World History II "American and French Revolution Test"

Name 5 factors of revolution

Provocation, solidified public opinion, programs of reform, leadership, weakness of conservative groups

How can we see "Solidified public opinion" take part as a factor of revolution today?

Social media

List the effect of the French Revolution on North America

free of french influence around them, louisiana purchase

How does "Provocation" take part as a factor of revolution?

specific provocation and general dissatisfaction -> first spark of the match

September 1793 - July 1794

Reign of Terror

Differences of French Revolution and American Revolution

- The French Revolution: began with violence, revolted, wanted to destroy monarchy, brutal executions of aristocrats and the King and Queen. - The American Revolution: did not want blood shed, fairly civilized war, organized battles, separation from monarchy, wanted to just keep their freedom

What were some of the effects of the American Revolution?

- The French taking inspiration. - 70,000 dead from disease -> Washington decides to inoculate his troops -> saving many lives by the vaccine for smallpox

Name 4 catalysts for the American Revolution.

- britain suffers financially from extended struggle with france - sees colonies as ideal area to recoup losses - acts like genuine imperial power-taxes and tariffs w/o representation from colonists - colonists are surprised and furious, decades of autonomy to treatment like an actual colony

What were some social changes from the American Revolution?

- establishing the world's oldest written constitution - nationalism -> building a country around the identification w/ one's own nation and support for its interests - became a model for revolution -> haiti revolting against france (not exactly) - no royalty, aristocracy, or national church, BUT british legal system remains

Why were the colonists happy with the status quo?

- protection in war - access to british markets - identity as "englishmen" - relative autonomy

List some causes of the French Revolution

- social inequality - economic inequality - depression, unemployment - soaring food costs - mismanagement by louis XVI and resistant aristocracy

Three main causes of the French Revolution

1. social, economic inequality 2. depression, unemployment, soaring food costs 3. mismanagement by Louis XVI and resistant aristocracy

Active Citizenship

4.3 million out of 26 million citizens = french, men, 25 yo, property owners

August 1789

August Decrees

Similarities of French Revolution and American Revolution

Both: Escaped the monarchy, started due to unfair taxes, Americans and the 3rd estate were not represented well in Parliament

What was Pre-American Revolution America like?

Class distinctions were very visible, and weathly families ran government

July 11, 1789

Declaration is published

At what meeting were delegates from each estate summoned to consider the growing financial crisis in France?

Estates General Assembly

Fully describe the fate of King Louis XVI after the National Convention. What was he charged with and what was his punishment?

Louis XVI was found guilty of treason and condemned to death. He was guillotined on January 21, 1793

Why didn't the church much power in America?

Most people came to get new economic opportunities and flee restrictive religious standards -> religious beliefs were very different

After his final defeat, Napoleon was sentenced to house arrest on what island in the South Atlantic?

Saint Helena

July 14, 1789

Storming of the Bastille

What was the term given for the executive council of five men called directors, who ruled over a two-house legislature?

The Directory

What ended the American Revolution?

Treaty of Paris 1783

coup d' etat.

a sudden, violent, and unlawful seizure of power from a government

What was the August Decrees?

abolition of feudalism, abolition of the aristocracy, opening political and military office to all citizens, freedom of religion, confiscated all church property, removing the tithe.

How does "Solidified public opinion" take part as a factor of revolution?

awareness that other people are also being treated bad - courage in numbers

First Estate (Clergy, .1%)

church (does not have control over nobility), paid almost no tax, separate law code

How does "Programs of reform" take part as a factor of revolution?

clearly stating goal of change -> laying down the foundations and blueprint before starting

How does "weakness of conservative groups" take part as a factor of revolution?

conservative groups are usually people who want to resist the change, usually people in power. there may be nobles that aren't as anti-resistant -> cracks in the ideology -> room for revolts

What is the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen?

drafted by marquis de Lafayette, advised by jefferson (similar to the Declaration of Independence), emphasized natural rights.

How did passive citizenship influence the French Revolution?

due to them not having the right to have say in government, became those who actively fought in the revolution, will cause tension

List the effect of the French Revolution on Europe

fear of similar scenario, new power in europe, rise in nationalism

What is "de facto" and "de jure"?

in fact, by law

List the effect of the French Revolution on Haiti

inspiration for revolution, weakness at home means haitian opportunity for success

Who were the Directory?

it was created in reaction to the puritanical dictatorship that had existed under the Reign of Terror, was overthrown by Napoleon

What happened in the Estates General Assembly?

not equal representations (1st and 2nd estate outnumbered 3rd estate), 3rd estate was kicked out, May 1789

Third Estate (Majority of France, 98%)

paid most of the taxes, very little say in government

Second Estate (Nobility, 1.9%)

paid very little tax, separate law code, also made up of the clergy sometimes

How does "leadership" take part as a factor of revolution?

people to lead the change; upperclass has resources, education, connections, military experience

What caused Napoleon's death at age 52?

stomach cancer and calomel poisoning, 1851

French Financial Crisis

taxes on the nobility and clergy was denied -> caused by deficit spending (by King Louis), taxes went up; riots demanding food.

What is the Reign of Terror?

the 10 month period during the French Revolution in which some 17,000 people were executed, Robespierre

How did the bourgeoisie influence the French Revolution?

they were angry that they were often excluded from social and political privileges even though they had similar/more power than some of the nobility. this anger lead them to revolt.

Bourgeoisie (18%)

upper middle class: doctors, lawyers, has more power. educated, live in nice houses, BUT still pay the same taxes

Tennis Court Oath

vow by members of the 3rd estate not to disband until a constitution was written, June 1789

What was the "Third Estate of the Third Estate?"

women of the french revolution, marched on the palace of versailles <- grain/bread shortage -> anger at lavish lifestyle of the nobles/monarch + forced the king and queen to make changes

Passive Citizenship

women, children, servants, slaves, foreigners, rights w/o political power or participation