world civ

Which Enlightenment thinker claimed that miracles violated natural law?

Hume

He add-dressed the issue of planetary motion and established a basis for physics that endured for more than two centuries:

Issac Newton

Russian victory in the Great Northern War led to:

a permanent Russian influence on European affairs

Success in building a secure financial base independent of the support of noble estates, diets, or assemblies is indicative of ________ rule.

absolute

John Law believed that:

an increase in the paper-money supply would stimulate France's economic recovery.

St. Petersburg:

exemplified Russia's new orientation to the West.

What happened to Henry's assassin?

He was executed and no-one ever found out for sure why he murdered the king.

How did King Henry IV Die?

He was murdered in the middle of the street

How many children did Louis XIII have with his wife Anne of Austria?

2

What percentage of people accused of witchcraft in the early modern period were women?

80%

Jansenism

A Catholic theological movement, primarily in France, that emphasized original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination. The movement originated from the posthumously published work of the Dutch theologian Cornelius Jansen, who died in 1638. It was opposed by many in the Catholic hierarchy, especially the Jesuits.

scientific method

A body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge based on empirical or measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. The Oxford Dictionaries Online define it as "a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses."

Leviathan

A book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) and published in 1651. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. It argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign.

Holy Synod

A congregation of Orthodox church leaders in Russia. It was established by Peter the Great, Stefan Yavorsky, and Feofan Prokopovich in January 1721 to replace the Patriarchate of Moscow. It was abolished following the February Revolution of 1917 and replaced with a restored patriarchate under Tikhon of Moscow.

Cavaliers

A name first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier male Royalist supporters of King Charles I and his son Charles II of England during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration (1642-c. 1679). It was later adopted by the Royalists themselves.

reconquista

A period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula, spanning approximately 770 years, between the initial Umayyad conquest of Hispania in the 710s, and the fall of the Emirate of Granada, the last Islamic state on the peninsula, to expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492.

The Fronde

A series of civil wars in France between 1648 and 1653, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War, which had begun in 1635. The king confronted the combined opposition of the princes, the nobility, the law courts (parlements), and most of the French people, yet won out in the end. It was divided into two campaigns, that of the parlements and that of the nobles.

Treaty of Utrecht

A series of individual peace treaties, rather than a single document, signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession in the Dutch city of Utrecht in 1713. The treaties between several European states, including Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal, Savoy, and the Dutch Republic, helped end the war.

humorism

A system of medicine detailing the makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by the Indian Ayurveda system of medicine, and Ancient Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers. It posits that an excess or deficiency of any of four distinct bodily fluids in a person—known as humors or humours—directly influences their temperament and health.

empiricism

A theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience. One of several views of epistemology, the study of human knowledge, along with rationalism and skepticism, it emphasizes the role of experience and evidence (especially sensory experience), in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or traditions.

Pride's Purge of 1648

An event that took place in December 1648, during the Second English Civil War, when troops of the New Model Army under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the Long Parliament all those who were not supporters of the Grandees in the New Model Army and the Independents. It is arguably the only military coup d'état in English history.

Why did Newton's school close for a time in the mid 1660s?

An outbreak of the plague

Who is the Hollywood namesake of William Shakespeare's first wife?

Anne Hathaway

What was the last name of the royal family of France during this period?

Bourbon

Which Enlightenment era writer was kidnapped by pirates?

Cervantes

Name the great financial minister of Louis XIV who made mercantilism into an art form (because he was so good at it).

Colbert

The condemnation of _________ by Roman Catholic authorities in 1633 is the single most famous incident of conflict between modern science and religious institutions.

Galileo

Which European nation came out of the war as the "biggest winner"?

Great Britain

People who supported new science, applied knowledge, religious toleration, mutual forbearance, and political unity formed the social base for the 18th-century movement known as the ___________.

Enlightenment

Why was John Milton's father kicked out and disowned his father?

For reading a Protestant Bible

Which of the following is true of the scientific revolution?

It was not rapid.

The scientific fact that the orbits of the planets are elliptical was discovered by:

Kepler

Which Enlightenment thinker believed that all babies were born with minds, as he called them a "clean slate?

Locke

Which French king was known as "The Sun King"?

Louis XIV

Who was King Louis XIV's most significant minister?

Mazarin

Huguenots

Members of a French Protestant denomination with origins in the 16th or 17th centuries. Historically, they were French Protestants inspired by the writings of John Calvin in the 1530s. The majority endorsed the Reformed tradition of Protestantism.

boyars

Members of the highest rank of the feudal Bulgarian, Moscovian, Ruthenian, (Ukraine and Belarus), Wallachian, and Moldavian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes (or tsars), from the 10th century to the 17th century.

He published On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres and rejected the notion of an Earth-centered universe:

Nicolaus Copernicus.

Which rebellion took place in France during Louis XIV's childhood?

Nobles or Fronde rebellion

The Petition of Right required all of the following EXCEPT:

Parliament would meet and confer at least every six months, regardless of whether it was summoned by the monarch.

What were the two most important models of European political development in the early modern period?

Parliamentary monarchy and political absolutism.

Which Enlightenment thinker had severe allergies/reactions to pretty much any type of solid food?

Pascal

Based upon your knowledge of the text, which of the following is the most plausible cause of the witch-hunts?

Religious split and warfare threatened the security of society, and witches were the scapegoats of a social panic.

Who is widely regarded as the father of modern philosophy?

Rene Descartes

Who was the most significant minister of King Louis XIII?

Richilieu

The Ottoman Empire was the largest and most stable political entity to arise in or near Europe following the collapse of the ____________.

Roman Empire

Which Enlightenment era writer was once called "an upstart crow"?

Shakespeare

Louis XIV's power and central position in French society were reflected in the unofficial title "The ______."

Sun King

Name the famous legislation guaranteeing religious toleration to the French Protestants (the Hugenots).

The Edict of Nantes

Copernicus was likely the first European scientist to propose...?

The Heliocentric Theory

Name the major European war during Louis' reign that was fought because the king of a major European power died without a male heir

The War of the Spanish Succession

Gallicanism

The belief that popular civil authority—often represented by the monarchs' authority or the state's authority—over the Catholic Church is comparable to the pope's.

Sir Francis Bacon was impeached from his government position because...?

The king was trying to protect the Duke of Buckingham

Roundheads

The name given to the supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War. Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against Charles I of England and his supporters, the Cavaliers or Royalists, who claimed rule by absolute monarchy and the divine right of kings. Their goal was to give the Parliament supreme control over executive administration.

Copernican Revolution

The paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the sun at the center of the solar system. Beginning with the publication of Nicolaus Copernicus's De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, contributions to the "revolution" continued, until finally ending with Isaac Newton's work over a century later.

Asiento

The permission given by the Spanish government to other countries to sell people as slaves to the Spanish colonies, between 1543 and 1834. In British history, it usually refers to the contract between Spain and Great Britain created in 1713 that dealt with the supply of African slaves for the Spanish territories in the Americas.

Which of the following is true of the Netherlands?

Toleration marked the Dutch religious life where peoples of differing religious faiths lived together peacefully.

The palace at ________ is a perfect example of how Louis XIV used the physical setting of his court to exert political control.

Versailles

The great French Philosophers, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau were...?

Were greatly influenced by Hobbes, Newton, and Locke

Which of the following events competed the Glorious Revolution?

William and Mary were proclaimed English monarchs.

According to advocates of the "divine right of kings", kings could only be judged by:

god

Edict of Nantes

granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in the nation, which was, at the time, still considered essentially Catholic

The assumption that the earth moved about the sun in a circle is known as the ___________ model.

heliocentric

According to Pascal's famous wager:

it is best to believe God exists and stake everything to gain the lot; if God should prove not to exist, comparatively little will be lost.

Francis Bacon believed that:

knowledge of nature should be used to improve the human condition.

Hobbs saw human beings as:

self-centered, power-hungry creatures.

After Cromwell died in 1658, the English were ready by 1660 to restore:

the monarchy and the Anglican Church.

The witch hunts ended because, among other things:

they threatened the social order.

Cardinal Richelieu

was a French clergyman, nobleman, and statesman, serving as King Louis XIII's Chief Minister (sometimes also called First Minister) from 1624. He sought to consolidate royal power and strengthen France's international position.