11.2 Applying Mendel's Principles

**What is a Genotype?

**A Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism.

**What is a Phenotype?

**A Phenotype is the physical characteristic of an organism.

**What does Heterozygous mean?

**Heterozygous means having 2 DIFFERENT Alleles for a particular gene.

**What does Homozygous mean?

**Homozygous means having 2 IDENTICAL Alleles for a particular gene.

**What did Mendel contribute to our understanding of genetics?

**Mendel's 4 principles of heredity, observed through patterns of inheritance, form the basis of modern genetics. These principles are: 1. Inheritance - The inheritance of biological characteristics is determined by individual units called genes. 2. Dominance - Where two or more forms (alleles) of the gene for a single trait exist, some alleles may be dominant and others may be recessive . 3. Segregation - In most sexually reproducing organisms, each adult has two copies of each gene - one from each parent. These genes Segregate from each other when gametes are formed. 4. Independent Assortment - Alleles for different genes usually segregate independently from each other. IDSI (I didn't see it)

**How do Alleles segregate when more than one gene is involved?

**The principle of Independent Assortment state that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

What is a Punnett Square?

A Punnett Square is a diagram that can be used to predict the Genotype and Phenoytpe combinations of a genetic cross.

What is Independent Assortment?

Independent Assortment is one of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

The probability of flipping a coin twice and getting two heads is...

One-quarter(1/4)

The physical characteristics of an organism are called its....

Phenotype.

What is Probability?

Probability is th ikelihood that a particular event will occur.

A Punnett Square is used to determine the....

Probability outcome of a cross.

How can we use probability to predict traits?

Punnett squares use mathematical probability to help predict the genotype and phenotype combinations in genetic crosses