WW1 and the age of imperialism

Woodrow Wilson

President of the United States during WWI. He wanted peace & democracy.

5 P's of Expansion

Profit, Protection, Piety, Politicians, and Patriotism

De Lome Letter

Spanish Ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms.

Fourteen Points

Speech delivered by Woodrow Wilson as a plan for peace at the end of the war. He named the main causes of the war (militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism) and proposed the league of nations.

Jones Act

Promised independence to the Philippines as soon as a "stable government" could be established. The United States did not grant the Philippines independence until July 4, 1946.

Countries under U.S. control/influence

Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

Boxer Rebellion

Rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The Boxers killed hundreds of foreigners and missionaries. The rebellion was ended by international troops.

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt's extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

"Big Four"

Italy, U.S., Great Britain, France

Espionage Act

Law passed to make it illegal to interfere with the draft, encourage soldiers to be disobedient, or sent anti war mail.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement.

New technology in World War I

Machines, poison gas, automatic weapons, air planes, and u-boats

Pancho Villa

Mexican revolutionary leader. The US sent troops to Mexico to capture him, but then returned home.

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs.

Panama Canal

Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States. To get it the US helped Panama's rebellion against Columbia and payed $10 million plus a yearly rent.

Zimmerman Note

On this note, Germany had secretly proposed a German- Mexican alliance. They tempted Mexico with the idea of recovering Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. The note was intercepted Great Brittian and published. This was a major factor that led us into WWI.

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded reparations from the Germans. Germany had to admit guilt, pay for war, give up land, and let the allies occupy for the next 15 years.

Sarajevo, Bosnia

where Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were killed

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Thought a strong navy was the key to world dominace.

John J. Pershing

US general who chased Villa over 300 miles into Mexico but didn't capture him and commander of US troops in WW1.

Dollar Diplomacy

Use of American $$ in strategic areas of the world, so countries would be loyal to the US because they needed money. - Taft

Spanish-American War

War began when the United States demanded Cuba's independence from Spain (the US has millions of $$ invested in sugar plantations, yellow journalism, and the DeLorme letter)

Russo-Japanese War

War between Russia and Japan. Theodore Roosevelt won Nobel peace prize for negotiating the treaty of Portsmouth to end the war.

Filipino-American War

War between the Philippines and the US. Philippines rebelled because they believed that the US had promised independence. The US put down the rebellion and let the Philippines have independence when they were ready to self rule.

Missionary Diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson's idea of the United States' moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government that was viewed as hostile to American interests.

world safe for democracy

Woodrow Wilson's justification for declaring war on Germany and entering WWI.

Army Reorganization Bill of 1916

a bill that increased the US army to 200,000 men

Selective Service Act

act passed authorizing a draft of men for military service. Drafted 24 million men to quickly increase the size of the military in 1917.

Russian Revolution

causes Russia to pull out of WW1 in 1917, hurting the Allies. Russia had the largest military, spend the most money, and occupied almost half the German millitary on the eastern front.

Impact of war on women

expands job opportunities (jobs that had been previously held by men), and allowed them to occupy some non-combat jobs in the military.

Anti-imperialism

felt imperialism threatened nation's democratic foundations. Against the US expanding it's territory.

Jose Marti

led the fight for Cuba's independence from Spain

Sedition Act

made it a crime to speak out against war bonds, or say anything unpatriotic, or hinder the war effort

Doughboys

nickname for American soldiers during WW1

overt action

obvious war actions ex: Germany attacking US ships

Neutrality

policy of supporting neither side in a war. The US was neutral for most of WW1 until it join the allies.

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire

"Powderkeg of Europe"

Balkan peninsula because of many ethnic rivalries and Europe's leading powers had interests there.

Status of Cuba after Spanish-American War

Cuba became an independent country.

German U-Boats

German submarines (Lusitania)

Outcomes of World War I

Germany surrenders November 11, 1918.

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and later the US

Big Stick Policy

Grow miliary as big as possible, so the military can do the talking - "speak softly and carry a big stick"

George Creel

Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI

Anti-Germanism in the United States

During WW1 Americans burned German books, changed Germans street names and names of German foods, and changed their German last names. Hate crimes were carried out towards Germans in America.

Treaty of Paris of 1898

Ended the Spanish American War. Spain granted Puerto Rico, Guam, and sold the Philippines to the US, and Cuba received conditional independence

TR's Nobel Peace Prize

For his successful efforts in negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth ( Negotiated peace between Russia and Japan after the Russo-Japanese war)

Impact of war on African-Americans

"great migration" towards the north for jobs available (due to labor shortage) and allowed to serve in segregated units in the military.

years of World War I

1914-1918

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Schenck v. United States

A decision upholding the conviction of Schneck, a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I. It was declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger".

Trench warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.

Isolationism

A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations. The US was this way before the war and republicans wanted it to stay that way (rejected the league of nations).

Open Door Policy

American statement that the government did not want colonies in China, but favored free trade there

League of Nations

An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace (Woodrow Wilson). The US didn't join because of isolationists.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.