World Geo

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greenhouse gases.

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a program aimed at reducing

T

Santería in Cuba is an example of syncretism, or the blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith

T

The 1959 revolution led by Fidel Castro produced a communist state in Cuba.

Montserrat

Since major volcanic eruptions occurred on the island of ________ in 1997, scientists have been closely monitoring the volcano with the goal of developing better forecasts and predictions of volcanic eruptions in other parts of the world.

Latifundia; minifundia

________ are large agricultural estates; ________ are small family farms.

Population pressure

________ refers to the combination of factors within a population that reduce the ability of an environment to support the population, thus causing migration or population decline.

dialect

the local form of a language used in a particular place or by a certain group

Central Highlands

the most densely populated region of Central America

reforestation

the planting of young trees or seeds on lands where trees have been cut or destroyed

population pressure

the sum of factors within a population that reduce the ability of an environment to support the population, therefore resulting in migration or population decline

Columbian Exchange

the transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere

biodiversity

the variety of different species of plants and animals in an environment

slash-and-burn cultivation and commercial logging

which of the following are two leading causes of deforestation in Central America?

cottage industries.

In Central America, most industrial employment occurs in

tierra templada

In Central America, which climate zone is the most densely populated?

T

In the Caribbean, family structure is often matriarchal, or headed by a woman.

mountainous with active volcanoes.

Because of its location on the Ring of Fire, much of Central America is

biodiversity

Because they have a great variety of species of plants and animals that are threatened with destruction, Costa Rica and Panama are considered ________ hotspots.

high temperatures and abundant rainfall year-round.

For most of Central America and the Caribbean, being located in the tropics results in

F

Due to high infant mortality rates and low life expectancy, the population of Central America has declined since the 1950s.

Catholicism.

Due to its colonial past, most people in Central America today are followers of

sustainable development

Enacting laws that require the reforestation of cleared lands is one way that Central American countries can promote

F

Haiti was the first colony in Latin America to win its independence by successfully overthrowing the Spanish colonizers

F

Haitian Creole is a patois that blends Portuguese vocabulary with African and Spanish words.

it is a dialect that blends words from different languages.

Haitian Creole is an example of patois because

as a result of the Spanish-American War

How did Cuba achieve its independence from Spain?

T

In Central America and the Caribbean, farm workers have been leaving rural areas to move to cities and look for better economic opportunities.

slash-and-burn

In Central America, ________ agriculture has destroyed huge swaths of rain forest.

agricultural

In Central America, more workers are employed in the ________ sector than any other sector of the economy.

coral reefs

Islands in the Antilles are surrounded by ________, which are home to a wide variety of fish.

water

Like many disputes throughout the history of Central America, ________ was at the center of a 2010 conflict between Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

T

Major cash crops in Central America and the Caribbean include bananas, sugarcane, and coffee.

The islands are suffering from soil erosion.

Many small islands in the Caribbean have been used for intensive plantation agriculture for centuries. What problem has this caused today?

soil erosion

On small Caribbean islands that have been intensively farmed for centuries, ________ has become a serious environmental problem.

reforestation

One method of reducing the damage to the rain forests of Central America is to enact laws requiring ________ of land that has been cleared.

provide new opportunities for rural families.

PRODESEC (Economic Development Program for the Dry Region of Nicaragua) is a Nicaraguan plan to

isthmus

Panama is a(n) ________ between North America and South America.

T

Panama was once part of Colombia.

Colombia.

Prior to independence, Panama was part of

archipelago

The Greater Antilles and the Lesser Antilles are part of a(n) ________ in the Caribbean Sea.

more land is cleared for agriculture to feed urban residents.

The growing populations in Central American and Caribbean cities adds to the problem of deforestation because

tropical wet/dry

The islands of the Caribbean typically have a ________ climate.

bananas and sugarcane

What crops are typically grown in the tierra caliente zone?

the Columbian Exchange

What is the correct term for the transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases that began when Europeans arrived in the Western Hemisphere?

Lake Nicaragua

What is the largest freshwater lake in Central America?

loss of biodiversity and the extinction of species

Which of the following describes the effects of deforestation in Central America?

tierra caliente

Which vertical climate zone is a hot temperature zone where bananas and sugarcane are grown?

tierra fría

Which vertical climate zone is characterized by frosts in winter and is where potatoes and barley are grown?

They are located on hillsides and are thus susceptible to mudslides and flooding

Why does the location of many shantytowns in Central America and the Caribbean pose dangers to their residents?

cottage industry

a business that employs workers who work out of their homes

Haiti

a country that won its independence in 1804, following a revolt led by François Toussaint-Louverture

patois

a dialect used in everyday speech that blends elements of several languages

United Provinces of Central America

a former federation that included the present-day countries of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua

archipelago

a group or a chain of islands

latifundia

a large agricultural estate owned by a family or corporation in Latin America

isthmus

a narrow strip of land that connects two larger land areas

ecotourism

a new type of environmentally responsible travel

biodiversity hotspot

a place that hosts a great variety of species of plants and animals and is under threat

Panama Canal

a shipping shortcut across Central America between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

shantytown

a slum on the edge of a city which lacks running water and sanitation systems

minifundia

a small farm that produces food chiefly for family consumption in Latin America

Panama Canal

a transportation route opened in 1914 and once controlled by the United States

Ring of Fire

a zone prone to earthquakes and volcanic activity due to tectonic plate movement

Panama

an isthmus connecting North America and South America

Volcanic Axis

area where mountains attain elevations of more than 12,000 feet and earthquakes are common

Lempa River

generates hydroelectricity in El Salvador

the lack of sanitary water

in slums in Central America and the Caribbean, disease spreads quickly because of

Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles

part of an archipelago in the Caribbean

sedimentation

the action or process of forming or depositing eroded material


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