World Geography - West and Central Africa +

Even though the Great Rift Valley encompasses lakes, volcanoes, and deep valleys, it is East Africa's _____ area in the east.

- Highest

The _____ Desert runs through West and Central Africa. It stretches from the Atlantic to the ______ ocean. Farmers here practice ______ agriculture, moving to a new location when soil nutrients are used up

- Sahel -Indian -Shifting

In Southwest Asia and North Africa,_______ are the dominant ethnic group; _________ is the dominant religion; and __________ is the dominant language.

-Arabs -Islam -Arabic

These civilizations began in the area known as the "Cradle of Civilization," or Mesopotamia. Select all that apply.

-Assyria -Babylonia -Egypt -Han -Indus -Sumer

Strategies being used to reduce pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa include _____.

-Cleaner burning fuels -UNFCCC -More efficient cars

The countries on the Horn of Africa enjoy these advantages.

-Close to shipping lanes - Near South Asia and Europe - Proximity to Middle Eastern Europe

How do mountains affect the physical and human geography of East and Southern Africa?

-Coastal Plain Width -Settlement Patterns -River Navigation -Energy Production

Descriptions of African Rivers

-Congo, also known as Zaire -Niger, the third-largest river in Africa -Nile, longest river in the world -Zambezi, home of Victoria fall

What are some advantages enjoyed by West African coastal nations?

-Crop Productivity -Increased Rainfall

Country's that occupy the horn of Africa.

-Eritrea -Ethiopia -Somalia -Djibouti

Which countries are most affected by the Nile?

-Ethiopia -Sudan -South Sudan -Egypt -Rwanda -Tanzania -Uganda -Burundi -the Democratic Republic of Congo -Eritrea -Kenya

These factors have contributed to desertification.

-Farming -Population Growth -Overgrazing

Some human activities brought out in this lesson section that affect the health of Sub-Saharan Africa's marine ecosystems are:

-Farming -development/industry -tourism -transportation

What strategies are being used by African countries to improve their economies?

-Foreign investment -loans -trade

What are the colonial (European) languages spoken in sub-Saharan Africa?

-French -Spanish -Italian -Portuguese -English -German

These natural resources were important to the Kingdom of Mali.

-Gold -Salt

On average, in most Sub-Saharan African countries, the fertility rate is________and the death rate is ________.

-High -High

What describes the climate conditions of Central Africa?

-High temperatures -LOW rainfall, abundant

What benefits are provided by the Orange River Project?

-Increased Irrigation water -Increased energy resources

Strategies being used in Sub-Saharan Africa to reverse land degradation include _____.

-Increased soil Fertility -Reduced uses of chemical agents -Reforestation

Which statements describe the economic situation in Sub-Saharan Africa?

-It is hindered by weak government systems. -Debt relief will improve the economic situation.

Which countries have the highest population density?

-Kenya -Nigeria -Democratic Republic of the Congo - Ethiopia

Population growth in Sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in: _____.

-Lack of housing -Inadequate health care -Unemployment -Food Shortages

What did most of the powerful African kingdoms have in common?

-Natural Resources -Coastal Location

Which countries have a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean?

-Nigeria -Senegal -Cameroon -Gabon

What is transported on the Niger River?

-Passengers - Petroleum -Crops

In what ways are poverty and the environment related? Select all that apply.

-People depend heavily on the land for their survival. -Survival needs come before environmental preservation.

How are poverty and the environment related?

-People rely heavily on their land for their needs -Survival needs come before environmental preservation.

These factors cause environmental problems in Sub-Saharan Africa.

-Positive population growth -deforestation -development

These factors describe the political situation in the region.

-Representative government is increasing. -Government systems lack capacity.

Which statements describe Sub-Saharan Africa's political situation?

-Representative government is increasing. -Governments lack capacity.

In which countries in Sub-Saharan Africa do most of the population belong to the same ethnic group?

-Swaziland -Lesotho -Somalia

What factors resulted in increased ethnic conflict during the colonial period?

-The drawing of political borders -favoritism towards and ethnic group -Divide and conquer policies

What countries do the Atlas Mountains pass through?

-Tunisia -Algeria -Morocco

In what ways might technological advances benefit Sub-Saharan Africa?

-Vaccines -Increased life expectancy -Improved agricultural methods -More jobs

Renewable resources of West and Central Africa include: _____.

-Water -Forests

The seasons of Sub-Saharan Africa are _____.

-Wet/rainy -Dry

What is meant by "The Scramble for Africa?"

-competition for colonies

Characteristics of African colonies included: _____.

-forced labor -lack of services -larger police forces -non-representative governments -urbanization

What brought world religions into sub-Saharan Africa?

-immigration -missionaries -trade

These factors hinder environmental efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa.

-inadequate funding -lack of coordinated regional polices -political instability -ineffective enforcement

The political problems of the post-colonial period included _____.

-lack of political capacity -Human Rights -Ethnic Conflict

What were the main factors leading to the European colonization of Africa? Select all that apply.

-need for market places -need for raw material

Similarities among the different types of governments established during the period of colonization included _____.

-not being representative -having a lack of capacity or revenue to function

The soil in rain-forest is ______ (West & Central Africa)

-poor, why people don't live in rain-forest.

What is the Ituri?

A rain forest, Worlds second largest rain forest.

This greatly decreases life expectancy in the region.

AIDS

Which conclusion accurately explains Africa's economic and government problems after independence.

Africa's political problems were solved, but they continued to struggle economically.

Environmental & Society: Sub-Saharan Africa vocab

Bushmeat - food source obtained by hunting wild animals desalinization - To remove salt from something e.g the ocean groundwater - water beneath the earth's surface that supplies wells and springs Organic Farming - Crop production that minimizes the use of chemicals Sustainable - meeting current needs without reducing the ability to future needs Globalization - the integration of world economies or cultures

West and Central Africa Vocab-terms

Cash crop - agricultural products grown to be sold. Delta - A broad triangular-shaped land area at the mouth of a river. Desertification - change causing an area to become more arid. drought - Long period of dry weather resulting in water shortages. shifting agriculture - a farming system in which farmers use a land area until its nutrients are depleted and then move to a new location. subsistence farming - growing crops to provide for the needs of one's family.

Vocabulary for East & Southern Europe

Cataract - Waterfall Colonization - A system under which foreign governments take control of an area for political and/or economic purposes. escarpment - steep cliff or slope usually created by faulting or erosion. topography - physical features of a place or region. Tributary - stream that flows into a larger stream or body of water. veldt - plateau

In these large kingdoms, one ruler held all the power.

Centralized kingdoms

Which of the countries listed below receives the least rainfall?

Chad

What is the dominant religion in South Africa?

Christianity

The benefits provided by Africa's rivers include all of the following except _____.

Cross-Continental transport

Settlement and movement: Sub Saharan Africa Vocab

Cyclical Migration - movement of people between places on a regular basis Demographics - The study of Population Fertility Rate -average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime Population Density - the number of people who live in a square mile or kilometer Refugees - People who leave their homelands seeking safety in a foreign country.

The Nile River runs through this country.

Egypt

North African countries

Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya

Culture: sub-Saharan Africa Vocab

Genocide - Mass killing of a group of people homogeneous - of the same kind or type nationalism - loyalty to one's country tribalism - loyalty to one's group

Which of the statements below is true?

History affects geography and geography affects history.

The effects a project will have on an area's resources is evaluated using _____.

Impact Statements

Urbanization is ______ In sub-Saharan Africa

Increasing

This was the dominant religion in sub-Saharan Africa prior to the colonial period.

Indigenous

Why was the Atlantic Charter important to Africa's history?

It called for self-government

What is the main problem of African economic systems?

Lack of economic diversity.

What is Africa's largest lake?

Lake Victoria

Life expectancy in Sub-Saharan Africa is _______ than the rest of the world

Lower

Life expectancy in Sub-Saharan Africa is the_______ that of more-developed nations

Lower Than

On average, _________ receive more education in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Males

What role did geography play in the early African kingdoms?

Mineral deposits brought wealth and power.

In what way did geography affect early African kingdoms?

Mineral resources brought wealth and power

What is the major factor that prevents children from attending school?

Money

Which North African country is closest to Europe?

Morocco

What was the motivation behind Europe's colonization of Africa?

Need for raw materials

What is the dominant language family in sub-Saharan Africa?

Niger-Congo

What physical process is responsible for the Great Rift Valley and the Great Escarpment?

Plate Movement

Population growth of Sub-Saharan Africa is _____.

Positive

What is the primary strategy being used to stop the loss of biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Protection

Where is health care a greater problem? (Africa)

Rural Areas

This forms a land bridge between Asia and Africa.

Sinai Peninsula

What African country was the last to gain its independence?

South Africa

What region of Sub-Saharan Africa has the greatest mineral wealth?

Southern Africa

What activity was begun by the Portuguese, lasted for more than four hundred years, and was harmful for Africa?

The Atlantic slave trade

This river brought diamonds to the Namibia Desert.

The Orange River

Why were Africa's problems NOT solved by independence?

The multi-party system created more problems.

Why do most people in Africa speak more than one language?

The people of the region travel frequently between the world's continents.

Draw a conclusion as to why the air quality of Africa is better than Europe.

There are vehicles per capita and fewer factories.

What is the dominant language of sub-Saharan Africa?

There is no dominant language.

Why are environmental issues a major concern for the people of Sub-Saharan Africa?

They derive most of their livelihoods from the land.

What is the purpose of NEPAD?

To promote African Renewal

In most Sub-Saharan African countries, which age group has the highest number of people?

Under 15

Water quality is a greater concern for Sub-Saharan Africa's ________populations.

Urban

What is the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)?

a low-pressure area that influences climate

Historical perspectives: Sub-Saharan Africa Vocab

apartheid - a system of racial segregation; apartness in Afrikaans colonization - a system under which foreign governments take control of an area for political and/or economic purposes corruption - the use of leadership positions for personal gain (examples include bribery or kickbacks)

North Africa Vocab

aquifers - underground water sources delta - a broad, triangular-shaped land area at the mouth of a river oasis - a small fertile area in the desert, usually a place where water is close to the surface (plural - oases) rain shadow - an area that receives less precipitation due to its location on the leeward side of a mountain

What was the most common government system in Africa during the 1970s?

military

In the 1500s, Europeans traded guns for _____.

people

Africa is known as the _____ continent.

plateau

A "brain drain" has occurred in many Sub-Saharan African countries because _____.

professionals migrate to other continents that offer better opportunities

Globalization

the integration of world economies or cultures