World War 1
What did the Schlieffen Plan call for in 1914?
A lightning attack through neutral Belgium and a quick defeat of France before turning on Russia
What was the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916?
A secret agreement by Britain and France to divide up former Ottoman territories
What was the significance of the Second Battle of the Marne in 1918?
American soldiers helped beat back a last-ditch German attack on France.
After the split of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1903, Vladimir Lenin's camp was known by what name?
Bolsheviks
Which nations joined the war on the side of the Central Powers?
Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
How did Bismarck maintain German leadership in international affairs before 1890?
By allying Germany with Austria-Hungary and Russia to isolate France
How did governments during World War I intrude even further into people's daily lives than they had in the nineteenth century?
By setting production goals and limiting wages and prices, thus controlling the economy
In which 1915 battle did the British unsuccessfully try to take the Dardanelles and Constantinople from the Ottoman Turks?
Gallipoli
What did the "war guilt clause" in the Treaty of Versailles declare?
Germany (with Austria) was solely responsible for the war and had to pay reparations.
Which statement best reflects how governments took care of disabled veterans and survivor families after World War I?
Governments tried, but there was never enough money to fund pensions and job training.
How did German chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg miscalculate the widening of the war in 1914?
He hoped that Great Britain would remain neutral.
What was French premier Georges Clemenceau's opinion at the Paris Peace Conference?
He wanted to create a buffer state between Germany and France.
What happened to Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I?
It was broken up into independent states.
Why did Italy, after declaring neutrality in 1914, decide to join the Triple Entente in 1915?
It was promised Austrian territory in return.
Following the First World War, what was one of the most difficult domestic problems faced by governments?
Providing care for the large number of injured veterans
By the summer of 1917, what was the situation in the Russian countryside?
Russian peasants were seizing land in a grassroots agrarian upheaval.
How did Russia meet the onset of World War I in 1914?
The government and people all embraced the war with patriotic enthusiasm.
How did the war on the eastern front differ from the war on the western front?
The war on the eastern front remained more mobile, with Germany in a more dominant position.
What was the common effect of western-front offensives during the First World War?
They caused the slaughter of massed infantry units.
What was the primary political weakness of the White forces as they fought against the Bolsheviks?
They had a poorly defined political program that failed to unite the enemies of the Bolsheviks.
Why did the Germans accept the Treaty of Versailles?
They had little alternative, especially as the naval blockade was still in place and the German people were starving.
Bismarck's alliance system was designed to isolate France and to
maintain peace between Russia and Austria-Hungary.
Germany's initial offensive was stopped on the outskirts of Paris at the Battle of
the Marne.
The term "total war" is applied to World War I to capture the idea that the war
would involve soldiers and civilians in a total national effort to win.
What did the Balfour Declaration of November 1917, written by British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour, announce?
Britain favored a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine.
What issue contributed to tensions between Germany and Great Britain in the first decade of the 1900s?
Germany's decision to build a large fleet of battleships
Who was Leon Trotsky, and what role did he play in the Russian Revolution?
He was a passionate revolutionary who brilliantly managed the Bolshevik seizure of power.
What idea was promoted by the rise of militarism and nationalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
International relations was an arena for testing national power.
What was the result of Allied support of the White armies in the Russian civil war?
It helped the Bolsheviks, who could appeal to patriotic nationalism against the Allies.
U.S. president Woodrow Wilson's peace proposal, the Fourteen Points, included what idea?
Peace should be based on the principle of self-determination.
What was the principle of national self-determination promoted by Woodrow Wilson?
People should be able to choose a national government through a democratic process and live free from outside interference.
What was the immediate cause of British entry into the First World War?
The German invasion of neutral Belgium
Why were the Balkans considered the "powder keg of Europe"?
The Ottoman Empire had been forced to give up its territory in the region, leading to growing ethnic nationalism.
Throughout the First World War, what mistake did military commanders repeatedly make?
They attempted to mount massive offensives designed to break through entrenched lines.
Why did the German military command recommence submarine warfare in the Atlantic despite knowing that it would lead the United States to enter the war against them?
They believed that improved submarines could starve Britain into submission before the United States could come to Britain's rescue.
How did the Western powers react to the declarations of independence by Syria and Iraq shortly following the First World War?
They invaded the two regions and defeated the independence movements.
What is one way that women became more visible in society during World War I?
They moved into skilled industrial jobs.
Why did German kaiser William II instigate the First Moroccan Crisis in 1905?
To test the Anglo-French alliance and boost German influence over international affairs.
How did the need for workers during World War I impact their position in society?
Unions cooperated with governments in return for real participation in decisions.
