103H [HEALTH] - Chapter 9 - Patients, Providers, and Treatments
Modifying and supplementing a prescribed treatment regimen is known as
creative nonadherence
The quality of patient-provider relationship is impaired by _______.
depersonalization
If a parent prepares a child for admission several days before hospitalization, explaining why it is necessary, what it will be like, and so on may _______.
ease the transition
Communication between patients and physician can be eroded when patients do not have the opportunity to _________ before the provider begins the process of diagnosis.
finish their explanation of concerns
Psychologist participate in the diagnosis of patients and their level of functioning, which can help _______.
form the basis fro therapeutic intervention
Providers who exude warmth, empathy, and confidence _________.
get stronger placebo effects from patients
A complaint that providers have is that their cleat and careful explanation of illnesses to patients _________.
goes in one ear and out the other
Thinking up one's own question ahead of time can improve communication during office visits, leading to _________.
greater patient satisfaction
A meditative procedure that has been used to control discomfort related to illness and treatment, especially cancer, is known as ________ _________.
guided imagery
A reason why placebos are trusted is because people ______.
have no experience that disproves the effectiveness of consuming them
More than 70 million Americans receive their health care through a prepaid financing system. This system is called _________.
health maintenance organization
An approach to treatment that deals with the physical, spiritual, and psychological needs of a person is called ________ _______.
holistic medicine
In many respects, ______ is a logical extension of the biopsychosocial model.
holistic medicine
A philosophy developed in Europe which interprets disease and illness as caused by disturbances in a vital life force is known as ________.
homeopathy.
When patients are anxious, their learning can be ________.
impaired
A patient's idea of which symptoms are important may not correspond to a provider's knowledge and thus ________.
important signs may be overlooked
Effective nonverbal communication can ________.
improve adherence to treatment
with reference to faulty communication, a problematic provider behavior is ________ -that is, not listening
inattentiveness
Millions of people who use self-care and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies practice _______ _______, that is, the combination of alternative medicine with conventional medicine.
integrative medicine
A costly consequence of poor patient-practitioner communication is _________.
malpractice suits
In a health maintenance organization, an employer or employee pays an agreed-on monthly rate, and the employee can then use services at no additional (or a greatly reduced) cost. This arrangement is called ________ _______.
managed care
Unlike chiropracty, massage involves _________.
manipulation of soft tissue
Training that uses direct, supervised contact with patients and gives immediate feedback to students after a patients interview works best for ________.
medical and nursing students
People who ________ are able to achieve an advanced state of relaxation and control of bodily processes.
meditate
For patients to show a placebo response, they _____.
must understand what the treatment is meant to do and what they should do
The central tenet of ______ is that the body can heal itself through diet, exercise, fresh air, and sunlight.
naturopathy
When a patient does not adopt the behaviors and treatments a provider recommends, the result is _______ or noncompliance.
nonadherence
In a hospital, if nurses talk to nurses, physicians to other physicians, and administrators to other administrators, then _____ is high.
occupational segregation
In the case of pain management, a patient undergoing hypnosis is ______.
often given a form of drug treatment or painkillers
An alternative medical practice that draws on the body's ability to heal itself is known as _________.
osteopathy
When a(n)_________ is administered, anxiety may be reduced, and this overlay of anxiety-related symptoms may disappear.
placebo
In _________ - _________ _____________, a network of affiliated practitioners have agreed to charge preestablished rates for services.
preferred-provider organizations
Until a few decades ago, the majority of Americans received their health care through _______.
private, fee-for-service care
Nurse practitioners (health care provider)
provide routine medical care, prescribe treatment, monitor progress of chronically ill patients, and explain all details about this disorder - affiliated with physicians in private practices and see their own patients
In theory, prepaid health care systems can produce high technical quality of care because _______.
providers who make errors receive fewer referrals
When hospitalized, patients must entrust themselves to strangers in an uncertain environment with new procedures. This can lead to _______.
psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and nervousness
The vital life force, which if blocked or stagnant can result in disease, is known as _______.
qi
In prepaid health care plans, a provider first sees a patient and determines what is wrong and then the provider ______.
recommends specialists to follow up with treatment
Improving patient communication teaches patients _______.
skills for obtaining information from physicians
Advanced-practice nurses (health care provider)
some obstetrical care and births, cardiac or cancer care, and administering anesthesia -include certified nurse midwives, clinical nurse specialists, and certified nurse anedthetics
The fallout from the cost of malpractice suit is that _____.
some physicians leave medicine altogehter
A stronger placebo effect can be generated from a setting with ______.
staff and physicians who radiate faith in the treatment
Researchers draw in indirect measures of adherence such as _______.
the number of follow-up or referral appointments kept
A Chinese technique where long, thin needles are inserted into designated areas of the body that are said to influence the areas in which a patients is experiencing a disorder is known as ________.
acupuncture
Traditional Chinese Medicine draws techniques such as ______ to maintain a balance between yin and yang.
acupuncture, massage, diet, exercise, and meditation
Often staff members have little time to spend with the patient beyond exchanging greetings, which can be _______ for the patient.
alienating
In a medical office, it is difficult to present their complaints about their condition effectively when they _______.
are in pain, have a fever, or are embarrassed or anxious
Identify the best ways to improve adherence.
-
Identify the steps taken by health maintenance organizations to reduce patients dissatisfaction.
- Allowing patients to have personal choices - Reducing long waits - Ensuring patients see the same provider each time
Identify the problems faced by children during hospitalization.
- Children mistakenly infer that they are being punished for some misdeeds - Some children become socially withdrawn or have extreme emotional reactions - Hospitalization keeps children from discharging their energy through physical activities. - Children can be embarrassed or ashamed by having to expose themselves to strangers.
Identify the ailments that can be treated by yoga.
- Chronic pain and bronchitis - symptoms associated with menopause - variety of physical and mental ailments related to stress, including depression and anxiety
Identify the reasons for patients to adopt a consumerist attitude toward health care.
- Developing treatment plans by having a patient's full participation -Active engaging of patients with chronic ailments in the treatment regimen - Offering choices to patients
Identify the factors that can lead to imbalances between yin and yang.
- Environmental stressors - Infectious disorders - Stress
Identify the factors that indicate nonadherence in patients.
- Patients personally supplement treatment with over-the-counter drugs - Patients have personal theories about a disorder and its treatment
Which of the following is required for adherence?
- The unclear recommendations are clarified individually - A patient is asked to repeat the instructions given.
Identify the functions of psychologists.
- They participate in pre-and postsurgery and pain control - They have behavioral programs to teach appropriate self-care after discharge - They diagnose and treat patients' psychological problems
Identify the factors that cause low levels of adherence.
- Treatment regimes that require frequent dosages - Treatment regimens that are complex - Treatment regimens that interfere with other desirable activities in one's life - Treatment regimens that must be followed over a long time
Identify the reasons as to why people turn to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) techniques.
- chronic conditions whose existence or treatment create side effects like back pain - Functional disorders are not well managed by traditional medicine. - Depression, anxiety, and stress are better treated by CAM techniques.
The mission of National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) is to ___________.
- discern what roles complementary and alternative medicine might have in improving health and healthcare - evaluate the usefulness and safety of complementary and alternative medicine through rigorous investigation.
Service provider may not be overly concerned with patient satisfaction because _______.
- the patient no longer pays directly for service - the provider's income is not directly affected whether the patient is pleased with the service
Identify statements that are true of double-blind experiments used for new drugs
-Comparison of a drug against a placebo is essential for accurate measurement of a drug's effect -the difference between the effectiveness of a drug and a placebo is a measure of the drug's effectiveness.
As practitioners may underestimate what their patients will understand about their illness and its treatment, they resort to _____.
baby talk and simplistic examinations
The goal of ayurvedic medicine
balance among body, mind, and spirit
Placebos, in part, are effective because people _______.
believe that drugs work and have a great deal of experience with drug taking
Patients may misunderstand a provider's emphasis on factors they consider incidental and may _______.
believe that the provider has made an incorrect diagnosis
Identify ways in which adherence can be increased.
breaking advice down into manageable subgoals that can be monitored by providers
______ people experience stronger placebo effects.
Anxious
The from of medicine that involves performing adjustments on the spine and joints to correct misalignments that are believed to both cure and prevent illness in known as __________ __________.
chiropractic medicine
Patients who enroll in a preferred-provider organization must ______.
choose only from the affiliated practitioners when seeking treatment
A diverse group of therapies, products, and medical treatments that include prayer, potions, natural herb products,e meditation, yoga, homeopathic medicine, and acupuncture, among other treatments is known as ______ ______ ______ ______.
complementary and alternative medicine --> (CAM) techniques
With reference to noncompliance among patients, overall, about 85 percent of all patients fail to adhere __________.
completely to prescribed medications
What contains nutrients in high or higher levels than recommended by the United States Institute of Medicine's daily recommendations?
Dietary supplements
A researcher gives a group patients a drug said to cure an illness, and another group receives a placebo. Neither the researcher not the patient know whether the patient received the drug or the placebo. This procedure is called a _______-______ _______.
Double-blind experiment
Core (goals of hospital)
Ensuring the smooth functioning of the system and the flow of services, personnel, and resources
True or false: Dietary supplements are typically taken by sick people in the belief that high doses can help cure their illness.
False: Dietary supplements are typically taken by healthy people in the belief that high doses of vitamins can help stave off illness.
True of False: Naturopathy is a philosophy developed in Europe in the 1700s, which interprets disease and illness caused in a vial life force.
False: Naturopathy is a medical system whose central tenet is that the body can heal itself through diet, exercise, sunlight, and fresh air.
Identify the true statement related to hypnosis.
Hypnosis involves a state of relaxation, which can help to reduce stress and discomfort
Patients with little fear (based on Irving Janis's study on the fear experienced by surgery patients before an operation)
Insufficiently vigilant to understand and process the preparatory information effectively
Identify a true statement about massages
It reduces stress and is believed to boost immune function.
Nosocomial infection, that is infection that results from exposure to disease in a hospital setting, is an example of ______.
Lack of communication
In case of private hospitals, medical line and administrative line are two lines of authority. A(n) _______ is based on technical skill and expertise, whereas a(n) ________ runs the business of the hospital.
Medical line; administrative line
______ involves providing patients with information, involving then in decision regarding their care, and considering psychosocial issues as social support needs.
Patient-centered care
Physician's assistant (health care provider)
Perform many routine health care tasks, such as taking down medical information or explaining treatment regimens to patients -educated in 2-year programs in medical schools and teaching hospitals
Any medical procedure that produces an effect in a patient because of its therapeutic intent and not its specific nature, whether physical or chemical, is known as a _________.
Placebo
According to Masters and Spielmans (2007) and Nicholson, Rose, and Bobak (2010), which of the following is true about the effecrs of prayer on coping with illness?
Prayer does not appear to reliably improve health.
The truth about what patients can understand lies somewhere between ________ _______ and baby talk.
Technical jargon
Care (goals of hospital)
The orientation of the staff involving the humanitarian side of medicine
Cure (goals of hospital)
The physician's responsibility, through performing treatment which can restore good health
Highly fearful patients (based on Irving Janis's study on the fear experienced by surgery patients before an operation)
Too absorbed with their own fears preoperatively to process the preparatory information adequately
True of false: Learning occurs with feedback, but in the provider's, lack of feedback is the rule.
True
True or false: With placebos, when a disorder is diagnoses and a treatment regimen is prescribed, however ineffective, patients have tangible evidence that providers know what is wrong and have done something about it.
True.
A general term that includes breathing techniques, straightening exercises, postures, and meditation is known as ___________.
Yoga
Due to poor patient-provider communication, dissatisfied patients are more likely to ___________.
turn to alternative services to satisfy emotional over medal needs, change doctors, and file formal complaints
Patients with moderate fear (based on Irving Janis's study on the fear experienced by surgery patients before an operation)
vigilant enough but not overwhelmed by their fears
In medical settings, many communication failures occur due to ______.
violation of simple rules of courtesy
In traditional Chinese Medicine, _____ is cold, passive, and slow-energy, whereas _______ is hot, active, and rapid.
yin, yang