Yico Ch11
Generalized vascoconstriction occurs as a result of:
An increase in sympathetic nervous systems firing.
Crushing chest pain cause by oxygen deprivation of the myocardium is called ________.
Angina pectoris.
Which of the following are direct branches of the left coronary artery:
Anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries.
Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?
Aortic semilunar valve
The pointed tip of the heart that is directed toward the left hip is called the ________.
Apex.
In which of the following blood vessels is blood pressure the highest:
Arteries.
Larger blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ________.
Arteries.
The two surperior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.
Atria; ventricles.
The 1st heart sound, "lub" is caused by the closure of the ________ valves.
Atrioventricular (AV)
The valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the ________ valves.
Atrioventricular (AV).
The pressure blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels is known as ________.
Blood pressure.
Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed.
Blood pressure; osmotic pressure.
The ________ veins join to form the superior vena cava before emptying into the right atrium.
Brachiocephalic.
________ are abnormal heart sounds that are fairly common in young children with healthy hearts because their hearts because their heart walls are relatively thin and vibrate with rushing blood.
Heart murmurs.
Cardiac output is the product of ________ and ________.
Heart rate (HR); stroke volume (SR).
A systolic blood pressure reading below 100 mm HG is called ________.
Hypotension.
A decrease in the elasticity of blood vessels (i.e., increase in rigidity) causes arterial blood pressure to ________.
Increase.
The hormones epinephrine and thyroxine will cause the heart rate to ________.
Increase.
The vessel that drains blood from all body regions below the diaphragm muscle before emptying into the right atrium is the ________.
Inferior vena cava.
Lack of adequate blood supply to the heart is called ________.
Ischemia.
Blood travels to the stomach by the way of the branch of the celiac trunk called the:
Left gastric artery.
During diastole, the pressure in the heart is ________.
Low.
The flow of blood through a capillary bed is called ________.
Microcirculation.
The bicuspid valve is also referred to as ________ valve.
Mitral.
The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from depolarization of the atria is the ________.
P Wave.
The sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ________.
Pacemaker.
The amount of friction blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels is known as ________.
Peripheral resistance.
Which one of the following vessels receives blood during ventricular systole:
Pulmonary trunk.
Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood:
Pulmonary vein.
The circulation from the heart to the lungs and back is known as ________ circulation.
Pulmonary.
Which of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch:
Right common carotid artery.
The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat is known as ___.
Stroke volume (SV)
The term that means heart contraction is ________.
Systole.
A heart rate over 100 beats per minute is referred to as ________.
Tachycardia.
Which one of the following is true concerning the lub-dup of the heart:
The first sound is longer and louder and is caused by the closure of the AV valves; the second sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by the closure of the semilunar valves.
Inflammation of varicose veins can result in a clot in that vessel; this condition is referred to as ________.
Thrombophlebitis.
Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium?
Tricuspid valve
From innermost to outermost, the three layers of a vessel, with the exception of capillaries, are the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.
True
True or False: Blood pressure is highest in the arteries and decline to zero or negative pressure in the vena cavae.
True
True or False: Exchanges between blood and tissue cells occur in capillary beds.
True
True or False: In fetal circulation, blood travels directly from the atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale.
True
The innermost blood vessel wall that lines the lumen and consists of cells that fit closely together to form a slick surface that decreases friction and allows blood to flow smoothly is the ________.
Tunica intima.
Larger veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.
Valves.
The narrowing of blood vessels is known as ________.
Vasoconstriction.
The umbilical cord contains an umbilical ________ that transports oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus.
Vein.
Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________. aorta coronary sinus pulmonary trunk superior vena cava
aorta
Blood leaves the left ventricle through as artery known as the _______.
aorta
Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart?
aortic semilunar valve
The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip. mediastinum apex base pericardium
apex
Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called _______.
arteries
The 2 superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the _____, while the 2 inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as _______.
atria; ventricles
Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________.
blood pressure is higher at the end of the capillary.
Pulmonary arteries transport________.
blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
What anchors the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles?
chordae tendineae
Which of the following supply the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood?
coronary arteries
Which of the following supply the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood? coronary arteries blood within heart chambers pulmonary vein superior vena cava (SVC)
coronary arteries
Which of the following is NOT a major branch of the coronary arteries?
coronary sinus
Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall?
desmosomes
Which of these allows nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to bypass the fetal liver and enter the inferior vena cava?
ductus venosus
Cardiac output is the product of which two variables? heart rate and blood pressure contraction and relaxation blood pressure and peripheral resistance heart rate and stroke volume diastole and systole
heart rate and stroke volume
The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________.
heart rate to decrease
The four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber left atrium right ventricle right atrium left ventricle
left atrium
Inferior discharging chamber on the left side of the heart left atrium right ventricle right atrium left ventricle
left ventricle
Roof of this chamber contains the bicuspid valve left atrium right ventricle right atrium left ventricle
left ventricle
The walls of the _______ are substantially thicker because the chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.
left ventricle
What is the effect of parasympathetic nervous system control on the vascular system?
little to no effect
Carla was born with a ductus arteriosus that did NOT close properly. What organ(s) would be directly affected by this congenital heart defect?
lungs
The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ___________.
mediastinum
The bicuspid valve is also referred to as the _______ valve.
mitral
Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries?
osmotic pressure
The sinoatrial node, located on the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ______.
pacemaker
What is the function of the heart valves? synchronizes blood flow through chambers on each side of the heart allows blood to flow from one chamber to the next regulates blood pressure in the chambers of the heart prevents backflow of blood
prevents backflow of blood
The transportation of blood from the right side of the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as _______circulation.
pulmonary
Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?
pulmonary vein
The left atrium receives blood from the ________.
pulmonary veins
The left atrium receives blood from the ________. inferior vena cava pulmonary arteries superior vena cava aorta pulmonary veins
pulmonary veins
Heart chamber that contains the sinoatrial node left atrium right ventricle right atrium left ventricle
right atrium
The coronary sinus empties blood from cardiac circulation into this chamber left atrium right ventricle right atrium left ventricle
right atrium
Our vessels lose elasticity as we age, as happens in arteriosclerosis. Which vessel layer is affected?
tunica media
The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the _______.
umbilical vein
Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.
valves
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels?
vasoconstriction
During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to the
ventricles
Capillary beds are drained by vessels known as
venules
A person with a heart of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of:
4500 mL/minutes
The average heart beats about ___ times per minute.
75
The average heart beats about ________ times per minute.
75.
The smallest blood vessels known as ________ connect arterioles and venules.
Capillaries.
The amount of blood being pumped out of the heart at any time is called ________ .
Cardiac output.
The tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps or endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the ________.
Chordae tendineae.
The complete circle of connecting vessels in the brain is called the ________.
Circle of Willis or cerebral arterial circle.
When ventricles ________, the AV valves are closed.
Contract.
The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________.
Coronary sinus.
The brachial vein:
Drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein.
The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ________.
Epicardium.
True or False: The cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis) involves blood flow through the liver.
False
The blood vessel that is the immediate inferior continuation of the external iliac artery is the ________.
Femoral artery.
The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________.
Foramenovale.
Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart.
superior vena cava
What term refers to the contraction of the heart?
systole
