1 c) 5 d) 2 e) 3
Label the following steps in the correct order of getting a wheelchair. a) ____ Submission of prescription and documentation b) ____ Test drive c) ____ History and physical exam d) ____ Delivery, final fitting and wheelchair driving skills training e) ____ Home assessment
a) 4 b) 2 c) 1 d) 5 e) 3
Which of the following statements is false? a) A face to face examination is optional except in severe cases b) PMD script must be in writing, signed, and dated by the physician and received by the supplier within 45 days c) Documentation must include the beneficiary's name, date of the face to face, diagnosis, and conditions that the PMD is expected to modify d) Must provide the supplier with supporting documentation of medical record
a) A face to face examination is optional except in severe cases Face to face exam is required
Which of the following is not impacted by a seat being too wide? a) Can cause pressure sores b) Can cause stability and posture problems c) Difficulty grabbing push rims d) All of the above are impacted by the seat being too wide
a) Can cause pressure sores
When selecting a transfer, the method should be (select all that apply): a) Consistent b) Easy c) Safe d) Efficient
a) Consistent c) Safe d) Efficient
Tasks that the wheelchair can do in each individual drive/profile are called: a) Drive modes b) Drive options c) Drive types d) Driver programs
a) Drive modes
Label the following as characteristic of either folding or rigid frames. a) ____ Easier to transport/load into vehicle b) ____ Tend to perform better when maneuvering c) ____ Generally lighter in weight d) ____ Good for someone who needs ultra lightweight but not as active
a) Folding b) Rigid c) Rigid d) Folding
Match the following description with the type of power chair (Groups 1-4). a) ____ has improved battery life for a more active user and can go faster speeds (~4 mph) b) ____ the most basic power chair; has a narrow turn radius; can be used safely in the home c) ____ reserved for the severely impaired d) ____ offers all power functions without compromise including the ability to stand; has higher speeds and better motors; not covered by Medicare
a) Group 2 b) Group 1 c) Group 3 d) Group 4
Which of the following statements is false of custom molded cushions? a) In order to qualify, they must have a diagnosis and show evidence of fixed deformities b) They take fixed deformities into account c) They are designed to fit a specific client based on seating and positioning d) They are designed to offload pressure
a) In order to qualify, they must have a diagnosis and show evidence of fixed deformities They must have ruled out all other forms of cushions first to qualify.
Label the following chairs as K1-K5. a) _____ Ultra lightweight b) _____ Lightweight c) _____ Standard d) _____ High strength lightweight e) _____ Standard hemi
a) K5 b) K3 c) K1 d) K4 e) K2
Your patient has been told they are PWB. How do you describe this? a) Only 50% of their weight on the affected limb b) Only bear weight they can tolerate c) Less than 10% of their body weight on the affected limb d) No weight can go through the affected limb
a) Only 50% of their weight on the affected limb
Referral requirements include which of the following (select all that apply): a) Physician's order b) Valid driver's license or permit c) Minimum for state vision requirements d) Specialist documentation
a) Physician's order b) Valid driver's license or permit c) Minimum for state vision requirements For Missouri: 20/40 visual acuity, corrected or uncorrected (one eye) Peripheral vision of 55 degrees or better in both eyes or at least 85 in one eye Combined field of vision: 70 degrees or greater
Any control that is not related to the motion of the vehicle (steering, gas, brake) but is necessary for safe operation of a vehicle is called a: a) Secondary control b) Vehicle device c) Primary control d) Vehicle control
a) Secondary control These also include the ignition, gear selection, lights, signal indicators, and wiper functions.
Which of the following is not a type of PMD user? a) Intermittent in-home user/community user b) Dependent user c) Active user-not at risk for pressure injuries d) Active user-at risk for pressure injuries
b) Dependent user
Sets of driving parameters dictating how the chair performs under various driving conditions are called: a) Drive modes b) Drives or Profiles c) Driver programs d) Programming parameters
b) Drives or Profiles
Which of the following is not an advantage of a scooter? a) Aesthetics b) Easy to modify c) Increased mobility range d) Easier transfers
b) Easy to modify Some cons: More complicated to fit in a car, needs to be charged, and less flexible to modify for changing conditions
Which of the following is true of lightweight and ultra lightweight chairs? a) Ultra lightweight chairs are easier to transport b) Lightweight chairs weigh less than 34 lbs, whereas ultra lightweight chairs weigh less than 30 lbs c) The company classifies what is a lightweight chair vs. ultra lightweight d) Their listed weights typically include the weight of footrests and armrests
b) Lightweight chairs weigh less than 34 lbs, whereas ultra lightweight chairs weigh less than 30 lbs Medicare sets industry standards for chair weights. This weight does NOT include accessories like footrests and armrests.
Which of the following is not a proportional control? a) Joysticks b) Switches c) Head control d) Touchpad drive control e) Finger control f) All of the above are examples of proportional control
b) Switches
Which statement below is not true of manual wheelchairs? a) They are lighter in weight and are easier to transport b) They are harder to overcome accessibility problems c) They provide a level of exercise but may cause secondary complications d) They have greater reliability and are less expensive
b) They are harder to overcome accessibility problems They are easier to overcome accessibility problems
Which of the following not a reason why wheelchair fit is important? a) Protection of skin integrity b) Even distribution of pressure c) Comfort of the client d) Prevention of muscle imbalances and contracture development that may develop from prolonged poor posture e) Prevention of excess and/or abnormal shear forces or pressure on the skin during sitting, mobility or transfers
c) Comfort of the client
Which of the following statement is false about scooters? a) The patient must be able to safely transfer to and from, operate the tiller, and maintain postural stability b) Must have adequate mental and physical capabilities c) The home environment is not considered as scooters are compact and easily fit in most places d) Documentation must have evidence that a POV will significantly improve the ability to participate in MRADLs
c) The home environment is not considered as scooters are compact and easily fit in most places The home must have adequate access between rooms, maneuvering space, and appropriate surfaces as scooters have larger turning radius
Which statement below is not true of power wheelchairs? a) They have the greatest mobility range with the least exertion b) They are easier to modify over time c) They are more reliable than manual wheelchairs d) They are more difficult to transfer and more expensive
c) They are more reliable than manual wheelchairs Due to battery life and rain, they are less reliable
Which of the following statements is false about heavy duty manual wheelchairs? a) They weigh 55-60 lbs b) They can hold up to 450-500 lbs c) They can go as wide as 30 inches d) They are difficult to maneuver
c) They can go as wide as 30 inches They can go up to 32.5 inches
Driving decisions begin with____ and end with ______ : a) Processing info; decision b) Motor response; execution c) Visual info; motor response d) Execution; processing info e) Decision; execution
c) Visual info; motor response
When is it appropriate to use a slide board in a transfer? a) The patient is NWB b) The patient has good sitting balance c) The patient can lift most of their weight off their buttocks d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Which of the following is not impacted by seat slope? a) Sitting balance b) Transfers c) Reaching the rim d) All of the above are impacted
d) All of the above are impacted
Which of the following does not determine CMS eligibility? a) Patient must have mobility limitation that significantly impairs their participation b) All other technologies must be ruled out c) Documentation must exist stating the patient cannot self-propel a manual wheelchair d) Documentation of a diagnosis code
d) Documentation of a diagnosis code
Which of the following is not a mirror that can be used in a vehicle? a) Gooseneck b) Smart view c) Panoramic rearview d) Duckfoot
d) Duckfoot
Which of the following is not characteristic of a rearward axle? a) Increases rolling resistance b) Makes accessing rims more difficult c) Can hurt shoulders d) Improves propulsion
d) Improves propulsion Axle at center of gravity can improve propulsion and decrease injury.
Which of the following is the most effective in wheelchair propulsion? a) Arc b) Single loop over c) Double loop over d) Semicircular
d) Semicircular
Which of the following statements is false about general use cushions? a) Recommended for clients with full sensation and the ability to change positions b) They are typically flat or gently contoured c) Can be foam, gel, or thermoplastics d) They are typically 3-4 inches thick
d) They are typically 3-4 inches thick They are typically 1-2 inches thick
A patient has been told they can put as much weight on their limb as they can handle. What term does this define? a) TTWB b) TDWB c) PWB d) WBAT
d) WBAT
In rear wheel camber, what changes? a) Brings the top of the wheel closer b) Increases lateral stability c) Makes the chair wider d) Adds 2-5 degrees to the wheels e) All of the above
e) All of the above
Which of the following is not an advanced application to power chairs? a) Control of power seating b) Speech Generating Device (SGD) c) Infrared transmission d) Electronic Aids to Daily Life (EADLs) e) All of the above are examples of advanced applications
e) All of the above are examples of advanced applications Others include navigational strategies, computers, and emerging technologies (such as smartphones, gaming, and driverless cars)
Which of the following is not a general guideline of hip precautions? a) Avoid bending at the hip beyond 90 degrees b) Avoid crossing the legs in any position c) Avoid rotating the leg in or out d) Avoid extending the leg backwards e) All of the above are general guidelines
e) All of the above are general guidelines
Which of the following is not a role of the driving specialist? a) Evaluation and determine problem areas b) Analyze potential for rehab c) Recommend equipment or intervention d) Counsel e) Diagnose conditions related to driving risk
e) Diagnose conditions related to driving risk
Which of the following was not listed on how can you optimize driving with the chair? a) Hardware b) Bumpers and safety switches c) Tracking technology d) Input device e) Vision testing
e) Vision testing Other things that can be used to optimize driving are ongoing training and using a team approach.
If the footrests are too low, what could happen? a) Increased pressure on the ITs b) Less stability c) Increased risk of hitting the ground on a ramp or curb d) All of the above e) b and c only
e) b and c only Increased pressure on the ITs occurs if the footrests are too high
Which of the following is not a non-proportional control? a) Proximity switch drive controls b) Head control c) Wafer boards d) Scanner drive control e) Sip n Puff control f) All of the above are examples of non-proportional control
f) All of the above are examples
Which of the following is not impacted by seat height? a) Ability to reach the floor b) Difficulty fitting under tables c) Difficulty with transfers d) Difficulty reaching the push rims e) Pressure distribution f) All of the above are impacted
f) All of the above are impacted
