World War II pt 2

What were the Einsatzgruppen?

(mobile killing units) were German special duty squads, composed of primarily of SS and police personnel

Total War

-serve overseas -serve in factories (women) -serve on farms -Victory bonds -rationing

New roles for women

-worked in a wide range of non-traditional and traditional jobs; industrial -challenged traditonal attitudes about women in society -replaced men in factories, worked on farm, wrapped parcels for POW, knit socks and sweaters for troops, raised money for Victory bonds -joined armed forces non traditional: nurses, cooks, mechanics, welders, and radar operators

Barbarossa

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Blitzkrieg

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Dunkirk

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Einsatzgruppen

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Operation Barbarossa

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The Attack

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Mussolini invades Ethiopia

1935

1936: Hitler Occupies the Rhineland

1936

War at Sea - Battle of the Atlantic

1941 - 1945. The war in the Atlantic was over shipping lanes.Germany tried to use their submarines to cut off supplies to Britain. Canadian and British navies were involved in preventing Britain from starving. Oil shortages in Germany, deciphering German codes to pinpoint/locate the wolfpacks (submarines), and the Canadian corvette saved Britain. After initial German success in 1942, additional ships provided by Britain helped thwart German attempts as shipping lanes were kept open and German submarines destroyed.

Dieppe

1942. The Allied Command was unwilling to respond to Soviet demands for an all-out attack on the Western Front. They did however, respond with an attack on the German fortifications on the coast of Dieppe. A force of 6000 majority Canadian soldiers participated. The plan went wrong. The plan called for an attack under darkness but the ships were delayed, as well as the bombers that were supposed to destroy German guns, the beach was strongly fortified and some of the troops were forced to retreat. 1400 Canadians killed or wounded, nearly 2000 taken prisoner, more lives lost in a few hours than any other day of the war.

Liberation of the Netherlands

After D-Day, Canadians ploughed on along the French coast, and eventually came to the this country. They invaded and suffered huge losses but eventually freed the country and saved many starving Dutch people. Canadian troops played a major role in freeing this important entrance to Europe from enemy forces. By March 1945, Canadian forces had moved through Belgium and pushed German troops in the Netherlands back. Allied forces came in May 1945, Canadian command accepted the surrender of the Nazi forces in the Netherlands.

Wartime mistreatment of Japanese Canadians

After Pearl Harbor, Japanese suffered in Canada during WWII. Many Japanese were interned (held against their will), forced to move inland, and Anti-Japanese feeling grew quickly. Japanese Canadians were denied the right to vote until 1949.

Germany and Soviet Union Sign Non-aggression Pact

August 1939

D-Day

D-Day is June 6, 1944 — the day of the Normandy landings — initiating the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II.

What was the French reaction to Conscription?

Despite unhappiness with the decision, the French did not react as serious as feared because the leading French Canadian in King's cabinet supported the decision. Canada emerged far more united than it had in WWI.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

During the final stages of World War II in 1945, the Allies of World War II conducted two atomic bombings against the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. These two events are the only use of nuclear weapons in war to date. Following a firebombing campaign that destroyed many Japanese cities, the Allies prepared for a costly invasion of Japan. The war in Europe ended when Nazi Germany signed its instrument of surrender on 8 May, but the Pacific War continued. Together with the United Kingdom and the Republic of China, the United States called for a surrender of Japan in the Potsdam Declaration on 26 July 1945, threatening Japan with "prompt and utter destruction". The Japanese government ignored this ultimatum, and two nuclear weapons developed by the Manhattan Project were deployed. Little Boy was dropped on the city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945, followed by the Fat Man over Nagasaki on 9 August.

What role did radar play?

Enabled the RAF to see when the German aircraft was about to cross the English Channel. This info allowed RAF fighters to concentrate in the areas they expected the Luftwaffe to attack. Helped the RAF overcome the fact they were outnumbered.

What did Germans do in Rhineland? How was this against Versailles? What did the France do?

German troops march into the Rhineland. Under Versailles German troops were forbidden to move within 50 km of the Rhine River. Not even France stops the German advance.

What was the social impact of the BOB?

Germany had been defeater for the first time! This is the first time things did not go as Germany had planned. The bravery of the British people and their pilots impressed many Americans who began to urge their leaders to help Britain.

Battle of Britain

In 1940 Adolf Hitler who was the leader of Nazi Germany, tried to invade Britain. He sent his airforce which was called Luftwaffe to destroy the RAF. He had to do this before his armies could cross the English Channel. By the end of August 1940 the RAF/British had won and the Luftwaffe/Germany gave up trying to invade Britain.

The Italian Campaign; Ortona

In July 1943, the Allies invaded Sicily after taking back North Africa. They met German resistance in Ortona in December 1943 and a French-Canada unit helped drive them back. The Canadian forces along with the British army broke all lines of German defence in Italy.

Hong Kong

In late 1941, the British command decided that a strong force in Hong Kong would deter the Japanese from attacking and Canada was asked to supply troops to support them. Two barely trained battalions with a force of only 14 000 made defending Hong Kong an impossible task, costing one quarter of the Canadians to never return home after Canada's first engagement of WWII.

Significance of Dieppe

In many ways Dieppe was an experiment. Some say it served no purpose, others say it satisfied the Soviet's demands by diverting attention from the Eastern Front. It also provided a chance for Canadian troops to gain valuable experience for an invasion that would come in 1944.

What did Italy do in Ethiopia? What did the League of Nations do?

Italy invades Ethiopia to expand its territory and gain control of the country's oil reserves. The League of Nations takes no decisive action

Pearl Harbour

Japan broke off relations with the US. Naval base in Hawaii surprise attacked by Japanese aircraft on December 7, 1941. The attack was intended to give Japan's navy control of the Pacific in preparation for attacks on British, Dutch, and American colonies in the region.The sinking of much of the U.S. Pacific Fleet brought the United States into World War II.

Lend-Lease

Lend-Lease (Public Law 77-11) was the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, Free France, and other Allied nations with materiel between 1941 and 1945.

Significance of Lend-Lease

Lend-Lease was a critical factor in the eventual success of the Allies in World War II.[N 1] In 1943-1944, about a quarter of all British munitions came through Lend-Lease. Aircraft (in particular transport aircraft) comprised about a quarter of the shipments to Britain, followed by food, land vehicles and ships.

What does Blitzkrieg mean?

Lightening war

Germany Annexes Austria

March 1938

Hitler Occupies Czechoslovakia

March 1939

The Germans had?

Messerschmidt fighters and Heinkel bombers.

Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Signed

October 1938

Operation Overlord

On June 6, 1944 a huge Allied invasion into Europe began. They used naval and aerial bombs and landed on on Normandy Beach. American, British, and Canadian troops all were involved. In the end, it was a partial success for the Allies. German gun positions were not knocked out by the bombing and were able to pour artillery fire on the beaches where Allied forces were unprotected resulting in many casualties. They managed to destroy some German tanks, guns, and air bases. They manage to land on Europe and begin pushing back German forces.

What was Operation Barbarossa the beginning of?

Operation Barbarossa was the real beginning of what is called the Holocaust.

Hitler Invades Poland

September 1, 1939

Canada Declares War

September 10, 1939

Munich Agreement Signed

September 1938

Britain and France Declare War

September 3rd, 1939

What was one of the British fighter planes?

Spitfire

Significance of Battle of the Atlantic

The Royal Canadian Navy expanded and became much more powerful. Britain was kept from starving which allowed them to continue fighting the war.

Significance of Italian Campaign; Ortona

The Royal Twenty-second Regiment, a French-Canadian unit established the fighting ability of Canadians; distinguished themselves.

Significance of Operation Overlord

The attack allowed the Allies to start taking back German Europe though their foothold.

VE Day

Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day or VE Day) commemorates 8 May 1945 (in Commonwealth countries; 7 May 1945), the date when the World War II Allies formally accepted the unconditional surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany

VJ Day

Victory over Japan Day (also known as Victory in the Pacific Day, V-J Day, or V-P Day) is a name chosen for the day on which the Surrender of Japan occurred, effectively ending World War II, and subsequent anniversaries of that event. The term has been applied to both the day on which the initial announcement of Japan's surrender was made in the afternoon of August 15, 1945, in Japan, and because of time zone differences, when the signing of the surrender document occurred.

Significance of Bombings

Within the first two to four months of the bombings, the acute effects killed 90,000-166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000-80,000 in Nagasaki, with roughly half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first day. The Hiroshima prefecture health department estimated that, of the people who died on the day of the explosion, 60% died from flash or flame burns, 30% from falling debris and 10% from other causes. During the following months, large numbers died from the effect of burns, radiation sickness, and other injuries, compounded by illness. In a U.S. estimate of the total immediate and short term cause of death, 15-20% died from radiation sickness, 20-30% from burns, and 50-60% from other injuries, compounded by illness. In both cities, most of the dead were civilians.

Rationing

allowing a fixed quantity of foods or other goods -gasoline -coffee -tea -butter -jam -milk -sugar -meat

Conscription

late 1942, in the face of growing casualties overseas, the need for reinforcements grew. King held a plebiscite or a vote asking Canadians to release him from his promise of not conscripting for service overseas. Majority of English Canadians, minority French supported Conscription. King went forward cautiously, passed legislation allowing for overseas deployment of conscripts, but only if it became essential. In late 1944, King's government authorized the army to order 16 000 of the home defence soldiers to the battlefields.

Maginot Line

named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, artillery casemates, machine gun posts, and other defences, which France constructed along its borders with Germany and Italy, in light of its experience in World War I, and in the run-up to World War II. Generally the term describes only the defences facing Germany.

What did Britain and France allow Germany to do? What did Hitler agree to?

• Britain and France agree to allow Germany to reclaim the Sudetenland (North western Czechoslovakia) as Germany claims it is populated with German peoples • Hitler agrees that after reclaiming the Sudetenland, Germany will go no further

What do Britain and France realize? What begins?

• Britain and France finally realize that appeasement will not work • World War II begins

What did Neville Chamberlain claim?

• British Foreign minister Neville Chamberlain claims with the signing of the agreement, "There will be peace in our time!"

What does PM King urge Parliament to do? What does Parliament do?

• Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King urges Canadian Parliament to declare war • Parliament votes in favour of war on September 10th

What happened in Dunkirk?

• During the Belgian campaign, the German's drove rapidly across South-Eastern Belgium • The British Expeditionary Forces (BEF) and their allies appeared to be doomed as they retreated towards the sea • They found themselves trapped in the seaside town of Dunkirk

What and when was The Phoney War?

• During the winter of 1939-40, the French and German armies faced one another in the sitzkrieg (sit-down war), on the Phoney War

What was the miracle?

• From British ports sailed one of the strangest armadas in history, composed of destroyers, motor launches, private yachts, steamers, even fishing smacks, about 850 vessels in all • This fleet of British vessels moved to Dunkirk and proceed to evacuate about 338 000 British, French and Belgian troops from May 26-June 4, 1940 • A military disaster was turned into a propaganda victory as the British government called the evacuation "The miracle at Dunkirk"

What was the German military slogan?

• German military slogan is, "Today Germany. Tomorrow the world."

Why do the Germans have to stop?

• German's delay of the operation from May 15th costs them 5 weeks of summer • Hitler orders the main thrust southward (away from Moscow) to help the southern force capture the Ukraine • The Germans become mired in the mud, caused by fall rains, by the time they turn back to Moscow • Russian resistance is much fiercer than the Germans anticipated • Scorched Earth policy is very effective • Winter has set in the by the time they reach Moscow and the Russians defend it forcing the Germans to camp out in the harsh Russian winter

What was Blitzkrieg?

• Germany used mechanized mobile units to achieve: "Lightning fast" rapid advances intoenemy territory, with coordinated massive air attacks • These attacks shocked the enemy as if it was struck by lightning

What did Hitler and Mussolini sign?

• Hitler and Mussolini sign a pact allowing Hitler territories in northern and central Europe, while Mussolini is promised southern Europe

What did Hitler become and begin to do?

• Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany and begins expanding the army, navy and air force beyond the limits set out by Versailles

What does Hitler demand in Poland? How does Poland respond? What is the result?

• Hitler demands that the Polish corridor be returned to Germany • Poland refuses • Hitler launches Blitzkrieg (lightning war) on Poland • Germany army conquers Poland by October 6th and divides the country with Russia

What did Hitler violate? What is done by the victors of WWI?

• Hitler violates the Munich Agreement and sends his troops into the rest of Czechoslovakia. • Britain and France do nothing.

What did Hitler state in his book Mein Kampf? (Lebenstraum)

• In his book, Mein Kampf, Hitler outlines his belief that the German peoples need: • Lebenstraum: meaning "living space", or access to land and raw materials • It was the states policy of the Nazis to kill, deport, or enslave the Russian population whom they considered inferior, and to re-colonize the land with German stock

Who did they first shoot? Who did they later?

• Its personnel at first shot Jewish men • By late July 1941, these units began to murder entire Jewish communities, men, women and children

What did Nazi soldiers do in Austria? What did other nations do about it?

• Nazi soldiers occupy Austria without firing a shot. Austrians welcome Hitler as a conquering hero • Other nations make no attempt to stop Hitler.

The Order , what was the order by Hitler?

• On February 3rd, 1941, Hitler gave his approval to invade the USSR • June 22, 1941-Hitler launches an almost complete surprise attack on the U.S.S.R.

What did Germany do during the Collapse of France?

• On May 16, the German blitzkrieg was released on Northern France. German mechanized forces outflanked the Maginot Line, surprised the Allies • On June 5, the Germany launched another offensive southward from the Somme • They entered Paris unopposed on June 14 and forced France to sign an armistice on June 22, 1940

Surprise Attacks How did Hitler surprise Stalin (Premier of Russia)?

• Stalin trust Hitler and was sure the Nazis would finish their war with Britain before opening a new front • Hitler moved 2.5 million men to the Soviet border, launched many aerial surveillance mission over Soviet territory, an stockpiled vast amounts of material in the East. Yet the Soviets were still taken completely by surprise

What happens to the German attack in Russia?

• The German attack goes well initially but grinds to a halt in December just before reaching Moscow

What did the German attack open with against Russia? What did the Luftwaffe achieve?

• The German attack opened with about 3 million soldiers, but the Russian army outnumbered the Germans by at least 3:1 • In the first week of the invasion, the Luftwaffe achieved complete aerial control and destroyed 2000 Soviet planes.

What did the German General staff advise? What did Hitler do?

• The German general staff advised against fighting a war on two fronts. But Hitler considered himself a political and military genius and did not listen. • He expected victory in a few months and did not prepare for a war lasting into the winter

Scorched Earth What was Scorched Earth?

• The Russians adopt a "Scorched Earth policy" burning everything they leave behind (food, fuel, and buildings), so the Germans are not able to resupply

What did Germany and the Soviet union agree to? What does Hitler no longer have to worry about?

• The two countries promise not to fight each other in the event of a war • Secretly agree to divide Poland • Hitler no longer has to worry about a war on two fronts

What was the outcome of Barbarossa?

• The war at the Eastern Front went on for four years • Resulting in 4 million German and 11 million Soviet battle deaths • Plus another 15-18 million Soviet civilians perished in massacres, diseases and starvation *Russians surrender

Where did they travel?

• They traveled behind the German army and their task was to kill anyone in Soviet communities: especially the Jewish populations