zool 2200 - quiz 11

Two hormones produced by the pancreas regulate blood glucose. Insulin is released in response to a(n) ___________ in blood glucose and while glucagon is released in response to a(n) _____________.

increase, decrease

The pineal gland secretes ___________ which is a(n) _________ hormone. This hormone regulates sleep-wake cycles and is also known as the hormone of darkness.

melatonin, amine

The posterior pituitary is also known as the ______________ because it is connected to the hypothalamus by ____________ and releases __________. The anterior pituatary is also known as the ___________________ because it is connected to the hypothalamus by a _____________ and releases _________.

neurohypophysis, neurons, hormones made by the hypothalamus. adenohypophysis, portal system, hormones it produces itself

The parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone which ______________ blood calcium levels by increasing the activity of bone osteoclasts while the thyroid gland secretes calcitonin which ___________ blood calcium levels by decreasing the activity of bone osteoclasts. Only ____________ is considered essential for life.

raises, lowers, parathyroid hormone

Testosterone is a(n) _______ and therefore is ___________. Testosterone is transported in blood ____________ and therefore has a ______ half life.

steroid, hydrophobic, bound to a carrier protein, long

Match each receptor type shown with the proper description.

Ligand-gated ion channel: Found on dendrites and cell bodies of neurons. When neurotransmitters bind to these it alters the neurons permeability to chloride, potassium, or sodium. Receptor enzyme or enzyme-linked receptor: When a hydrophilic ligand binds to these types of receptors the intracellular portion starts a phosphorylation cascade that turns on proteins already present in the cell. G-protein coupled receptor: These are the most common type of receptor used by hydrophilic hormones. When a hydrophilic hormone binds to this type of receptor the intracellular portion activates an amplifier enzyme that then activates a 2nd messenger. Intracellular receptor: Hydrophobic hormones use these receptors. When a hydrophobic hormone binds to one of these receptors gene transcription starts and the cell makes new proteins.

The thyroid gland produces two hormones. Thyroid hormone a(n) __________ hormone and calcitonin a(n) __________ hormone. Thyroid hormone is unusual because it is _________________.

amine, peptide, it is hydrophobic but is stored in a colloid and released on demand.

Match each of the following hormones produced by the pituitary glands with their action in the body.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Tropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland and causes the release of cortisol. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Released by the posterior pituitary gland in response to dehydration. Growth hormone (GH): Released by the anterior pituitary gland and causes muscle and bone growth. Luteinizing hormone (LH): Tropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland and causes the gonads to produce steroid hormones. Oxytocin: Released by the posterior pituitary gland and causes milk secretion and uterine contractions. Prolactin: Released by the anterior pituitary gland and causes milk production. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH): Tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that causes the production of thyroid hormone.

The adrenal gland produces multiple hormones. Match each hormone with the proper description.

Aldosterone: Steroid hormone that regulates sodium and potassium levels and is produced by the zonae glomerulosa portion of the adrenal cortex. Androgens: Steroid hormone that regulates reproductive functions and is produced by the zonae fasciculata and reticularis portion of the adrenal cortex. Cortisol: Steroid hormone that regulates the bodies response to stress and is produced by the zonae fasciculata and reticularis portion of the adrenal cortex. Epinephrine: Amine hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. This hormone regulates the bodies response to stress.

Insulin is a(n) _______ and therefore __________. Once synthesized it is ____________.

Peptide, hydrophilic, stored in a vesicle until released via exocytosis.