World Civ II Midterm Exam
Which group of humans was consigned to the bottom of Linnaeus's classification?
Africans
What did Europeans mean when they proposed that Africans should engage in "legitimate" trade?
Africans should sell raw materials instead of slaves, and buy manufactured goods from Europe.
Which of the following was a long-term effect of the Atlantic trade on Africa?
American food crops produced more calories per acre than traditional African staples, which partially offset the population loss of the slave trade.
Which of the following is a similarity between the ways that the rulers of Muslim and Chinese empires used the new wealth circulating in global trade?
Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their regimes through magnificent architecture and art.
Why did European wars expand into global confrontations?
Conflicts over overseas colonies and trade routes replaced earlier regional religious and territorial struggles. Done
Which of the following groups benefited most from the wealth generated by the Atlantic system?
European elites
Which of the following was a way in which the arts were used by artists or their patrons to send a social message between 1500 and 1750?
European women such as Mary Wollstonecraft took up the pen to counter the belief that women could not act as rational beings.
By the end of the seventeenth century, what best characterized the role of Europeans in Asia?
Europeans held a few coastal enclaves and had not significantly transformed Asian trade.
Why did King Pedro separate Brazil from Portuguese rule and declare Brazil to be a constitutional monarchy?
He feared an uprising among the local elites.
What differentiated Chinese merchants from Islamic traders?
Islamic traders had more autonomy as they were not subject to any central authority.
In what way was the U.S. Declaration of Independence an Enlightenment document?
It announced that all men were endowed with equal rights.
Which of the following accurately describes the political revolution against the Spanish monarchy in early nineteenth-century Latin America?
It became a social struggle among Amerindians, slaves, mestizos, and whites.
After the Civil War, how did the United States encourage the incorporation of its western territories?
It encouraged settlers to move to the hinterlands with promises of cheap land for homesteading.
How did popular culture in Tokugawa Japan subvert its social order?
It idolized groups such as actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy.
In what way did the Spanish capture of Manila in 1571 inaugurate the first worldwide trade circuit?
Manila gave the Spanish a base to trade silver from the Americas to China, and then Chinese goods to Europe.
What can historians use as evidence that the ideals of the Enlightenment were not universally accepted?
Many governments employed censors and punished radical thinkers.
How did the European missionary presence differ in the Americas from that in East Asia before 1800?
Missionaries to the Americas were backed up by colonial officials and military power.
What did the Battle at Lepanto in 1571 demonstrate?
Only a united European effort could combat the Ottomans' advance.
Which of the following was included in 1842 Treaty of Nanjing?
The Chinese ceded the island of Hong Kong to the British.
For what reason did the Tokugawa shoguns expel all foreign traders except for the Dutch?
The Dutch were Protestants and did not proselytize.
During the sixteenth century, what impact did the European presence in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea have on Asian dynasties?
The European presence enhanced Asian rulers' wealth and might.
After 1570, why was Japan supplanted as the primary source of silver for China?
The Spanish discovered new sources of silver in the Philippines, which was closer to China than Japan was.
In the eighteenth century, which of the following was an argument made against the mercantile system?
The mercantile system kept people from sharing in the wealth that was circulating around the Atlantic world.
In what way did nineteenth-century nationalist goals prove destructive in the twentieth century?
The nationalist goals of different groups proved incompatible with one another.
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Enlightenment thinkers on nineteenth-century nationalists?
The political boundaries of a nation should reflect people's shared past, culture, and tradition.
Why did the Chinese devote a great deal of attention to astronomy and calendrical science?
They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work.
Which of the following was a product of radical French revolutionaries who controlled the French government during the 1790s?
They established the world's largest army.
How did Captain Cook's voyages to Australia reflect Enlightenment ideas?
They included scientists to describe and classify Australia's fauna, flora, people, and natural features.
How did Asante kings use the wealth they acquired from trade?
They showed their link to wealth and power by displaying gold-covered spears, maces, and elephant tails.
What was the role of the Ottoman tekkes schools?
They taught devotional strategies to prepare students to enter Sufi orders.
Which of the following was the most common way that enslaved Africans in the Americas resisted the conditions of their enslavement?
Thousands of slaves fled to the remote interiors of Brazil or the Caribbean islands.
The Protestant Reformation encouraged the growth of nationalism in Europe by encouraging people to
identify their religion with their local state and language.
How did nationalist thinkers define "the nation"?
millenarian peasant revolts
Which of the following were the most popular books published in Ming China?
study guides for civil service examinations
Which document resulted from elite Americans' fear that their revolution was becoming too radical and threatened to plunge the nation into anarchy?
the Constitution
Wahhabi Islam was a direct threat to the political power of which of the following?
the Ottoman Empire
What new economic development permitted the accumulation of capital needed to invest in new industries?
the limited-liability, joint-stock company
What invention transformed sugar refining, pottery making, and textile making?
the steam engine
Which group closed off the studies into European science, history, and geography begun by Ibrahim Muteferrika?
the ulama
What was the general goal of imperial powers, such as Great Britain, in the late nineteenth century?
to force their colonies to buy their manufactured goods while exporting staple commodities
Why did King Louis XVI summon the Estates-General into session in 1788?
to levy new taxes in order to improve his credit
What was Portugal's primary goal in the Indian Ocean trade?
to take over the trade or tax local merchants
What was a similarity between the Ming and the Mughal dynasties?
Both were able to limit European traders to port cities.
In what way might the transporting of British prisoners to Australia be considered an Enlightenment concept?
Civilized British society would not be undermined by uncivilized populations.
Which of the following was a way in which the spread of Protestant beliefs contributed to protracted warfare in Europe between the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries?
Common people took up arms to defend their religious beliefs and practices instead of leaving warfare to professional soldiers. Done
What was the political rationale for monarchs such as Louis XIV and Charles II to support scientific academies?
If the crown was seen to support scientific progress, the great minds of the academies would also be seen to support the crown.
In response to Commodore Perry's arrival in Edo Bay, how did young Japanese elites plan to modernize?
They planned to adopt western technology, while maintaining Japanese culture.
Which of the following contributed to social and political instability in both China and Africa?
Which of the following contributed to social and political instability in both China and Africa?
Who benefited most from the revolutions against Spanish rule in the Americas?
Who benefited most from the revolutions against Spanish rule in the Americas?
