World History Final- Dionisio
Napoleons final defeat was at the A: Battle of Waterloo. B: Battle of the Nations. C: Battle of Moscow. D: Battle of Austerlitz.
A: Battle of Waterloo.
Which painter was known for his vivid royal portraits at the court of King Philip IV during Spains golden age? A: Diego Velázquez B: Pedro Serra C: Fernando Gallego D: Nicolás Francés
A: Diego Velázquez
In Frances old order, the clergy belonged to the A: First Estate. B: Second Estate. C: Third Estate. D: Fourth Estate.
A: First Estate.
Who assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts preserving the works of Cicero, Homer, and Virgil? A: Francesco Petrarch B: Thomas More C: Francis Bacon D: Thomas Cranmer
A: Francesco Petrarch
How did Louis XIV govern France in 1661 after the death of his chief minister? A: He took complete control of the government. B: He ruled in partnership with the Estates General. C: He tried to share power with all French social classes. D: He established a republic known as the Commonwealth.
A: He took complete control of the government.
What triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the Church of England? A: Henry VIII wanted a divorce. B: Henry VIII converted to Lutheranism. C: The pope would not end Church corruption. D: The pope rejected the Act of Supremacy.
A: Henry VIII wanted a divorce.
The Swiss city-state of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality under the leadership of A: John Calvin. B: John Knox. C: Martin Luther. D: Ulrich Zwingli.
A: John Calvin.
Unlike Francis Bacon, René Descartes believed that the best road to understanding was through A: human reasoning. B: experimentation. C: observation. D: hypothesis testing.
A: human reasoning.
What did Maria Theresa do to strengthen the Hapsburg empire? A: She drove the Prussians out of Silesia. B: She reorganized the Hapsburg bureaucracy. C: She established Austrias overseas colonies. D: She negotiated the Peace of Westphalia.
B: She reorganized the Hapsburg bureaucracy.
William II asked Bismarck to resign because A: Bismarck had lost favor with the people. B: William II wanted no rivals. C: Bismarck had falsified Williams telegram to the French ambassador. D: William II wanted a stronger military leader.
B: William II wanted no rivals.
The Congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by A: restoring Napoleon to the throne. B: restoring hereditary monarchies. C: establishing a republic in France. D: combining France and Belgium.
B: restoring hereditary monarchies.
Rotten boroughs in Britain were A: run-down neighborhoods in London needing urban renewal. B: rural towns that had an unfairly large number of representatives in Parliament. C: politically corrupt towns and cities controlled by industrialists. D: unclean factory towns that spread through Britain in the early 1800s.
B: rural towns that had an unfairly large number of representatives in Parliament.
Bloody Sunday served as a turning point in Russia because A: it strengthened the tsars power. B: it led to Japans triumph over Russia. C: it caused the people to lose faith in the tsar. D: it marked the beginning of World War I.
C: it caused the people to lose faith in the tsar.
Synthetic dyes were among the new products that resulted from cooperation between German industrialists and A: farmers. B: bankers. C: scientists. D: workers.
C: scientists.
The inventor who perfected the microscope and was the first person to see cells and microorganisms was A: Ambroise Paré B: Andreas Vesalius C: Robert Boyle D: Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D: Anton van Leeuwenhoek
In Bismarcks practice of Realpolitik, his political actions were guided by A: the needs of the people. B: traditional morality. C: the principle of divine right. D: the needs of the state.
D: the needs of the state.
Which country was able to remain outside Napoleons European empire? A: Britain B: Belgium C: Italy D: the Netherlands
A: Britain
What was a major cause of conflict within the empire of King Charles V? A: Charles suppressed Protestantism in the German states. B: Charles fought his brother in a series of religious wars. C: Saxons invaded France and tried to occupy Paris. D: Ottoman forces overran much of southern France.
A: Charles suppressed Protestantism in the German states.
What was a result of the treaty known as the Peace of Westphalia in 1648? A: France gained territory on its Spanish and German frontiers. B: Germany became united under a strong, central government. C: The Netherlands became part of the Hapsburg empire. D: Poland was divided among Russia, Prussia, and Austria.
A: France gained territory on its Spanish and German frontiers.
Who described architecture as a social art meant to combine beauty with utility and improvement of society? A: Leon Alberti B: Andrea Palladio C: Francesco di Giorgio Martini D: Sebastiano Serlio
A: Leon Alberti
The system of checks and balances in the United States Constitution was influenced by the ideas of which Enlightenment thinker? A: Montesquieu B: Voltaire C: Rousseau D: Diderot
A: Montesquieu
What was a major threat to the empire of Charles V? A: Ottomans advancing across Europe B: a Protestant rebellion in Spain C: the War of the Spanish Succession D: an English invasion of Europe
A: Ottomans advancing across Europe
In the 1890s, U.S. farmers joined city workers to support the A: Populist party. B: Labor party. C: Socialist Workers party. D: American Freedom party.
A: Populist party.
What humanist of Northern Europe wrote about his vision of an ideal society, in which people live in peace and harmony? A: Sir Thomas More B: Desiderius Erasmus C: William Shakespeare D: François Rabelais
A: Sir Thomas More
Which of the following British laws imposed taxes on such items as newspapers and pamphlets in the American colonies? A: Stamp Act B: Navigation Act C: Declaratory Act D: Sugar Act
A: Stamp Act
Which of the following was an obstacle to progress in Russia in the 1800s? A: a rigid social structure B: few natural resources C: a powerful middle class D: little productive land
A: a rigid social structure
In the government Bismarck set up for the German empire, membership in the Reichstag was determined by A: a vote of all male citizens. B: inherited titles of nobility. C: appointment by the rulers of the German states. D: Bismarck.
A: a vote of all male citizens.
Bismarck introduced many social reforms in Germany because he wanted to A: avoid a socialist revolution. B: fulfill the states obligation to its people. C: win votes for reelection. D: move the country toward democracy.
A: avoid a socialist revolution.
Elegant compositions by Handel, Haydn, and Mozart reflected a new musical style of the Enlightenment known as A: classical. B: baroque. C: folk. D: romantic.
A: classical.
An important goal of Philip II of Spain was to A: defend the Catholic Reformation. B: make peace with England. C: end the Inquisition in the Netherlands. D: promote religious freedom.
A: defend the Catholic Reformation.
In 1859, Camillo Cavour provoked a war between Sardinia and Austria because A: he wanted to end Austrian power in Italy. B: the Austrian king had insulted a Sardinian ambassador. C: German forces would fight for Sardinia against Austria. D: Austrian assassins had attacked Victor Emmanuel.
A: he wanted to end Austrian power in Italy.
An enlightened despot was a ruler who A: influenced political and social change. B: gave up absolute power. C: allowed limited voting rights. D: wrote satire to expose corruption.
A: influenced political and social change.
Under the Napoleonic Code A: men regained complete authority over their wives. B: most Enlightenment principles were abandoned. C: the practice of religion was banned. D: many aspects of feudalism were restored.
A: men regained complete authority over their wives.
In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a A: possible explanation to be tested. B: conclusion that should not be questioned. C: truth that leads to understanding. D: truth known at the start of an inquiry.
A: possible explanation to be tested.
What war tactic helped the Russians defeat Napoleon? A: scorched-earth policy B: Continental System C: Waterloo Strategy D: blockades
A: scorched-earth policy
The National Assembly voted to pay off the huge government debt by A: selling Church lands. B: selling lands owned by Louis XVI. C: raising taxes on property. D: instituting an income tax.
A: selling Church lands.
The Tories were an English political party that A: supported broad royal powers. B: reflected urban business interests. C: was dominated by Roman Catholics. D: supported religious toleration.
A: supported broad royal powers.
In 1832, large towns and cities in Britain received greater representation in Parliament as a result of A: the Great Reform Act. B: the Peoples Charter. C: the secret ballot. D: universal male suffrage.
A: the Great Reform Act.
William Lloyd Garrison pushed for what kind of social change? A: the end to slavery in the United States B: universal suffrage in the United States C: the advancement of worker rights through U.S. labor unions D: the regulation of U.S. monopolies
A: the end to slavery in the United States
Through the aid of Prince Maximilian, Napoleon III hoped to A: turn Mexico into a French satellite. B: bring an end to the Crimean War. C: help Italian nationalists defeat Austria. D: acquire the areas of Nice and Savoy.
A: turn Mexico into a French satellite.
By the 1800s Russian tsars saw the need to modernize, but they resisted because they thought reforms would A: undermine their absolute rule. B: slow the pace of westernization. C: undermine their industrial might. D: hold back revolutionary reforms.
A: undermine their absolute rule.
The poorest members of the Third Estate were A: urban workers. B: bourgeois families C: nuns and priests. D: philosophes.
A: urban workers.
In 1800, Austria was ruled by the oldest ruling house in Europe, called the A: Hohenzollerns. B: Hapsburgs. C: Bourbons. D: Romanovs.
B: Hapsburgs.
Which statement best describes the ideal woman according to writer Baldassare Castiglione? A: Her inner goodness transcends her outward beauty. B: Her outward beauty reflects her inner goodness. C: She should be athletic but not muscular. D: She should have knowledge of literature and history.
B: Her outward beauty reflects her inner goodness.
The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of the great artist A: Michelangelo Buonarroti. B: Leonardo da Vinci. C: Piero della Francesca. D: Sandro Botticelli.
B: Leonardo da Vinci.
When the new National Convention met in 1792, what form of government did the radicals create? A: a constitutional monarchy B: a republic C: a dictatorship D: an absolute monarchy
B: a republic
During the English Commonwealth period, the Levellers demanded that A: all Christians should have religious freedom. B: all citizens should have a voice in government. C: the Anglican monarchy should be restored. D: King Charles I should be executed.
B: all citizens should have a voice in government.
When radicals took control of the Legislative Assembly in the fall of 1792, they extended voting rights to A: all citizens. B: all male citizens. C: all male property owners. D: all male and female property owners.
B: all male citizens.
Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they A: wrote fiction. B: challenged the old order. C: supported traditional ideas. D: wrote in salons.
B: challenged the old order.
In order to repress the involvement of the Catholic Church in French government, reformers A: tried to limit freedom of worship. B: created a system of free public elementary schools. C: limited the hours that churches could be open. D: forced Catholics out of high government offices.
B: created a system of free public elementary schools.
Enlightenment writers sometimes tried to avoid censorship by A: writing in Latin. B: disguising their ideas as fiction. C: putting false covers on their books. D: supporting a strict class system.
B: disguising their ideas as fiction.
The Continental System was a form of A: government. B: economic warfare. C: social class system. D: oppression through terror.
B: economic warfare.
In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal A: property rights. B: education. C: voting rights. D: employment opportunities.
B: education.
The British Corn Laws were supported by A: liberals, who believed they encouraged free trade. B: farmers and wealthy landowners, because they kept grain prices high. C: city workers, because they kept the cost of bread low. D: middle-class business leaders, who thought they promoted competition.
B: farmers and wealthy landowners, because they kept grain prices high.
The Constitution created a federal republic, which divided power between A: branches of the state government. B: national and state governments. C: two houses of parliament. D: the government and the people.
B: national and state governments.
During the struggle for Italian unification, the Red Shirts were forces made up of A: anarchists. B: nationalists. C: socialists. D: monarchists.
B: nationalists.
What major theme of the northern Renaissance did Albrecht Dürers engravings portray? A: scenes of peasant life B: religious upheaval C: social art D: realistic portraits of women
B: religious upheaval
The women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to A: reduce the price of bread. B: return to Paris. C: open government jobs to the poor. D: give up the throne.
B: return to Paris.
When the Huguenots left France in the 1680s, their departure A: weakened the army of Louis XIV. B: seriously hurt the French economy. C: destroyed the power base of Henry IV. D: damaged the French bureaucracy.
B: seriously hurt the French economy.
Diderots Encyclopedia was important because it A: compiled classical Greek and Roman works. B: spread Enlightenment ideas. C: was the first publication printed with moveable type. D: was the first publication to include articles by women.
B: spread Enlightenment ideas.
The Battle of Saratoga marked a turning point in the American Revolution because A: it was the first American defeat in the war. B: the American victory convinced France to support the Revolution. C: it caused the British to sign the Treaty of Paris. D: the French fleet helped the Americans triumph.
B: the American victory convinced France to support the Revolution.
One important result of the Estates-General was A: tax reform. B: the National Assembly. C: an agreement to close the Bastille. D: the abolishing of serfdom.
B: the National Assembly.
When the Frankfurt Assembly offered Frederick William IV of Prussia the throne of a united German state in 1848, the ruler refused because A: not all the German states were included. B: the offer came from the people. C: the real power would remain with the individual states. D: the governments of the states had not agreed to the offer.
B: the offer came from the people.
Many scholars agree that between 1450 and 1750 peoples beliefs in both Christianity and magic led to A: a strong allegiance to spiritual leaders. B: the persecution of people as witches. C: the rise of radical religious sects. D: a new spiritualism centered in nature.
B: the persecution of people as witches.
The calculations of astronomer Johannes Kepler showed that A: Earth spins alone at the center of the universe. B: the planets move around the sun in oval orbits. C: the four moons of Venus move slowly around that planet. D: the heavens are in a fixed position in relation to Earth.
B: the planets move around the sun in oval orbits.
Emancipation of the serfs benefited the Russian economy because many former serfs A: rose to become the new merchant class. B: took jobs in factories. C: acquired large country estates. D: helped expand the empire by joining the army.
B: took jobs in factories.
By 1750, Prussia and Austria A: were competing to develop their overseas empires. B: were battling for control of the German states. C: had taken major steps toward constitutional government. D: had agreed to work together against their chief foe, Russia.
B: were battling for control of the German states.
Sir Thomas More was executed because he A: would not stand with Henry VIII against the Protestant revolt. B: would not accept Henry VIII as head of the Church in England. C: protested the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. D: set up a utopian community based on Calvinist beliefs.
B: would not accept Henry VIII as head of the Church in England.
The Dual Monarchy was a combination of A: Austria and Germany. B: Germany and France. C: Austria and Hungary. D: Germany and Hungary.
C: Austria and Hungary.
After the defeat of Napoleon I, the Congress of Vienna created the German Confederation headed by A: Russia. B: Prussia. C: Austria. D: Hungary.
C: Austria.
African Americans were allowed to vote in the United States when A: Congress declared Southern voter eligibility laws illegal. B: Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860. C: Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment. D: Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
C: Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment.
What war brought an end to Frances Second Empire? A: Thirty Years War B: Crimean War C: Franco-Prussian War D: Napoleonic War
C: Franco-Prussian War
Italian unification was complete when Naples and Sicily were turned over to Victor Emmanuel by A: Camillo Cavour. B: Giuseppe Mazzini. C: Giuseppe Garibaldi. D: Otto von Bismarck.
C: Giuseppe Garibaldi.
During the Enlightenment, what argument did government and church officials use to justify their war of censorship? A: A strict class system ensures social justice. B: The old order reflects natural law. C: God set up the old order. D: The old order respects Roman tradition.
C: God set up the old order.
How did Peter the Great gain territory for Russia along the Baltic Sea? A: He seized territory from the Ottomans. B: He signed a treaty with Quing China. C: He won a long war with Sweden. D: He won a long war with Denmark.
C: He won a long war with Sweden.
In the 1800s, what was a major reason why the Irish resented the British in Ireland? A: The British prohibited the organization of Irish labor unions. B: The British would not grant universal female suffrage. C: Irish peasants paid high rents to British absentee landlords. D: Irish peasants had to pay tithes to support the Catholic Church.
C: Irish peasants paid high rents to British absentee landlords.
What contributed to the start of the English Civil War? A: Charles I refused to sign the English Bill of Rights. B: Charles I refused to sign the Petition of Right. C: Parliament executed the chief ministers of Charles I. D: Parliament refused to approve the Act of Supremacy
C: Parliament executed the chief ministers of Charles I.
Which group consisted of dissenters who sought to change Catholic practices in the Church of England? A: Jacobins B: Huguenots C: Puritans D: Cavaliers
C: Puritans
The age of great change marked by renewed interest in classical learning and the arts is called the A: Reformation. B: Middle Ages. C: Renaissance. D: Medieval Enlightenment.
C: Renaissance.
Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the A: Reformation. B: Glorious Revolution. C: Scientific Revolution. D: Renaissance.
C: Scientific Revolution.
Under the rule of Philip II, which of these events helped to increase Spanish power? A: The Muslims were expelled from Spain. B: The Huguenots were expelled from Spain. C: The Ottomans were defeated at Lepanto. D: The Protestants were defeated in the Netherlands
C: The Ottomans were defeated at Lepanto.
Participants in the Tennis Court Oath swore to continue meeting until they were able to bring about A: a reduction in taxes. B: the overthrow of Louis XVI. C: a just constitution. D: the fall of the Bastille.
C: a just constitution.
Through reforms that took place during the late 1800s, Britain transformed itself into A: an oligarchy. B: a constitutional monarchy. C: a parliamentary democracy. D: an aristocracy.
C: a parliamentary democracy.
The Reign of Terror gave way to the Directory phase of the revolution in which the dominant political force was the A: Jacobins. B: Girondins. C: bourgeoisie. D: Council of Virtue.
C: bourgeoisie.
In the 1600s, Robert Boyles work transformed the field of A: medicine. B: astronomy. C: chemistry. D: philosophy.
C: chemistry.
The main goal of the Jesuits was to A: end corruption within the Catholic Church. B: end the growth of Calvinism in England. C: defend, restore, and spread the Catholic faith. D: reform Spanish convents and monasteries.
C: defend, restore, and spread the Catholic faith.
What statement best describes Voltaires novel Candid A: supports a society based on a class system B: advocates the divine right to rule C: exposes corruption and hypocrisy D: emphasizes heavenly reward for earthly suffering
C: exposes corruption and hypocrisy
Anabaptists believed that infants should not be baptized because A: people are sinners from the moment they are born. B: children must confess their sins before being baptized. C: infants are too young to accept the Christian faith. D: God has already determined who will gain salvation.
C: infants are too young to accept the Christian faith.
What type of government was created in England by the Glorious Revolution? A: absolute monarchy B: Republic C: limited monarchy D: democracy
C: limited monarchy
What rules discoverable by reason did Enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the study of human behavior and society? A: natural right B: social contract C: natural law D: divine right
C: natural law
In the Kulturkampf, Bismarcks goal was to A: unify the Germans and Austrians. B: reduce the power of the socialists. C: reduce the power of the Catholic Church. D: increase his power over the monarch.
C: reduce the power of the Catholic Church.
In the 1830s, Prussia created a union called the Zollverein, which promoted German unity by A: establishing German as the official language. B: establishing Frederick William IV as king of a united German state. C: removing tariff barriers between German states. D: banding together to fight Napoleons invading forces.
C: removing tariff barriers between German states.
Because the American colonies were home to diverse religious and ethnic groups, A: the colonists tended to support British taxes. B: the colonists tended to support British royalty. C: social distinctions were more blurred than in Europe. D: the colonists did not feel entitled to the rights of English citizens.
C: social distinctions were more blurred than in Europe.
A major goal of the decision makers at the Congress of Vienna was to A: restore the sans-culottes to power in France. B: divide France among the victors. C: suppress revolutionary uprisings throughout Europe. D: destroy Napoleons forces at Waterloo.
C: suppress revolutionary uprisings throughout Europe.
Tsar Alexander III launched a program of Russification, in which he A: emancipated the serfs. B: introduced legal reforms, such as trial by jury. C: suppressed non-Russian cultures within the empire. D: secured foreign investment to develop Russian industry.
C: suppressed non-Russian cultures within the empire.
Humanist scholars differed from medieval thinkers in that humanists A: rejected the learning of Greece and Rome. B: used Latin as their language for scholarship. C: tended to focus more on worldly subjects. D: tended to focus more on spirituality.
C: tended to focus more on worldly subjects.
American leaders gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise A: the Magna Carta. B: the Bill of Rights. C: the Articles of Confederation. D: the Declaration of Independence.
C: the Articles of Confederation.
During the Reign of Terror, trials and executions were carried out under the authority of A: Louis XVI. B: the National Assembly. C: the Committee of Public Safety. D: Napoleon.
C: the Committee of Public Safety.
Which of the following was a socialist group that had a strong influence on British politics? A: the Communards B: the Progressives C: the Fabian Society D: the Fenian Brotherhood
C: the Fabian Society
Robespierre believed that France could achieve a republic of virtue only through A: extending suffrage to more citizens. B: electing a strong, absolute ruler. C: the use of terror. D: observing strict religious laws.
C: the use of terror.
In the Declaration of Pilnitz, the king of Prussia and emperor of Austria A: declared war on the French revolutionaries. B: declared their support for the French Revolution. C: threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy. D: offered to take in the exiled French royal family.
C: threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy.
What happened after the French helped Italian nationalists defeat Austria in the mid-1800s? A: Italian nationalists formed an alliance with Prussia. B: France invaded the regions of Nice and Savoy. C: Prussian troops invaded Italy to support Austria. D: A united Italy became a rival on Frances border.
D: A united Italy became a rival on Frances border.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was modeled on the A: United States Constitution. B: British Magna Carta. C: United States Bill of Rights. D: American Declaration of Independence.
D: American Declaration of Independence.
Todays Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish can all trace their religious ancestry to the A: Jesuits. B: Church of England. C: Calvinists. D: Anabaptists.
D: Anabaptists.
Which of the following is a true statement about the Dual Monarchy? A: One parliament made laws for both Austria and Hungary. B: Austria and Hungary became one country ruled by the Hungarian monarch. C: Austria and Hungary shared the same constitution. D: Austria and Hungary remained separate states.
D: Austria and Hungary remained separate states.
After overthrowing the Directory in 1799, Napoleon and his followers set up a three-man governing board called the A: Revolutionaries. B: Assembly. C: Convention. D: Consulate.
D: Consulate.
What resulted from the Peace of Augsburg in 1555? A: Martin Luther recanted his 95 Theses. B: The Catholic Church banned the sale of indulgences. C: Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Catholic Church. D: Each German prince could decide the religion for his lands.
D: Each German prince could decide the religion for his lands.
How did Martin Luther react when peasant rebels took up his banner as a means of bringing about social change in Germany? A: He took the side of the peasants against the nobility. B: He urged a compromise between the peasants and nobility. C: He announced he would not take sides in the conflict. D: He denounced the peasants, and the rebellion was suppressed.
D: He denounced the peasants, and the rebellion was suppressed.
How did Frederick William I help to unify Prussia after the death of his father in 1713? A: He claimed the title of Holy Roman emperor. B: He promoted religious tolerance throughout Prussia. C: He signed the treaties known as the Peace of Westphalia. D: He gave the <i>Junkers</i> positions in the army and government.
D: He gave the Junkers positions in the army and government.
What did the Catholic Emancipation Act accomplish in Ireland in 1829? A: Irish Catholics were granted freedom of religion. B: Irish Catholics were granted the right to govern themselves. C: British landlords could no longer charge unfair rents to Irish Catholics. D: Irish Catholics were allowed to vote and hold office.
D: Irish Catholics were allowed to vote and hold office.
What changes did the Catholic Church make during the Catholic Reformation? A: It stopped using the Inquisition to fight Protestantism. B: It revised and updated many traditional Catholic beliefs. C: It restored a version of the Book of Common Prayer. D: It provided penalties for corruption among the clergy.
D: It provided penalties for corruption among the clergy.
What Enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safeguard the natural rights of the people? A: Thomas Hobbes B: Voltaire C: René Descartes D: John Locke
D: John Locke
Which enlightened despot traveled among the peasants in disguise to learn about their problems? A: Catherine the Great B: Maria Theresa C: Frederick the Great D: Joseph II
D: Joseph II
The idea of separation of powers in the Constitution was borrowed from Enlightenment thinker A: Voltaire. B: Locke. C: Rousseau. D: Montesquieu.
D: Montesquieu.
Which of the statements below is true about British social reforms of the mid-1800s? A: The number of capital offenses was increased. B: Parliament shut down British penal colonies. C: British mineowners were forbidden to hire women and children. D: New laws limited women and children to a 10-hour work day.
D: New laws limited women and children to a 10-hour work day.
Under the rule of Catherine the Great, A: taxes increased for wealthy landowners. B: conditions improved for Russian peasants. C: Russia ended its cultural link with the West. D: Russia seized lands in eastern Poland.
D: Russia seized lands in eastern Poland.
When Italy unified, what form of government did it take? A: an absolute monarchy B: a republic C: a socialist democracy D: a constitutional monarchy
D: a constitutional monarchy
What form of government did the National Assembly create with the Constitution of 1791? A: an absolute monarchy B: a republic C: a theocracy D: a limited monarchy
D: a limited monarchy
Bismarcks editing of the Ems dispatch resulted in A: an alliance between France and Prussia. B: an alliance between Sardinia and Prussia. C: a war between Sardinia and Prussia. D: a war between France and Prussia.
D: a war between France and Prussia.
According to Thomas Hobbes, the best form of government is A: a federal republic. B: a democracy. C: a theocracy. D: an absolute monarchy.
D: an absolute monarchy.
Bismarck became the kings highest official when he assumed the title of A: prime minister. B: kaiser. C: president. D: chancellor.
D: chancellor.
The purpose of the Council of Trent was to A: fight Protestantism by rooting out heresy. B: spread the Catholic faith to distant lands. C: translate the Bible into the vernacular. D: direct the reform of the Catholic Church.
D: direct the reform of the Catholic Church
Which of the following was an advantage of the colonists in the American Revolution? A: large money resources for military supplies B: a large number of trained soldiers C: allies among Native Americans and enslaved people D: diverse geography
D: diverse geography
Peter the Great waged war against the Ottoman empire to A: break the Ottoman siege of Vienna. B: gain a warm-water port on the Mediterranean Sea. C: capture the Ottoman port of Constantinople. D: gain a warm-water port on the Black Sea.
D: gain a warm-water port on the Black Sea.
Under the Napoleonic Code, French married women A: were granted only limited voting rights. B: were prohibited from taking jobs outside the home. C: were required to report for military duty. D: had no right to their own earnings.
D: had no right to their own earnings.
Finance minister Jean Baptiste Colbert helped to make France the wealthiest state in Europe by A: ending many years of costly foreign wars. B: requiring French nobles to pay high taxes. C: lowering tariffs on imported goods to increase trade. D: imposing mercantilist policies to bolster the economy.
D: imposing mercantilist policies to bolster the economy.
In Frances old order, which of the following groups were members of the bourgeoisie? A: nobles B: clergy C: peasants D: merchants
D: merchants
Britain passed the Navigation Acts to A: support free trade in the colonies. B: encourage world exploration. C: crack down on smugglers. D: regulate colonial trade and manufacturing.
D: regulate colonial trade and manufacturing.
In the 1700s, British merchants gained enormous wealth by dominating what type of trade with Spanish America? A: tea B: molasses C: cotton D: slaves
D: slaves
Louis XVI was forced to dismiss his financial advisor, Jacques Necker, when Necker proposed A: reimposing manor dues. B: reducing court spending. C: abolishing tariffs on internal trade. D: taxing the First and Second estates.
D: taxing the First and Second estates.
In 1598, the Edict of Nantes helped to ensure A: that France and Spain would not unite. B: that Germans could choose their own religion. C: French Catholics would not be persecuted. D: that French Protestants would not be persecuted.
D: that French Protestants would not be persecuted.
Which issue in the platform of the Populist Party eventually became law in the United States? A: the right of African Americans to vote B: the abolition of alcoholic beverages C: a system of free public education D: the eight-hour workday
D: the eight-hour workday
One result of the October Manifesto was A: the establishment of zemstvos. B: a bloody revolution. C: the rise of the Socialists. D: the establishment of the Duma.
D: the establishment of the Duma.
The Chartist movement in Britain demanded A: free trade that would end quotas and tariffs. B: restricting the power of the House of Lords. C: the abolition of slavery in the colonies. D: the secret ballot.
D: the secret ballot.
One effect of the Thirty Years War was A: the unification of Germany. B: the outlawing of mercenaries. C: the end of the Holy Roman Empire. D: the severe depopulation of Europe.
D: the severe depopulation of Europe.
Louis XIV appointed royal officials from the middle class to his bureaucracy because A: he wanted to hear their ideas about governing France. B: the appointments persuaded them to support the arts. C: they asked to participate in his morning levée ritual. D: they helped to check the power of the nobles and Church.
D: they helped to check the power of the nobles and Church.
One way that Renaissance artists reflected the new ideas of humanism was by painting A: scenes that appeared two-dimensional. B: stylized rather than realistic people. C: large, Gothic-style buildings. D: well-known people of the day.
D: well-known people of the day.
Identify three reforms made by enlightened despots.
Enlightened despots made several reforms during the time of Enlightenment. Three reforms were free press, religious toleration, and programs for the sick and poor. The reform of free press ended writers facing censorship, the reform of religious toleration allowed all religions to be allowed, and the reform of programs for the sick and poor allowed sick and poor people to get healthy again. Those were three reforms made by Enlightened Despots.
At the beginning of the Protestant reformation, Henry VIII supported the Catholic Church against reformers. How did Henry end up taking over the English church?
Henry VIII ended up taking over the entire English Church. When Henry VIII's annulment was rejected he went to Parliament and told them that they were going to leave the Catholic Church and form the English Church. Parliament was able to split England apart from the Catholic Church which formed the English Church. Then Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which said that Henry VIII was the highest person in the English Church. That is how Henry VIII ended up taking over the English C hurch .
Compare the views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke on human nature. How did these views influence their ideas on the proper role of government?
John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were two people that studied human nature. They studied the way people act/behave/interact. John Locke thought that people were born good, moral, and ethical and had three basic rights which were life liberty and property. These ideas influenced his ideas on a proper role government that the government was supposed to protect the people of these rights, his idea of a perfect government was a democracy. Thomas Hobbes on the other hand thought that people are born bad, greedy, and selfish. This influenced his ideas on a proper role in the government that the government was supposed to control the people, his idea of a perfect government was a absolute monarchy. Those are the ideas of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes when it came to studying human nature and how their ideas influenced the proper role of the government.
Why did Louis XIV revoke the Edict of Nantes? What was the effect of this decision?
Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes for several reasons. The first reason was because he was anti-protestant. The Edict of Nantes allowed Protestants to be legal. This led to Huguenots fleeing which I will come back to later. The second reason was that Louis XIV kicked Bishops out of the Parliament so he wouldn't have their voice in his ear. He wanted to have a good relationship with the Church again so he figured that making France a Catholic country he would strengthen that relationship. Now, their was also an effect with that decision. Earlier I said that the Huguenots fled after he revoked the Edict of Nantes. This led to a decline in the economy because Louis XIV was a heavy spender and spent tons of money. So when the Huguenots left they didn't need to pay France anymore which led to a hit in their economy. That's why Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes and the effect it had.
Describe how nationalism affected the Ottoman empire differently than it did the Prussian empire. What do you think accounted for this difference?
Nationalism affected the Ottoman Empire differently then the Prussian Empire. In the Prussian Empire, all the people were German. And they all had one common goal. This was to create a unified Germany. And in the Ottoman Empire, it was made of multi nationalist people. This meant that there were people of many different nations in their Empire. And all these different people wanted their own freedom, rulers, and constitution and to not be ruled by someone else. So what accounted for this difference was that in Prussia everyone was German and all wanted one unified Germany. And in the Ottoman Empire, there were many cultures and they all wanted their freedom and independence. That is how nationalism affected the Ottoman Empire and the Prussian Empire differently and what accounted for that difference.
Recognize Cause and Effect What is nationalism? In what ways did nationalism help Napoleon? In what ways did it work against him?
Nationalism is a sense of pride and patriotism towards someone's country, in this case France under Napoleon. Nationalism helped Napoleon and worked against him as well. It helped Napoleon because people started to feel good about their country which led to them feeling patriotic. This led to them working harder at their jobs as well as fighting for their country in war. But it also worked against Napoleon. It worked against him because when France's people started to become nationalist it spread across Europe and led to certain people thinking their country was better than another's. That is what Nationalism is, how it helped Napoleon, and how it worked against him.
Where did Bismarcks primary loyalty lie? How did this loyalty influence what he hoped to achieve with unification? How did the government he created for the German empire reflect this loyalty?
Otto von Bismarck's primary loyalty was to the Hohenzollerns. This loyalty influenced what he hoped to achieve with unification. This was that when Germany unified the Hohenzollerns would be put in charge. And the government Bismarck created reflected this loyalty. This was because he made a constitutional monarchy and put the Hohenzollerns in charge. In addition, the King was able to appoint members of the Bundesrat house which pretty much had all the power. That is who Bismarck's loyalty was to, how it influenced what he hoped to achieve with unification, and how his loyalty was reflected for the government he created in a unified Germany.
Compare the relationship of Parliament with the Tudors and the Stuarts. Why were the relationships different?
Parliament had somewhat had similar relationships with Tudors and Stuarts but they were also different. The time period in which they ruled was known as the Age of Absolutism which meant that the power was in the hands of an absolute monarch. Tudors and Stuarts both used Parliament to pass laws for them. That was their similar relationship with Parliament. But their relationships were also different. Although they both used Parliament, they had different relationships with them. The Tudors respected, cared, and trusted Parliament to help them pass laws. The Stuarts didn't respect, care, or trust Parliament to pass laws and later even shut it down. That was how the relationship with Parliament was similar and what made the relationships different.
Describe Peter the Greats attempts to westernize Russia. In what ways did he fail? In what ways did he succeed?
Peter the Great wanted to Westernize Russia. This was because they were very far behind other countries when it came to medicine, science, education, and military. So Peter the Great went undercover and lived in Russia to see what they needed most. He then went to countries like France to see how they lived. He brought back the ways they did certain things. He failed because he changed the appearance. Russia is commonly known as a cold country and when he started to have people dress in clothes that weren't warm it would be a failure. But he also succeeded. He was able to make factories which boosted their economy, he got better weapons for the military, and he opened schools and universities for education. That is Peter the Great's attempts to westernize Russia and how they succeeded and failied.
How might the outcome of the American Revolution have been different if France had not participated? Explain.
The American Revolution was a war fought between the powerhouse of Britain and the under-developed 13 Colonies of America. The British were in control of the entire war, and the Colonies were trying to get the French to fight along side with them but they wouldn't because they didn't want to go into war until the Colonies had proved something. Then, the Colonies had a miraculous victory over the British at the Battle of Saratoga, this was when the French were persuaded to join and fight with the Colonies. If they hadn't come to help fight them, then the Colonies would've been extremely vulnerable even after that victory at Saratoga. The French helped provide the Colonies with supplies, troops, and a navy. So without the French involvement in the war it would've been unlikely that the Colonies would've won. That is how the outcome of the American Revolution would've been different without the French's involvement.
How did the Church change the practice of granting indulgences by the late 1400s? Explain how this change contributed to the Protestant Reformation.
The Church changed the practice of granting indulgences by the late 1400s. The Church started to sell indulgences to people. This change contributed to the Protestant Reformation because the Protestants were against indulgences being granted to people in the first place and now they could be sold so people could buy them which altered their time in purgatory even if they were bad people but could afford them. The group of people that were against this change were called Protestants and broke apart from the Church and formed the Protestant Church. That is how the change of the Church's practice on indulgences contributed to the Protestant Reformation.
Make Comparisons Compare and contrast the Jacobins and the sans-culottes. How were they similar? How were they different?
The Jacobins and Sans-Culottes were two groups in French society. They were similar and different. They were similar because they were against the absolute monarchy. Although the Jacobins wanted away with the Monarchy completely and the Sans-Culottes just wanted a limited monarchy they were against the idea of an absolute monarchy. They were different for several reasons. The first is that the Sans-Culottes were lower class people and the Jacobins were more middle class. The next reason is that the Jacobins were represented in the Legislative Assembly and the Sans-Culottes weren't. The final reason is that the Jacobins were more radical in what they wanted compared to the Sans-Culottes. That's how the Jacobins and the Sans-Culottes were similar and different.
Draw Conclusions Do you think that actions of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette contributed to their own downfall? Explain.
The actions of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette did contribute to their own downfall. The first action that led to their downfall was trying to escape Paris to Versailles. They tried sneaking away in common clothes and were caught before they left the city. This led to them being taken away put on trial then executed. Now, before this there was another example that led to their own downfall. This is that they could've just listened to the people of Paris and given them a little of something that they wanted so they could be happy, instead they decided not to and then tried to escape. That is how the actions of Marie Antionette and Louis XVI led to their own downfall.
The period in Western Europe that began in the 1300s and peaked around 1500 is called the Renaissance. What does the word renaissance mean? Do you think this name accurately describes this period in history? Explain why or why not.
The period of time in Western Europe that began in Italy in the 1300s and peaked around 1500 is called the Renaissance. The word Renaissance means a rebirth of society in which they were trying to get back to Greek and Roman times. I think this name accurately describes this time period. I think it accurately describes this time period because during the Renaissance many new ideas were being accepted to that they could get back to the Greek and Roman times. An example such as humanism was a new idea accepted during the Renaissance. Humanism was an intellectual idea that focused on Worldly affairs rather than Religion. This is an example of an idea that was accepted during the Renaissance so they could get back to the time period of peace and harmony.
Physiocrats supported a government policy of A: laissez faire. B: tariffs. C: mercantilism. D: trade regulation.
A: laissez faire.
The Long Parliament met when Charles I requested funds to A: suppress a Catholic rebellion. B: suppress a Scottish rebellion. C: run the Commonwealth. D: build up his New Model Army.
B: suppress a Scottish rebellion.
Which of the following was one result of the English Bill of Rights of 1689? A: The two-party system of government was established. B: The prime minister became the chief government official. C: The monarch could not interfere in parliamentary debates. D: All dissenters were granted limited religious freedom.
C: The monarch could not interfere in parliamentary debates.
In 1789, the delegates to the Estates-General that broke away and declared themselves to be the National Assembly were from the A: First Estate. B: Second Estate. C: Third Estate. D: Fourth Estate.
C: Third Estate.
Economist Adam Smith argued that, in a free market, business activity would be regulated by the forces of A: wages and prices. B: saving and investment. C: supply and demand. D: manufacturing and trade.
C: supply and demand.