World War II
Where did German Jews try to migrate to find safety from Nazi terror?
(east and west) Poland and Russia
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
-2300 Americans killed, Japan attacked Hawaii -U.S. declared war on Japan and its allies
How did the war affect the land and people of Europe?
-40 million Europeans dead -reduced cities to rubble due to bombs -destroyed country side (disrupted agriculture) -displaced persons from many nations were now homeless
Effects of Allied bombing raids on Japan
-Hiroshima and Nagasaki became wastelands -no longer an empire
Falling of Southeast Asian Colonies
-Pacific islands fall to Japan's control that were controlled by European countries -Japan creates a pacific empire of islands/colonies
Battle of Midway
-U.S. cripples Japan's fleet, forced them to withdraw -turning point of the war in the pacific
Battle of the Coral Sea
-airplanes attacked Japanese and Allied ships -allies stopped Japan's southward advance
Battle of Gaudalcanal
-allies seized control of one of Japan's islands -Japanese abandon their major island and lose 24,000 troops
Doolittle's raid on Japan
-bombed several cities, made Japan vulnerable -Japan begins to worry about resources/defense
How did U.S. occupation change Japan?
-demilitarization (process of creating a gov't elected by the people) -new constitution -empire -> constitutional monarchy
Political problems postwar gov'ts faced
-unemployment -famine -debt
Provisions in Japan's new constitution
-women got to vote -emperor's power was reduced -> figurehead -real political power was in people -two house parliament
How did each of the following help the Allie's victory in WWII
...
Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
150,000 people (apprx) killed forcing Japan to surrender
What was Hitler's plan for conquering France?
April 1940 Pave a way to France and distract Allies by invading Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg, then send massive force through the Ardennes
What did Hitler and Stalin each gain from the secret non-aggression pact?
August 1939 Hitler: removal of threat of attack from the east, division of Poland Stalin: division of Poland, takeover of Finland and Baltic countries, safety from German attack
Battle of Stalingrad
August 23, 1942 (began) November 19th, soviets closed in and trapped Germans inside and cut off supplies
Winston Churchhill
British prime minister who rallied British people to fight on against Nazi aggression
Battle of the Bulge
December 16, 1944 forced Germans to retreat
Hitler sent Rommel to help Italian troops seize Egypt and the Suez Canal; What was the outcome of the fighting at Tobruk?
February 1941 By the beginning of 1942, the British had forced Rommel to retreat. By the middle of the year, however Rommel pushed the British back and seized Tobruk.
Charles de Gaulle
French general and resistance leader
Who were the victims of the Holocaust?
Gypsies (nomadic people from Hungary, Turkey, Albania, Romania), communists, jews, homosexuals, artists
Invasion of Italy
July 10, 1943 conquered Sicily -> took away Mussolini's power
What happened at Dunkirk?
June 1940 Britain rescued Allied soldiers stranded at Dunkirk and ferried them to safety across the English channel
D-Day Invasion
June 6, 1944 allowed Allies to occupy France and slowly advance to Berlin
What happened on the night of November 9, 1938?
Kristal Nockt: Jewish shops and synagogues were destroyed
Battle of Okinawa
March 1945 Japan lost 100,000 people
What were the Nuremberg Laws?
Nuremberg (city in southern Germany) -where Hitler had rallies, anti jewish/discriminatory laws, eliminated Jew stores and places of worship
How did the Allies deal with the Holocaust?
Nuremberg Trials
Battle of El Alamein
Oct 23, night, 1941 pushed Germans out of Africa
Battle of Leyte Gulf
October 23, 1942 Japanese navy lost -> eliminated as fighting force in the war
Where were Jews forced to live in German-controlled cities?
Poland and Ukraine
What Strategy did Hitler use to conquer Poland>
September 1939 blitzkrieg or "lightning war" using fast-moving mechanized weapons and overwhelming force (planes and tanks)
What was the outcome of the Battle of Britain?
September 1940 RAF fighters and British resistance forced Germany to call off attack; Nazi's did not win
Who were the members of the "master race"?
aryans (pure bread Germans)
Atlantic Charter
declaration issued by Churchill and Roosevelt that formed the basis for Allies' peace plan
How did non-Jewish people try to save Jews from the horrors of Nazism?
get to concentration camps and liberate them
Why did Hitler believe that Jews and other "subhumans" had to be exterminated?
labeled them subhuman, pollutants, not part of his future plan
Why did the Germans build extermination camps?
more efficient at killing large groups of people
Propaganda campaigns on home fronts
people saved money to buy war stamps and bonds to finance the war
What was Hitler's "final solution"?
ulitmate plan to liquidate Jews and non aryan types