1. What is Geography?

What powers the water cycle? atmospheric circulation patterns the sun the greenhouse effect the westerlies

sun

A vertical or horizontal line used in graphs is called a(n) _____. axis diameter equator prime meridian

A

Choose the geographic theme represented below. "The United States is north of Mexico and south of Canada." location human-environmental interaction movement regions

A

Choose the item that is an example of the geographic theme of location. A. 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. NW B. Tourism is the major source of income. C. Russian farmers brought wheat to America. D. Dynamite was used to help build tunnels through mountains in the European Union.

A

A canyon would be considered a ________ of the earth. A. physical process B. physical characteristic

B

A person living in the desert is most likely to _____. A. carry an umbrella B. wear sunscreen C. go surfing after school D. work in the fishing industry

B

Choose the geographic theme represented below. "As a protection from rising seawater caused by hurricanes, many houses in Galveston, Texas, are built on stilts." location human-environmental interaction movement place

B

Choose the geographic theme represented below. "Bolivia is one of two landlocked South American countries. It is bordered by Peru and Chile to the west, Brazil to the north and east, and Paraguay and Argentina to the south. Poverty here is high. It has three official languages: Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara." location place human-environmental interaction movement

B

Choose the item that is an example of the geographic theme of place. A. Austin, Texas, is 30 degrees north and 97 degrees west. B. Farmers settled in the fertile plains. C. Canada is north of the United States. D. The school is fifteen minutes from the library.

B

Divergent plate boundaries result when the earth's plates _____. crash into each other move away from each other move underneath each other rub against each other

B

If a geographer is studying a volcano, _____. A. the volcano is the result of the physical process B. the volcano is the cause of the physical process C. the volcano had no relationship to the physical process D. the volcano sometimes affects the physical process

B

The best tool to use to locate the boundaries between countries is a(n) _____. A. interrupted area map B. political map C. population map D. relief map

B

The statement, "People celebrate their birthdays on January 1st" is an example of what type of region? climate cultural physical political

B

What is the part of the earth that you walk on called? mantle crust asthenosphere core

B

Where a contour line crosses a river, it makes a V shape. The open side or mouth of the V indicates _____. A. upstream B. downstream C. tilted strata D. a fold

B

Which of the following made Wegener's Continental Drift Theory seem more reasonable? A. a change in attitude among scientists B. the discovery of plates on the ocean floor C. the discovery of a fault line along the ocean floor D. none of these

B

When we speak of 'characteristics' in geography, we're referring to: A. that which makes us remember something B. people's actions and ideas that change the earth C. naturally occurring features of the earth D. the whole number or integral part of a logarithm E. oddities that stick in our minds

B, C

You can check reference materials out of the library overnight. True False

False

Which type of plate movement is most often the cause of earthquakes? collision faulting spreading subduction

faulting

A _______ chart would best describe the steps in the processing of a product.

flow

A _________ chart would best describe the steps in the processing of a product.

flow

Select the THREE major types of charts. bar circle flow line relationship summarization

flow, relationship, summarization

Graphs have little to do with the organization of material. True False

False

Most graphs do not begin at a base level of zero. True False

False

Of all graphs, one type is best. True False

False

The most accurate graph is the line graph. True False

True

All axis on a graph run horizontally. True False

False

1. semi-solid layer of the earth lying between the top layer and the upper mantle 2. metallic layer at the earth's center 3. the earth's outermost layer 4. thick, hot layer of semi-solid rock surrounding the earth's core 5. permanently frozen soil beneath the surface in polar and near-polar areas

1. asthenosphere 2. core 3. crust 4. mantle 5. permafrost

1. the layer of gases above the earth's surface 2. mineral remains or other traces of plants or animals from the distant past 3. the innermost layer of the earth 4. the outermost layer of the earth 5. the middle layer of the earth 6. the earth's water-found in the lakes, rivers, oceans as well as underground 7. determines the landscape of the earth's crust

1. atmosphere 2. fossil 3. core 4. crust 5. mantle 6. hydrosphere 7. lithosphere

1. a central line around which the parts of a thing are regularly arranged 2. numerical facts assembled and classified so as to present significant information 3. to cross each other; to divide into two parts by passing through

1. axis 2. statistics 3. intersect

1. climate 2. cultural 3. economic 4. physical 5. political

1. defined by average precipitation and temperature 2. defined by factors including language, religion, or customs 3. defined by agreements between nations creating free trade zones 4. defined by the earth's land systems and bodies of water 5. defined by their government systems

1. of the same kind or type 2. the amount of water that falls on the earth (rain, snow, hail) 3. area having a dominant or unifying characteristic

1. homogeneous 2. precipitation 3. region

1. processes initiated by people that shape earth's surface and interact with plant and animal life to create, sustain, and modify ecosystems 2. activities occurring in nature that shape the earth's surface 3. processes occurring in nature that shape the earth's surface and interact with plant and animal life to create, sustain, and modify ecosystems 4. physical and human processes that shape the earth's surface and interact with plant and animal life to create, sustain, and modify ecosystems

1. human systems 2. physical processes 3. physical systems 4. systems

1. sphere containing the earth's landforms 2. section of the earth's crust that are continually moving 3. theory that attributes the earth's physical processes to the movements of the sections of its crust

1. lithosphere 2. plates 3. plate tectonics

1. the hottest part of the mantle 2. the semi-solid layer between the top layer and the upper mantle 3. the firm layer between the crust and the asthenosphere 4. the earth's outermost layer 5. the layer surrounding the inner core 6. the metallic layer at the earth's center 7. the layer between the asthenosphere and lower mantle

1. lower mantle 2. asthenosphere 3. top layer 4. crust 5. outer core 6. inner core 7. upper mantle

1. Uses symbols to describe information 2. Compares different quantities at the same point in time 3. Compares increases and decreases in a quantity over a period of time 4. Shows the relationship of parts to each other and to the whole

1. pictograph 2. bar 3. line 4. pie

1. contour interval 2. contour lines 3. hachure marks 4. topographic map

1. the distance between contour lines of elevation 2. lines of equal elevation that display height, shape, and steepness of ground features 3. teeth-like marks on contour lines that indicate a depression or sunken area 4. also known as a contour map; shows shape, steepness, and height of ground features by using contour lines

San Jose, Costa Rica, is located near the equator. Choose the statement that most likely describes life in San Jose. A. The people in San Jose wear lightweight clothing. B. Recreational sailing is a popular activity. C. Ski resorts are an important tourist attraction. D. Kites are a favorite toy of the children in San Jose

A

Select the statement that is false. A. Ocean currents move cold water from the equator toward the poles. B. Ocean currents generally flow clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. C. Ocean circulation patterns and the water cycle are physical processes. D. Ocean circulation patterns are caused by their interaction with the atmosphere, pressure, and the earth's rotation.

A

The continents we know today were previously clumped together in a super continent called Pangea. A. The Continental Drift Theory B. The Continental Shift Theory C. The Plate Theory D. The Plate Tectonics Theory

A

The eruption of a volcano would be considered a ______ of the earth. A. a physical process B. a physical characteristic

A

The statement, "Farmers in this area benefit from a long growing season" describes what type of region? climate economic physical political

A

Which climate zone has the greatest change in temperature between winter and summer months? continental dry moderate tropical

A

Which of these best describes the asthenosphere inside of the earth's mantle? A. it not quite liquid or solid, similar in texture to toothpaste B. it is molten liquid metal C. it is solid due the extreme pressure of the earth's other layers smashing down on it D. it is a firm, rocky outer layer

A

Which of these spheres deals with animals that live in the water: A. biosphere B. atmosphere C. lithosphere D. none of these

A

You want to determine if one peak is steeper than another peak, based on a topographic map. What would you see on the steeper peak? A. Contour lines that are closer together. B. Contour lines that are farther apart. C. Contour lines that are higher elevations. D. Contour lines in the shape of a V.

A

The Eurasian plate and the North American plate are slowly moving toward each other. What do you think might happen if they continue to move toward each other and converge? A. mountains will form B. the movement will cause an earthquake C. a fault-line will develop D. none of these

A (?)

Which statement best illustrates how rainforests and wetlands are different? A. They are both humid and hot, but the wetlands are solely on the edge of an ocean or sea. B. They are both the same. C. Wetlands are humid, while rainforest are solely on the edge of an ocean or sea. D. Only rainforests are hot and humid, but both are on the edge of the sea.

A (?) (def not D)

Which statements are true about the atmosphere? A. People depend on the atmosphere for the air they breathe. B. It screens out the sun's ultraviolet rays. C. Plants are not dependent on the atmosphere. D. As air rises, it gets warmer. E. Warm air has more moisture content than cool air.

A, B, E

Select the items that are described by the geographic theme of location. A. The residence of Great Britain's prime minister is 10 East Downing Street. B. Early settlers in Louisiana came from France. C. It takes approximately five hours to fly from New York to Los Angeles. D. Tundra covers most of the Antarctic. E. Irrigation is needed to grow cotton in the Arizona desert. F. The beautiful beaches of the Bahamas have made these islands a popular tourist destination.

A, C

Which phrases describe causes of the greenhouse effect? A. insulating atmosphere B. longer days C. solar radiation D. gases and water vapor E. increased temperatures

A, C, D

Which statements are true about atmospheric circulation patterns? A. Wind is another name for atmospheric circulation patterns. B. Atmospheric circulation patterns keep the temperature of an area constant. C. Atmospheric circulation patterns are often responsible for hurricanes. D. Wind that moves from west to east is called a westerly. E. Air circulation patterns generally follow a straight line. F. Winds move easily across the plains.

A, C, D, F

The Middle Latitudes have: A. only two seasons B. milder climate C. cool summers D. abundant rainfall in some places, less in other areas E. cool to cold winters

A, D

Which items are described by the geographic theme of human-environmental interaction? A. The Panama Canal has shortened trading routes. B. Canada has ten provinces and three territories. C. Panama's borders are Costa Rica, Colombia, the Caribbean Sea, and the Pacific Ocean. D. Central heating is a common feature in Canadian housing. E. Panama is a bit smaller than South Carolina. F. The Ural Mountains form the boundary between Asia and Europe.

A, D

Tamara is a hydrologist (a scientist who studies water). Her assignment is to locate clean freshwater sources. She is likely to test waters in these areas to find sources of clean freshwater. A. streams B. seas C. the Gulf of Mexico D. rivers E. underground F. glaciers

A, D, E, F

Which of the following are true of flat maps? You may choose more than one answer. A. Flat maps are great for calculating exact distance and directions. B. Flat maps are often distorted. C. Flat maps use lines of latitude and longitude to show the earth's curve. D. Flat maps are difficult to tell the direction of a location.

B, C, D

Which of the following are true of lines of longitude and latitude? You may choose more than one answer. A. Lines of latitude are more important than lines of longitude. B. The most famous line of latitude is the equator. C,Lines of longitude run north and south. D. Lines of latitude run east and west.

B, C, D

Which are renewable resources? coal dirt evergreen trees oxygen silver tomatoes trout water

B, C, D, F, G, H

Select all that apply. What type of influences does this lesson emphasize as interrelating with and affecting the lives of people in any region where they live. A. familial B. geographic C. climatic D. social E. cultural F. educational G. economic H. political

B, C, E, G, H

Which items name a type of precipitation? A. stream B snow C canal D. rain E. hail F. steam

B, D, E

Which are nonrenewable resources? acorns coal corn gold natural gas oil petroleum tuna

B, D, E, F, G

Aristotle believed that the earth: A. was round B. was flat C. consisted of caverns and tunnels D. was a hollow globe with a thick outer layer

C

If you want to go mountain climbing in your state park, this type of map is the best tool for you to use. A. land-use map B. Mercator projection C. topographic map D. Winkel Tripel projection

C

Mountains are created when: A. two plates crash together and one slides below the other B. two plates slide together, rubbing against each other C. two plates crash together and they both push the crust upward D. A combination of these

C

Points to consider when making graphs include all of the following except _____. A. whether the elements contribute to understanding the information presented B. whether it is simple, meaningful, attractive, and accurate C. if the information is presented in color D. if the material is presented clearly

C

Read the paragraph and answer the question that follows. "As populations increase around the globe, growing demands for energy resources have the potential of straining the earth's ecosystems. Scientists around the world have identified ways in which people can use energy more efficiently: ○Inflate car tires to make cars more fuel efficient. ○Replace light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs. ○Recycle. ○Adjust your thermostat. ○Reduce the temperature of your water heater. ○Unplug appliances that are not in use. Which statement best describes how the information above relates to human activities? A. Human activities have increased volcanic eruptions. B. Overfishing of the world's oceans is leading to the extinction of some fish species. C. Nations of the world can work together to use energy more efficiently. D. Moving to cooler climates will help save energy.

C

Temperatures in this climate region stay about the same all year long. continental moderate tropical tundra

C

The European Union (EU) was formed to advance the economic goals of Europe. Countries of the EU open their borders to member nations. European citizenship is extended to all, allowing people to live, work, and vote in any member nation. Member nations have common policies in such areas as agriculture, transportation, health, safety, anti-trust regulation, environmental protections, and industrial standards. Choose the type of region described in the above paragraph. A. climate region B. cultural region C. economic region D. physical region

C

The statement, "Paraguay is one of two landlocked South American nations" describes what type of region? cultural economic physical political

C

Topographic maps are used to: A. examine biological land features B. examine chemical land features C. examine physical land features D. examine social land features

C

Which of the earth's spheres can change our weather? A. the lithosphere B. the hydrosphere C. the trophosphere D. the biosphere

C

Which statements describe the geographic theme of regions? A. Different types of regions have little or no effect upon each other. B. Climate regions are defined by their average temperature and their political system. C. Physical regions can be formed by mountains and oceans. D. Cultural regions are limited to specific countries. E. Nations that are members of an economic region enjoy fewer tariffs than non-members. F. Regions share one or more common characteristics.

C, E, F

What country borders the United States to the north? Mexico Canada Europe Africa

Canada

Graph titles are seldom both simple and descriptive. True False

False

Explain the reasons why the study of geography is important and how it affects your life.

Countries are not isolated, and what happens in other areas affect, even if just in the most minor way and time span, the way you live your life. Our local surroundings also help shape the culture and habits of a given population. Understanding how physical and human systems affect our daily lives will help give insight as to why certain things are the way they are.

A book of maps is called a(n) dictionary encyclopedia yearbook atlas

D

A prime minister is the leader of what type of region? climate cultural economic political

D

How do the earth's physical features affect people's activities? A. choice of occupation B. method of transportation C. recreational activities D. all of the above E. none of the above

D

What do geographers call areas whose residents share a common characteristic? economic spheres free-trade zones homogeneous regions

D

What is the hottest part of the earth? mantle crust asthenosphere core

D

When companies remove trees from an area, among the results below, _____ is negative rather than positive. wood for houses wood for furniture wood for cooking deforested land wood for heat thinned forest land

D

Briefly compare and contrast the two disciplines, geography and geology.

Geography and geology sometimes overlap in their studies. They both focus on Earth's surface, physical features, and inhabitants. However, geography leans more toward how nature and humans interact. For example, studying how landscapes and boundaries factor into human behavior in a given area. Geology, on the other hand, fosuses solely on Earth, its features, and its internal processes.

Which of the following are examples of physical systems? ►the Gulf Stream ►the Lincoln Tunnel ►the Amazon Rain Forest ►the San Andreas Fault ►the California Gold Mine

Gulf Stream Amazon Rain Forest San Andreas Fault

Which of the following represent human systems? ►Hoover Dam ►genetic engineering ►volcanic eruptions ►the Panama Canal ►plate tectonics

Hoover Dam genetic engineering the Panama Canal

A graph is a type of visual aid. True False

True

Graph symbols are explained in a key. True False

True

Graphs show relationships through the use of comparison. True False

True

The atmosphere contains the earth's _____. landforms water systems life forms air

air

Which of the earth's spheres contains its plants and animals? atmosphere biosphere hydrosphere lithosphere

biosphere

Sailors refer to the area where ships powered only by sails frequently get stuck as the _______. This area is at _____ degrees latitude.

doldrums, 0

Which of the earth's changes can be explained by plate tectonics? earthquakes erosion mountain ranges ocean trenches volcanoes wind weathering

earthquakes, mountain ranges, ocean trenches, volcanoes

Latitude lines circle the globe from _____.

east to west

What physical process will likely cause people to move from coastal cliffs? air circulation patterns erosion subduction trade winds

erosion

Which of the earth's spheres contains its landforms? atmosphere biosphere hydrosphere lithosphere

lithosphere

Which of these natural processes can we actually see taking place? the development of a valley tectonic action between two plates the development of a mountain the growth of a forest the growth of a glacier all of the above none of the above

none

What theory explains the causes of earthquakes and volcanoes? continental drift hydrologics plate tectonics weathering

plate tectonics

The hydrosphere is the sphere containing all of the earth's water in all of its forms, including _____, _____, and _____. vapor core liquid solid crust mantle

vapor, liquid, solid

The hydrosphere contains the earth's _____. air water plants soil

water

What is the physical process responsible for soil creation called? erosion hydrologics tectonics weathering

weathering