World History, Semester 2, Final Exam
Successive forms of exploitative production and rebellions against them
According to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, history consisted of
False
As Africa became increasingly caught up in global economic exchanges during this period, African culture was heavily influenced by European culture.
False
Both the Tokugawa Shogunate and Mughal leaders allowed merchants a great degree of autonomy in conducting foreign trade
True
Colonial silver mines relied on an extensive network of covered Amerindian labor.
True
Cortes' conquest of Mexico would have been infeasible without the help of Dona Marina and other Mexican allies.
India became an importer of British goods such as cotton textiles and an exported of raw materials.
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, how did India's traditional trade patterns change?
Death caused by inadequate rations, harsh labor, and mistreatment by enslavers
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, why did enslaved Africans who were brought to the Caribbean work for only an average of three years?
The European presence enhanced Asian rulers' wealth and might.
During the sixteenth century, what impact did the European presence in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea have on Asian dynasties?
False
Following the Council of Trent, the Cistercians sent missionaries to the Americas, India, Japan, and China
Pizarro invited Atahualpa to a meeting, and then unleashed hidden men with guns and horses.
How did Pizarro manage to defeat Atahualpa?
as healers, consorts, and power brokers in the Forbidden City
In Ming China, where did women find the greatest opportunities to obtain wealth and influence?
Rulers hesitated to appeal to the public for support
In the Ottoman Empire, why did reform attempts, such as the Tanzimat, ultimately fail to produce revolutionary change?
False
In the sixteenth century, the world's most dynamic cultures were in Europe because of their control of the Atlantic trade
Landowners wanted divine-right monarchy
Large Russian landowners failed to support the Decembrists for which of the following reasons?
True
Montesquieu believed that commerce was a cure for the most destructive forms of prejudice.
False
Napoleon's invasions repressed attempts to reform society in both Russia and the Ottoman world.
True
The Thirty Years' War saw the emergence of centralized standing armies, a meritocratic professional officer corps, and the standardized use of gunpowder, canons, and muskets
True
The experience of conquering the Aztec Empire taught the Spanish that effective conquest had to be accomplished quickly, completely destroyed indigenous symbols of legitimate authority
Establishing new religiously based governments in lands already under Muslim control
The leaders of eighteenth and nineteenth-century Islamic movements sought to reestablish the glory of Islam through which practice?
His religious and scholarly credibility
What aspect of his reputation did Abd al-Qadir rely on while organizing resistance to the French in Algeria?
A victory by the proletariat that would result in the destruction of capitalism, the end of private property, and the eventual withering away of the state
What did Marx and Engels believe would be the outcome of the conflict between the bourgeoise and the proletariat?
Aztec and Incan practices that demanded labor from conquered villages.
What did the Spanish use as a model for obtaining Amerindian labor for colonial mines?
When a government becomes tyrannical, people have the right to rebel.
Which of the following statements is supported by John Locke's notion of "the social contract"?
Conflicts over overseas colonies and trade routes replaced earlier regional religious and territorial struggles
Why did European wars expand into global confrontations?
To levy new taxes in order to improve his credit
Why did King Louis XVI summon the Estates-General into session in 1788?
Larger states were better equipped to compete for limited land and resources
Why did small-scale settlements in Southern Africa give way to larger states during the early nineteenth century?
Europeans' increased demand for Indian textiles
Aside from land rents, what was a major source of revenue for the Mughal emperors?
the life of Muhammad and early Islamic practices
Both Usman dan Fodio and Muhammad Ibn abd al-Wahhabism drew on which of the following inspirations for Islamic reform?
They showed their link to wealth and power by displayed gold-covered spears, maces, and elephant tails
How did Asante kinds use the wealth they acquired from trade?
They established a stock exchange, a banking system, and a system for insuring cargoes.
How did Dutch merchants contribute to the development of European commerce?
In Asia, European merchants were less dominant and therefore served as intermediaries in long-distance trade.
How did European seaborne commerce in Asia compare with its commerce in the Americas?
In terms of a common language, culture, and history
How did nationalist thinkers define "the nation"?
Actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy, were idolized
How did popular culture in Tokugawa Japan subvert its social order?
It encouraged people to overturn social hierarchies an strop deferring to those who claimed higher rank
How did the idea that "all men are created equal" effect revolutionary American society?
The Qing peasants were encouraged by the government to migrate westward to secure the frontiers whereas British agrarian labor moved to the cities in search of factory jobs
How did the migration of Qing peasants differ from the migration of workers in Britain?
The British withdrew their support from south of the Great Lakes, leaving the Shawnee at the mercy of land-hungry American settlers
How did the outcome of the War of 1812 hasten the ethnic cleansing of Native Americans east of the Mississippi?
Chinese literature, legal though, and religion had a significant influence on Tokugawa Japan
How was Tokugawa Japan influenced by China?
Earlier, foreign ideas rarely traveled beyond coastal regions, but by the eighteenth century, expanded networks of exchange facilitated their spread throughout the country
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what led the Japanese to consider how to control and integrate foreign learning (especially from China and Europe)?
It required European traders to have Chinese merchants act as guarantors for their good behavior and payment of fees
In what way did the Canton system seek to control trade?
Both the Mayans and the Chinese formed alternative religions that combined Christian beliefs, symbols, and rituals with traditional beliefs and legends
In what way did the Mayans who followed Jose Maria Barrera resemble the Chinese who followed Hong in the Taiping Rebellion?
Akbar encouraged discussion between members of different religions, while Europeans fought for forty years to force religions conformity
In what way was the rule of the Mughals under Akbar different from that of contemporary European monarchs?
Popular sovereignty
On what idea could disparate groups of radicals agree?
A nation is a people sharing a common culture, language, and history
On which of the following premises does the concept of popular sovereignty depend?
True
Saints of the Bhakti sect questioned traditional Hindu beliefs about fundamental equality and the role of women
Disposed native peoples from their lands in order to accommodate a growing English settler population
The English colonial model in the New World differed from that of the other European states in that it
False
The Muslim empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals firmly rejected the introduction of European culture and technology during this period
True
The Ottoman Empire was more ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse than any previous Muslim state
False
The first anti-colonial uprisings in Spanish America were motivated by the example of the French Revolution
The bourgeoise
The wealth generated by the expansion of trade in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth ce ties led to the emergence of which of the following social groups?
Piri Reis
The work of which admiral and cartographer provided the foundation for important Ottoman gains in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean?
They shared a desire for independent nations and to overthrow the existing elites
What did the groups that led the 1848 revolutions in Europe have in common?
Slavery increased within Africa to provide labor for commercial crops such as palm oil and peanuts
What effect did the end of the Atlantic slave trade have in Africa?
Loss of faith in the Spanish king's ability to rule effectively
What factor contributed most to Mexico's Declaration of Independence in 1821?
They wanted to improve their societies and search for universal, objective knowledge
What ideas did European Enlightenment thinkers hold in common?
The steam engine
What invention transformed sugar refining, pottery making, and textile making?
Little mineral wealth was found in the English, French, or Dutch colonies
What led European countries other than Spain and Portugal to turn to cultivation in order to extract wealth from their American colonies?
physical characteristics, such as skin color, and social qualities
What types of characteristics did Linnaeus use to define racial categories?
to exploit Asian commercial networks and trading systems
What was Portugal's primary goal in the Indian Ocean trade?
Buddhism was branded a foreign contaminant of Japanese culture
What was a consequence of the "native learning" movement promoted by some Japanese intellectuals?
Great Britain emerged as the world's strongest colonial power, making it harder for indigenous people to pit European powers against one another
What was a global effect of the Seven Years' War?
Both were able to limit European traders to port cities
What was a similar amity between the Ming and the Mughal dynasties in the sixteenth century?
The decision left the Ottoman economy not completely autonomous, yet not completed tied to the rise and fall of the global silver.
What was an effect of early Ottoman rulers' decision to avoid trade with the outside world?
The crown received special taxes on the extraction of precious metals from the encomenderos.
What was the benefit to the Spanish crown of an encomienda?
They wanted to prevent the spread of wealth to states other than their own.
What was the major reason why European states wanted to prevent their New World colonies from trading with other states?
The Little Ice Age brought famine and peasant revolts, leading to the economic transition from mining to agriculture, as well as a victory by Great Britain in the Seven Years' War that gave it predominant world trade power.
What were the effects of the Little Ice Age?
The Constitution
Which document resulted from elite Americans' fear that their revolution was becoming too radical and threatened to plunge the nation into anarchy?
That Shawnee men rather than women take over farming
Which drastic change to Shawnee culture did European reformers initiate?
The ulama
Which group in the Ottoman Empire closed off the studies into European science, history, and geography begun by Ibrahim Muteferrika?
Both were instigated in part by complaints of excessive taxation
Which of the following accurately characterizes both the American and French Revolutions?
Both criticized the hypocrisy of French claims to Egyptians and Haitians
Which of the following accurately describes the reactions of Abd al-Rahman and al-Jabarti and the Haitian Declaration of Independence to French "proclamations"?
He deepened irrigation canals and constructed a series of dams across the Nile
Which of the following actions was undertaken by Muhammad Ali to attempt to create the most powerful state in the eastern Mediterranean?
The belief that the source of religious knowledge lay in the Scriptures
Which of the following beliefs was shared by Luther and Calvin?
British imperalists' desire to understand their subject populations
Which of the following best explains the rise of Orientalist scholarship?
The Portuguese mounted small cannons on their vessels to bombard ports an rival ships
Which of the following best explains why the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean sea-lanes in the early sixteenth century?
The Portuguese used Macau as an entry into the lucrative import—export trade with China.
Which of the following characterized the Portuguese presence in sixteenth-century Macau?
a transatlantic telegraph cable
Which of the following contributed to cutting both the time and cost for sending news from London to New York?
The British East India Company created a monopoly on opium growing on lands it controlled in India
Which of the following describes a British strategy to get the Qing to accept reciprocal trade goods instead of silver for tea and other Chinese exports?
Kidnapping became so prevalent that cultivators worked their fields bearing weapons, leaving their children behind in guarded stockades.
Which of the following describes events in the Kongo kingdom in the seventeenth century?
European elites
Which of the following groups benefitted most from the wealth generated by the Atlantic system?
New institutions such as stock markets and lending houses
Which of the following helped spur global commerce in the seventeenth century?
Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their regimes through magnificent architecture and art.
Which of the following is a similarity between the ways that the rulers of Muslim and Chinese Empires used the new wealth circulating in global trade?
The leaders of the American Revolution were primarily owners of property whereas the leaders of Saint-Domingue were primarily slaves
Which of the following is a valid comparison between the American and Saint-Domingue Revolutions?
The act stipulated that only English ships could carry goods between the mother country and its colonies.
Which of the following is a way that the English Navigation Act of 1651 promoted the economic policy of mercantilism?
Cotton clothing
Which of the following is an example of a product that non-elite people could afford because of industrialization?
He expanded the secret police enforced censorship
Which of the following methods was used by Tsar Nicholas I to maintain absolute rule in Russia?
The cost of printing declined as cylinders and steam power replaced hand-operated flat-bed presses
Which of the following most directly led to the spread of seditious ideas through booklets such as Common Sense?
English monarchs were legally required to obtain the consent of Parliament in order to raise funds.
Which of the following prevented English monarchs, such as Queen Elizabeth I, from establishing an absolutist regime?
China's internal markers fueled its growth and culture, instead of the foreign trade that provided wealth to the Islamic Empires.
Which of the following reflects a difference between China and the Islamic Empires?
The influx of silver from the Americas created inflation, which undermined their economic autonomy
Which of the following undermined the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires?
Europe was divided between those who wanted to restore the status quo and those who wanted to create a society based on individual rights and limited government
Which of the following was a consequence of Napoleon's failed attempt to create a French constitutional empire?
Central Europe's populations and economies did not recover for more than a century
Which of the following was a consequence of the Thirty Years' War?
Building better clocks and navigational devices such as the chronometer
Which of the following was a practical application of the new astronomy?
Landowners began to plant new crops to sell in distant, instead of domestic, markets.
Which of the following was an effect of the enclosure of common lands in the English countryside during the seventeenth century?
The status of women declined as societies transitioned to hunting from horticulture.
Which of the following was an effect of the nomadic horse culture adopted by the Plains Indians?
The conquest enabled Ottoman leaders to treat their Sunni state as the preeminent Muslim empire.
Which of the following was an important effect of the Ottoman conquest of Syria and Egypt?
Kinship and clan networks
Which of the following was essential to the Aztec state's legitimacy?
The trajectory of falling bodies on earth and planetary motion
Which of the following was explained by Newton's Principia Mathematica?
He declared himself shogun and established a hereditary system of succession
Which of the following was used by Tokugawa leyasu to secure relative peace, which lasted for two centuries after his death?
Silver was used to pay taxes and as money in internal markets.
Why was China's demand for silver so high during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
Most of the slaves were men, who suffered high mortality rates due to overwork and poor conditions
Why was it necessary to continue to import large numbers of African slaves to replenish labor on sugar plantations?
