World Civ 2 Final Exam

The Mughals' primary challenge for control over Hindustan and the crucial Silk Road trade came from the _________ princes and their Persian allies.

Afghan

Beginning in the 1650s, the Portuguese began exporting what sorts of people to Brazil to replace the Native American labor lost to epidemics?

African slaves

In addition to being a monument to his beloved wife, the Taj Mahal is also an architectural allegory for:

Allah's judgment in paradise on the day of the resurrection.

Machiavelli's concept of virtù, of an intuitive leader, was derived in part from the political theories of

Aristotle

What did the "letters of marque" give European sailors legal permission to do?

Attack the ships of rival states.

The French dominated trade in silk products in Europe because they had access to what region's silk?

Bengal

What became the largest slave state in the world, and the destination of over half of all African slaves?

Brazil

Matteo Ricci and Ferdinand Verbiest are two examples of what kind of European interest in China?

Catholic missionary

In his preface, Cervantes claimed he had written Don Quixote of La Mancha to "ridicule the absurdity" of notions of ___________.

Chivalry

Henry the Navigator of Portugal occupied the Moroccan port of Ceuta, claiming that it had once been:

Christian

Many Ottoman sultans had concubines who were

Christian

Although various branches of the Catholic Church provided diverse education for the children of settlers in Spanish and Portuguese America, Catholic schools would not teach

Enlightenment ideas

Explorers and conquerors who first followed Cortés and Pizarro to the Americas discovered that what made them the most financial profit?

Enslaving Native Americans

Odo Nobunaga employed what in his endeavor to unify Japan under his authority in the late sixteenth century?

European guns

The purpose of the Spanish Inquisition, as appointed by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1481, was to:

Ferret out any people whose beliefs were contrary to Church teachings.

The practice of the devșirme contradicted Islamic law, which:

Forbade the enslavement of "peoples of the Book.

At the end of the Thirty Year's war, who emerged as the dominant power in Europe?

France

What did the Edict of Nantes in 1598, issued by King Henry IV, promise?

Freedom of religion for French Calvinists.

Although Henry the Navigator did not himself see the Rio de Oro, Portuguese explorers did find the __________ in West Africa.

Gold Coast

Humanism was an intellectual movement focused on human culture, in such fields as philosophy, philology, and literature, and based on the corpus of ___________ texts.

Greek and Roman

Although he limited their powers in many ways, how did Tokugawa Ieyasu increase the power of the daimyo and samurai?

He allowed them power over all commoners.

After Vasco da Gama circumnavigated the African continent in 1498, Portugal was able to open up direct trade relations with what Asian nation?

India

In 1498, the king of Portugal sent Vasco da Gama on a voyage to __________.

India

Aided by the ease of travel within the Mongol Empire, _________had, by the fourteenth century, become the dominant religion among the Central Asian Turkic peoples.

Islam

The Songhay, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausa kingdoms were all ___________ regimes, at least among the elites.

Islamic

In the sixteenth century, Portugal became involved in Ethiopia and brought with them _________ missionaries who threatened the Ethiopian church.

Jesuit

A quote from ________, as handed down in Islamic lore, was inscribed over the gateway of Akbar's Fatehpur Sikri.

Jesus

Iberians were convinced they needed to recapture Jerusalem for Christianity in order for

Jesus Christ to come back

The Onin War, the beginning of the Japanese civil war, was particularly devastating for what city?

Kyoto

Fought in the Eastern Mediterranean in 1571, the Battle of _________ was the first major sea battle in world history to be decided by firepower.

Lepanto

The caravel was developed in __________ to make travel along the Atlantic easier.

Lisbon

Ming military power was based on their command of gunpowder weapons, and as early as the 1390s, what were the Ming doing with their guns?

Mounting them on ships

During the Reconquista, Iberian Christians sought to rid the peninsula of:

Muslim rule

What were moriscos in fifteenth-century Spain?

Muslims who had converted to Christianity.

The few Dutch who were allowed to remain in Japan following the official move to seclusion had to live where?

Nagasaki harbor

South Carolina separated from North Carolina in 1719 in response to a war between English settlers and

Native Americans

Akbar had the Mahabharata and Ramayana translated into

Persian

_________ writers, painters, and poets followed Humayun to India, where their talents enlivened the arts and helped develop Urdu verse forms.

Persian

The king and royal family of Kongo adopted the language, religion, and many aspects of culture from

Portugal

From 1483 - 1486 the Portuguese explored from the Bight of Benin to the Congo River, hoping to discover

Prester John.

The mosque at Burhanpur was built by ________ and verses from the Quran translated into Sanskrit were engraved on it.

Shah Jahan

What religious group uses the Golden Temple at Amritsar?

Sikhs

The Jesuit "rites controversy" refers to their use of what while in China?

Tea and rice in the Eucharist

By the mid-sixteenth century, what was the status of the relationship between Austria and the Ottomans?

The Austrians had to pay the Ottomans tribute

Ignorant of Hinduism when he arrived in India, Vasco da Gama mistook the Indian religion for:

The Christianity of "Prester John."

Who granted the Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia the title of "king" in 1701?

The Holy Roman Emperor

Why did Portugal build trade forts on the West African coast, rather than go into the interior to trade?

The Portuguese were vulnerable to native weapons and native Africans' defensive use of boats.

What impact did the introduction of Indian cotton textiles have on Europe socially and economically?

There was a dramatic social and economic impact due to the introduction of Indian cotton textiles in Europe. It is thought of to have begun the industrial revolution because there were many people in G. Britain that were not allowed to receive imported goods from India

How did the Qing improve traditional Chinese guns?

They added a matchlock firing mechanism.

When Dutch Calvinists revolted in 1565, what did they do to Catholic churches?

They stripped them of images and sculpture.

When African slaves were "danced" during the Middle Passage, what was being done to them?

They were being exercised to keep them healthy

Mughal artistic tastes were very diverse, and during the reign of Jahangir, it was not unusual to see depictions of the Virgin Mary in Mughal portraits.

True

Blaise Pascal's theories about altitude and air pressure led to what practical application of the vacuum?

Weather-forecasting

Bombay was an important acquisition by the British East India Company because it gave the company

a good harbor.

Both the Salem Witch Trials and the Great Awakening revolved around

a literal or fundamentalist interpretation of Protestantism.

One factor causing the Protestant Reformation was the raising of revenue by the church through the indulgence, for

ambitious building projects.

The Qing approach to quelling any rebellions on its periphery included finally defeating the Mongols in the 1720, in a strategy known as "using __________ to check barbarians."

barbarians

Bartolomé de las Casas became an opponent of the encomienda system after he

became a priest and then a monk.

What new branch of mathematics did Newton and Leibniz simultaneously develop?

calculus

The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans was possible through the use of _________bombardment.

cannon

A new source of information for studying Chinese peasantry in the Ming - Qing period came from what Western source?

chronicles

The upper class of creoles in the Spanish American colonies came from landowning families and the

church

In the seventeenth century, the preferred non-alcoholic drink in Western Europe was

coffee

Early in the Ottoman conquests, warriors were paid in grants of land, which allowed them to profit economically by

collecting rents from the peasants.

The king of Kongo collected a head tax, which was paid in

cowrie shells

Coffeehouses allowed the literate urban public to meet, read __________, and exchange ideas.

daily newspapers

A form of forced enslavement in direct contradiction to Islamic law, the _________ system was a levy on Christian boys in the Ottoman Empire by which the conquered Christian population was obligated to contribute adolescent males to join the military and administrative classes.

devshirme

At first, the Portuguese were interested in trading with the natives of Brazil in order to obtain brazilwood, which was used for:

dyeing textiles

What New Scientist rediscovered the theories of Archimedes on floating bodies?

galileo

The Songhay emperors were able to dominate vassal states because the Songhay taxed what trade?

gold

The Incan nobility regrouped after the loss of Cuzco and managed to rebuild an empire that lasted for almost forty more years, using what tactic?

guerilla strikes

Although Benin traded fewer slaves to Europe than other West African states, Benin did increase its trade of slaves for

guns

In the repartimiento system, introduced by the Spanish crown in the 1540s, villagers paid tax in

labor

What were zamindars in the Mughal economic and administrative system?

local chiefs

Prior to 1800, most interregional trade was for

luxury goods

In elite Hindu families, the primary role of women was to bear children and to

manage the household

Charles I of England was forced to summon Parliament in 1642 when he needed

money, since his tax revenues had run out

Although Babur's forces at the battle of Panipat were outnumbered, he had what technological advantage?

muskets

A central doctrine of Calvin's Protestantism was his belief in

predestination to heaven or hell.

Pu Songling's Strange Tales from the "Make-Do" Studio were drawn from what literary tradition in China?

provincial folktales

By the eighteenth century, slave status in the Americas was defined by

race

The Virginia tobacco growers were able to construct an early popular assembly in 1619 because the English government was distracted by

religious conflict.

Pueblos de indios were colonial policies of

resettlement of native peoples after smallpox epidemics.

Japanese taxes had to be paid by the village as a unit and paid in what commodity?

rice

How did upper caste Hindus view Muslims, including the Mughals?

ritually unclean

In 1632 Galileo was sentenced to house arrest for his support of Copernicus's heliocentric theory because it was viewed by the Inquisition as a contradiction of

scripture

The Spanish crown created viceroyalties and provinces in the Americas to prevent

self-representation by the settlers.

From 1545 to c. 1750, the mines at Potosí produced over one half of all ________ the Spanish extracted from the Americas.

silver

Shortly after Columbus arrived in the Caribbean Islands the population of native Taínos and Caribs was decimated by

smallpox

The native populations of the Caribbean, the Taínos and Caribs, were wiped out soon after the arrival of Europeans, who brought with them

smallpox

Eighty percent of all African slaves transported to the Americas worked on ________ plantations.

sugar

What aspect of government continued to represent a decentralizing force, even in absolute monarchies such as Louis XIV's France?

tax collection

Although silk remained important, Europeans in the eighteenth century became increasingly interested in importing what from China?

tea

In the fourteenth and fifteenth century, China's population dropped from 100 to 60 million, largely due to

the Black Death

The American plantation slave system was an adaptation of the agricultural estate slave system first developed by

the Byzantines.

Tokugawa Ieyasu claimed to be a descendant of

the Minamoto clan.

In the eighteenth century the New England colonies developed an agricultural export in

timber

The Navigation Acts of 1651 and 1660 required all goods transported from England to American colonies to be

transported on English ships.

In the Persian - Hindu synthesis known as the "Mughal Style" of painting, what was the Hindu contribution?

vibrant colors

Hobbes speculated that humans in a state of nature would always choose to:

wage war.