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Which of the following on-line research strategies raises the most concerns regarding the ethical principle of respecting the autonomy of research subjects and the corresponding federal regulations requiring informed consent?
A researcher proposes to join a moderated support group for cancer survivors posing as a survivor. She plans to insert comments to see how the members respond.
Non-maleficence is associated with
Doing no intentional harm in global health research and practice
A global health researcher from UCLA proposes a study and wants to recruit subjects from health care clinics in Jamaica. The survey will be conducted by the U.S. researchers at the clinic. The nurses at the clinic will inform prospective subjects about the availably of the research but will not consent the subjects nor perform any research procedures (even screening procedures). Are the nurses engaged in the research according to U.S. federal regulations?
No, they are not engaged because they are only informing the subjects and not consenting or performing any research procedures, or receiving or sharing any private, identifiable information.
global health researcher is studying women who have been admitted to the hospital because of damage by female genital mutilation. All potential subjects must have children under the age of five. Research subjects will be given a basket of toys to use at their children's first visit that the children can then take home. In assessing this proposal, the IRB needs to determine that the toys are:
Not an excessive incentive.
The Belmont principle of beneficence requires that:
Potential benefits justify the risks of harm.
What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB) charged with?
Protecting the rights and welfare of human subjects
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence is applied to a study involving human subjects?
Ensuring that risks are reasonable in relationship to anticipated benefits.
Which of the following statements is false?
Global health researchers and professionals never carry stigmatizing attitudes.
A U.S. global health researcher plans to conduct a clinical trial of feeding genetically-engineered "golden rice" to cure vitamin-A deficiency syndrome in children in Bangladesh. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the requirement for the U.S. federal documentation of minors' assent to participate in research?
documentation is required unless waived by the IRB
In a theory of international human rights,
equal status is necessary but not sufficient condition for international human rights
An electronic medical record for in is an example of:
private information
According to the federal regulations in the United States and the World Health Organization's guidelines, which of the following studies meets the definition of research with human subjects?
An experiment is proposed on the relationship between gender-related stereotypes in global health and the subsequent performance by males and females on competency tests.
The age of majority in international research is determined by
The Laws, customs, and norms in the area in which the research will be conducted
The standard of care in cases of medical negligence is measured against:
The standard of experts in the field
According to author Allen Buchanan, a theory of human rights must
account for the existing global legal- institutional phenomon of human rights
in cases of moral disagreement
all ethical reasoning depends on its cultural starting point
human rights protect our
autonomy, welfare, and liberty
Randomized control trials (RCTs):
Are considered to be the 'gold standard' for determining efficacy and safety in clinical research
In Pakistan, both men and women experience considerably high level of associated stigma and discrimination due to their mental Illness. In general, research results in this and other parts of the world have shown that women
Are less prone to social withdrawal as a result of stigmatization than men
Which of the following examples of using the internet to conduct research meets the federal definition of research with human subjects?
Conducting an on-line focus group with cancer survivors to determine familial support systems. The researcher also invites subjects' significant others to be a part of the focus group.
A researcher in South Africa is examining the quality of life for diamond miners who are HIV-positive using surveys followed by interview. The Institutional Review Board must ensure that:
Confidentiality of the miners' health status is maintained.
What statement about risks in global health research is most accurate:
Risks are specific to time, situation, and culture.
Researchers wish to evaluate a new treatment for eclampsia in (a life- threatening condition in pregnant women) in Tanzanian women 30 - 50 years of age. The research is intended to directly benefit the pregnant woman who is otherwise healthy and competent. The investigator must obtain consent from whom?
The pregnant woman and the father of the fetus.
A student is conducting a research project that involves using a survey. The survey asks subjects about their highest level of education, political affiliation, and views on various social issues. No identifiable information will be collected. This study would be categorized as which type of review?
exempt review
in his book on ethics the author rainer forst declared that one of the following bliefs underlies all human rights
human rights are meant to ensure that no human being is treated in a way that could not be justified to him or her as a person equal to others
author paul boghossian "eating beef is wrong relative to the moral code of the hindus" lacks moral force because
it doesnt clearly explain why hindus hold this belief
the author stanley fish denies there are moral absolutes because
it is impossible to secure universal assent on any moral proposition
The author Paul Boghossian thinks that rejecting absolute moral facts leads one to:
moral nihilism
the author rainer forst believes that human rights
must be justified using a reflexive criteria with normative and practical implications
The history of ethical regulations in human subjects research began with the
nuremberg code
paul boghossian believes that fish is mistaken in his own position because
one can consistently believe both that there are mroal absolutes and there is no sure way of knowing what they are
the author stanley fish believes that people will continue to behave morally even if they reject moral absolutes because
people do not always live by their philosophical convictions
the "parochialism objection" to human rights claims that
the concept of "human rights" is a cultural phenomenon that is imposed on the rest of the world
In addition to pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates, additional protections are stipulated for which of the following vulnerable populations?
the elderly
A professor of global health at UC Irvine proposes to study attitudes about obesity in Chile by giving human subjects in Chile surveys to complete. Which is a question that the UC Irvine Institutional Review Board (IRB) should ask the researcher in order to determine if this study should be reviewed by a local Chilean IRB or ethics committee, as well as the UC Irvine IRB?
will the researchers have collaborators at the research site abroad?
