World History Chapter 27

Soviet

(before the revolution) any governmental council. (after the revolution) a local council, originally elected only by manual workers, with certain powers of local administration. (after the revolution) a higher council elected by a local council, being part of a hierarchy of soviets culminating in the Supreme Soviet. 2. any similar council or assembly connected with a socialistic governmental system elsewhere. 3. (initial capital letter). Often, Soviets. a governing official or person living in the Soviet Union: Dirty Rotten Commie (Rather be dead than red!)

League of Nations

An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.

Which country was forced to pay reparations to Britain and France after World War I?

Germany

Allies

Great Britain , Russia , France, United States (all friends)

Which member of the Triple Alliance fought on the side of the Triple Entente?

Italy

Triple Alliance

Italy, Germany, and Austria- Hungary (Axis of Evil)

Great Britain joined the war after Germany invaded which country?

Poland, Sept 3, 1939 (Nana Born)

Triple Entente

Russia, France, and Great Britain (Enduring Friends)

What happened on 11/11/1918 at 11:00?

The Allied powers signed a ceasefire agreement with Germany at Rethondes, France, at 11:00 a.m. on November 11, 1918, bringing the war, later known as World War I, to a close.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia's exit from World War I.

What was the immediate cause of World War I?

The final event which led to the outbreak of the First World War took place on June 28, 1914. On that day, the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, and his wife were shot dead by a young Serbian nationalist of the Black Hand at Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital

Duma

This was Russia's first parliament.

Central Powers

Triple Alliance also known as Central Powers (Axis of Evil)

Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution?

Vladmir Lenin

Fourteen Points

Wilson created these points to include in the Treaty Of Versailles, it included the League Of Nations, only Treaty that wasn't signed by Americans.

Armistice

agreement to stop fighting

Reparations

payment for war damages

Mobilize

prepare its army for war

Genocide

systematic extermination

Propaganda

use of selected bits of information, both true and false to get people to back their country's war effort.

Belligerents

warring nations

What were the terms of the armistice?

...Terms of the Armistice When the German peace delegation arrived at a railway siding in Compiegne Forest (see photo) to negotiate the terms for an armistice on November 8th, they found that the Allies were in no mood to negotiate at all. Allied Supreme Commander, Ferdinand Foch, believed that there was no need to discuss terms whatsoever as he simply wanted to tell the Germans, led by Matthias Erzberger, what they were going to sign with the expectation that they would have to sign. In this Foch was ironically helped by the German government. The situation in Germany was such that the government feared major social unrest caused by a chronic food shortage. They issued an order to Erzberger that he should sign whatever the Allies placed in front of him. Therefore at 05.10 on November 11th 1918, he signed the 34 terms of the Armistice - as harsh as he may have believed them to be. The main terms were: 1. All occupied lands in Belgium, Luxembourg, and France-plus Alsace-Lorraine, held since 1870 by Germany-were to be evacuated within fourteen days. 2. The Allies were to occupy land in Germany to the west of the River Rhine and bridgeheads on the river's east bank up to a depth of thirty kilometres. 3. German forces had to be withdrawn from Austria-Hungary, Romania, and Turkey. 4. Germany was to surrender to neutral or Allied ports 10 battleships, 6 battle cruisers, 8 cruisers, and 160 submarines. 5. Germany was also to be stripped of heavy armaments, including 5,000 artillery pieces, 25,000 machine guns, and 2,000 airplanes. 6. The naval blockade would continue. 7. 5,000 locomotives, 150,000 railway cars, and 5,000 trucks would be confiscated from Germany. 8. Germany would be blamed for the war and reparations would be paid for all damage caused. Many of these terms were to form the basis of the Treaty of Versailles.

Treaty of Versailles

1919 treaty that ended World War I. The Peace treaty signed by Germany and the Allied powers after WWI. Germany agreed to pay reparations of 132 billion gold marks to the Triple Entente in the Treaty of Versailles. Bulgaria paid reparations of 2.25 billion gold francs (90 million pounds) to the Entente, according to Treaty of Neuilly

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.