World Music Final Review

Modern Chinese Orchestra

"Dance of the Golden Snake" by Nie Er was written for an ensemble called _________.

c. All of the above

"Tanko Bushi" is a well-known bon-odori tune originating from the Chikuhō region in northern Kyūshū. Which of the following accurately describes the material conditions under which the song was sung? a. Coal mining was the driving force behind the industrial capitalist economy that propelled Japan's modernization process. b. Labor was divided along gender lines: the coal diggers were primarily male whilst women accompanied men to carry out the coal or sift good from bad coal. c. All of the above. d. During the war, half of the area's labor came from non-Japanese forced laborers (from China, Korea, US, Britain, Australia, and Canada)

colotomic structure

A core concept for Javanese gamelan coined by Dutch ethnomusicologist Jaap Kunst, ______ denotes when musical instruments mark off recurring points of time in relation to one another.

Urumi melam is

A genre of drum music performed at Hindu festivals in Malaysia and Singapore.

Learning Hindustani music

A guru-shishya relationship is the basis of:

Actor-dancers and flag bearers

A procession of a pungmul group contains _______.

Membranophones, Aerophones, Chordophones

According to Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs, the following are considered categories of instruments:

griot

According to the proverb, "History will glorify the hunter until the lion has his own ____." The ___ is an oral historian and memory keeper who in many African cultures is also a musician.

flexibility and modification by the individual performer

An important characteristic of traditional Korean music is

membranophone

As a type of frame drum, the kompang is a _______.

isolationist policy

Before American military vessels intimidated the Edo government into opening its borders, the "island country" of Japan subscribed to an _________ from 1639 to 1854 CE.

North Africa

Berbers (or Amazigh, meaning "free people") are the indigenous inhabitants of _____________.

removing the mouthpiece and breathing heavily (without pitch) into the instrument

Berlin-based Lebanese graphic artist and musical improviser Mazen Kerbaj reconfigures the trumpet through extended techniques. Which of the following is a non-standard way of playing the trumpet?

The Bauls are a

Community of itinerant musicians in West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh

A Beat Cycle

Define the idea of tala:

canonization

German-born composer Ludwig van Beethoven is framed as a timeless and universal composer due to the process of ________, in which people or works are deemed to be of greater value than others and thus necessary to know.

Miriam Makeba

In 1965, South African vocalist ______ was the first African recording artist to win a Grammy Award. This artist used their fame to speak against the apartheid regime.

d. All of the above

In 1983, Thomas Sankara, "Father of Burkina Faso," took control over Upper Volta Region in a coup and instituted which of the following changes? a. He refused foreign aid and reversed the path of odious debt imposed by colonialism. b. He supported women's rights by outlawing forced marriage and supporting women's education. c. He improved social welfare by building new schools and public health programs. d. All of the above.

Anjelique Kidjo

In 2016, Beninese singer _______released a remake of Remain in Light, originally released by Talking Heads in 1980. She emphasizes the songs' Africanness with iconic instruments, harmonies, and rhythms.

haiyang

In Puyuma singing,_______ , or descending vocable phrases, are frequently used to close a song.

gong ageng

In a Javanese gamelan orchestra, the _______ is a large hanging gong, and is the most important instrument.

C. All of the above

In what way is "Shaoshan," a piece composed by Liu Baozhong during the Cultural Revolution, indicative of the music promoted by the Communist Party of China in the 1960s and 1970s? a. The title refers to the birthplace of Mao Zedong b. Musicians and artists composed and recorded the piece under a rapid pace of production. c. All of the above d. The piece concludes with a period standard, "The East is Red"

Hong Kong

In which of the following political entities is Cantonese the most widely spoken language?

Gushe

Melodies that form the basis for vocal or instrumental improvisations in Persian dastgah.

Ooga Booga Africa

Ndaliko identifies three main categories under in which "Africa" has been interpreted by Western musicians. Of these three, the trope of ____ reached its heyday in the 1930s, in which film composers reduced "Africa" to a racist caricature of chaotic, vicious, and simplistic noise and depicted Africans as either menacing drum-beaters or unpleasant vocalists who could not sing in tune.

Okinawa and Ryukyu

Place the following terms in the correct order. A longtime trading post between East and Southeast Asia, ________was known as the independent _______ Kingdom before the Japanese government annexed the islands in 1879. Today it is the southernmost prefecture of Japan.

Nigerian, Fela Kuti, Afrobeat

Place the following terms in the correct order. ______musician, composer, and political activist ____ was the pioneer of a genre called ____, which combines highlife and jùjú music with funk and jazz.

China

Sanshin, a three-stringed long-necked lute, is Okinawa's quintessential musical instrument. While it is popular across Japan today, it initially was brought from _______.

Kandyan Dance is the national music and dance genre of

Sri Lanka

ud, nay, kamanja, and tar

Takht ensembles contain:

e. All of the above

The Ainu faced discrimination under the Japanese government via: a. Forced assimilation and self-censorship b. None of the above c. Confiscation and nationalization of land resources d. Designation as "former Aborigines" e. All of the above

Gospel

The Blind Boys of Alabama are known for what style of singing?

Japanese

The Malay world was first colonized by Portuguese, Dutch, and British forces. During the Second World War, _______ forces occupied Southeast Asia.

mukkuri

The _______ is an Ainu mouth haro that generates buzzing sounds with shifting overtones.

symphony orchestra

The _______ is an elite ensemble composed of string, woodwind, brass, and percussion sections and coordinated by a conductor. This ensemble is the industry standard for classical music.

A group of sounds: as behavior that leads to these sounds, and as a group of ideas or concepts that govern the sound and the behavior.

The author of Excursions in World Music, Bruno Nettl, defines music as:

What is important to people as reflected in the ways that they use and configure their various musics.

The authors of this book stress that ethnomusicology is about:

janggo

The large hourglass shaped lead drum is called a ______.

Joseph Shabalala

The leader of the group Ladysmith Black Mambazo's name is:

Social situations

This factor has a strong influence on the practices of interactions between musicians and audiences and can also have direct consequence for the way music sounds:

True

True or False? "Noise" (or "Japanoise") denotes a process of cultural feedback, an acoustic phenomenon that exceeds the original input and spins out of control.

True

True or False? A raga is a scale.

False

True or False? Arabesk was created as part of Turkish nationalist reforms of the 1930s.

True

True or False? Baila Kaffirinha is influenced by Portuguese colonial music.

True

True or False? Baul songs are learned orally and often improvised, but some older Baul songs survive and are still known today.

False

True or False? During the Chinese Cultural Revolution, Mao Zedong banned all Western European musical elements from Chinese cultural production because they were imperialist and counter-revolutionary.

False

True or False? Every month of the year, on the grounds of the Munmyo shrine in Seoul, a ceremony is performed in which highly formalized court dances are performed and sacrificial gifts are presented to the great Chinese Confucians.

False

True or False? Famous British-born rap star MIA grew up in Pakistan.

True

True or False? In each case during the Arab Spring, local musicians captured the spirit of protest and helped mobilize demonstrators.

False

True or False? Johann Gottfried Herder, a twentieth century Hungarian philosopher, promoted the idea that a folk song represents a particular ethnic group, regional population, or religious community.

True

True or False? Much of the music in the Middle East and North Africa is structured around melodic and rhythmic modes.

True

True or False? Music for the deceased Korean royalty is less prestigious than music that honors the Chinese Confucians.

True

True or False? Music is affected by and also affects the ever-shifting terrain we think of as culture.

False

True or False? Ongaku, the Japanese term for "music" used today, has held stable meaning since it was first used in the eighth century CE.

True

True or False? Qawwali is a Sufi Muslim music that exists throughout North India and Pakistan.

True

True or False? Raga are often associated with a specific time of day or season in which they are meant to be performed.

True

True or False? The Ladysmith Black Mambazo group and The Blind Boys of Alabama have similarities that include social inequality, long term musical practices, and shared social and political histories, including collaboration with other known artists.

False

True or False? The Ladysmith Black Mambazo group sings accompanied with instruments, while The Blind Boys of Alabama sing acapella.

False

True or False? The Middle East is a universally recognized and easily defined geographical location.

True

True or False? The style of singing from Ladysmith Black Mambazo is typically called isicathamiya.

True

True or False?Africa is not poor; rather, Africa has been and continues to be actively impoverished by Europe and the West.

False

True or False?Bilāl was one of the most trusted and loyal followers of Judaism, and is remembered in the Torah.

True

True or False?Changga are songs typically based on popular Western folk songs and Christian hymns.

True

True or False?Chiang Kai Shek, who was former Kuomintang leader and later president of the Republic of China (Taiwan) between 1950 and 1975, leaves a contested legacy in Taiwanese history.

True

True or False?Denoting "Malay world," alam Melayu encompasses multiple sovereign nations.

False

True or False?Europe is relatively easy to define—its meaning is containable within the boundaries of the "European Union."

False

True or False?Genres of music that are globally popular today developed in isolation from African musics.

False

True or False?In North Korea, the program of cultural transformation involved an aggressive de-Westernization of musical culture under the influence of China, as Western music was thought to be less 'scientific' and rational.

False

True or False?In modern Japan, gagaku, known as courtly or royal music, is not distinguished from vulgar or profane music.

False

True or False?In the ecstatic tradition of Korean shamanism, a majority of the shamans are male.

True

True or False?In their synagogues in North Africa, Jews are credited with preserving the ancient melodies of Arab-Andalusian music that they brought with them to North Africa after the Christian reconquista.

True

True or False?Jo-ha-kyū is a musico-aesthetic principle that governs the structure of an individual gagaku piece or suite. According to this trifold structure, a slow beginning is followed by a long central section with a more steady pulse. Thereafter, the piece or suite culminates in a short, faster conclusion.

False

True or False?Mainland Southeast Asia includes Myanmar/Burma, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos.

True

True or False?Tarab is mainly associated with urban music of cities such as Cairo, Damascus, Aleppo, Jerusalem, and Beirut.

True

True or False?The Central Javanese gamelan style features two sets of instruments tuned to two tuning systems: pelog, a seven-note scale of unevenly spaced pitches, and slendro, a five-tone scale of evenly spaced pitches.

False

True or False?The Western concept of "music" translates cleanly onto the traditions in the Middle East.

False

True or False?The borderline drawn between Southeast Asia and Asia through the middle of the Bay of Bengal is unproblematic, as populations seldom traded and migrated across the region.

True

True or False?The question of what counts and what does not count as "African music" is riddled with problems and is a source of debate amongst scholars, musicians, and producers.

True

True or False?The well-known song "Arirang" tells the story of Korea's fitful modernity.

False

True or False?Throughout the African continent, women play powerful roles in many domains of life except music.

True

True or False?Travelling troupes called namsadang, like the wandering pansori performers, were an important means by which news and also cultural exchange took place around the Korean peninsula in the 19th century.

False

True or False?Western European art music was completely new to 1960s and 1970s China, the period of the Chinese Cultural Revolution.

True

True or False?While roughly seventy-five percent of people living in Taiwan between 1949 and 1987 were Hoklo or Hokkien settlers, actual political power was exercised by the Waishengren ("outer-province people") who comprised only ten percent of the population.

Cassette tapes

Upon gaining control in Kabul in 1996, the Taliban issued an infamous decree stating that those with _______ would be imprisoned.

Recognition of Berber language and culture in Morocco and Algeria

What did the Berber rights movement fight for?

e. All of the above

Which of the following are responsibilities of the dhalang in wayang kulit? a. Sings "mood songs" (pathetan) b. Plays cymbals with feet c. Voices characters d. Cues gamelan e. All of the above

A generic term for Malay songs harmonized by European instruments.

Which of the following best defines "Orkès Melayu"?

Enka

Which of the following can be heard in chindon-ya, a type of distinctly Japanese street advertisement band that originated in the late 1800s?

e. All of the above

Which of the following is a common trope that distorts Western constructions of "Africa"? a. Africa is populated by primitive people lost in time b. Africa needs the help and governance of brave and compassionate foreigners. c. Africa is a vast expanse of unclaimed land. d. Africans exert influence over their surroundings through violence and war. e. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is a stereotype of African music that perpetuates scientific racism? a. African music is predominantly rhythmic b. African music lacks harmonic or melodic sophistication c. Africans are innately musical d. All of the above

Performances are characterized by a shimmering quality (ombak) associated with slightly different tunings of various pairs of instruments

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Balinese gamelan gong kebyar style?

d. None of the above

Which of the following is not a drum used in Malay music? a. Gendang b. Gambus c. Hadrah d. None of the above

All lion dance troupes are strictly professional groups with members who make a living performing at events

Which of the following is not an accurate depiction of wushi (lion dance)?

Musicians follow scores, as the repertoire is primarily written down and not memorized.

Which of the following is not an accurate description of Jiangnan Sizhu?

Household-level honoring of ancestors around a Bhuddist altar

Which of the following is not part of bon-odori performances today?

It sounds ordinary to students on a US college campus due to the British imperialist history that underlies its normalization.

Why does Bohlman problematize the Westminster Quarters?

Indigenous peoples of Taiwan

Yuanzhumin refers to

Minyo

a free-rhythm folk song

Erhu

a. Incorporated into Han Chinese music from Northern Xi peoples b. A snakeskin covered resonator c. A two-stringed bowed lute d. All of the above

Pansori

is a musical and epic story-telling song style performed by a singer and an accompanist.